Interpretation最新文献

{"title":"REVEALING DEEP CONDENSATE GAS RESERVOIR IN A ARCHEOZOIC METAMORPHIC BURIED HILL RESERVOIR BY ULTRASONIC IMAGE LOGS, SPECTROSCOPY LOGS AND CORE DATA, BOHAI BAY BASIN, EASTERN CHINA","authors":"Bo Liu, Guoqiang Zhang, Xianlei Zeng, Jiheng Zhou","doi":"10.1190/int-2023-0054.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1190/int-2023-0054.1","url":null,"abstract":"The Archeozoic metamorphic buried hill reservoir of Bozhong Sag in Bohai Bay Basin is a proven condensate gas reserves over 100 billion cubic meters. Clear understanding on buried hill vertical zones variation is vital to characterize reservoir quality and reservoir distribution. Conventional core samples analysis is far than enough to characterize the complexity and diversity of basement reservoir. Weathering, lithofacies, and fracture network also play important role in controlling the reservoir property. The fractures in the target area are unevenly developed due to the multi tectonic activities and stress field rotation during the initial period of the basement evolution. In addition, the mineral’s composition of the basement lithofacies is complex due to the metamorphism, alteration and weathering which further affect the reservoir quality. Characterizing effective fracture distribution of the basement lithofacies across the area is crucial to classify the good reservoir zonation. However, identifying fracture by electrical resistivity borehole image endured high uncertainty as conductive fracture are possibly filled by clay, iron minerals (pyrite or siderite) or mud filtrate. Ultrasonic image logs can identify different fracture based on both the amplitude image and transit time image, which can clearly identify effective or non-effective fractures. In total, four types of fractures are identified: closed fractures, fully open fractures, partially open fractures, and vuggy open fractures. Based on the lithofacies, fracture development, volumetric minerals from spectroscopy logs and conventional logs, the archeozoic metamorphic buried hill was revealed zone by zone. Strongly weathered zone, sub weathered zone and insider buried hill zone were proposed. The reservoir quality, lithofacies identification, multi well fracture development analysis by three buried hill zones and production controlling factors were fully demonstrated in this study.","PeriodicalId":502519,"journal":{"name":"Interpretation","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139961048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strata-constrained GWLSTM network for logging lithology prediction","authors":"Haotian Lv, Li Ma, Hui Li, Xiaogang Wen, Baohai Wu, Jinghuai Gao","doi":"10.1190/int-2023-0062.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1190/int-2023-0062.1","url":null,"abstract":"Precisely identifying rock lithology from logging curves is critically important for reservoir characterization and exploration risk assessment. Although traditional knowledge-based lithology interpretation by the well logging interpreter has achieved success, the interpreter-dominated lithology prediction process, in turn, could lead to a biased prediction or erroneous decision-making. Deep neural network shows the most advanced performance in various domains such as medical science, computer vision, or even geosciences. Therefore, a potential strata-constrained long short-term memory (LSTM) strategy is proposed. By combining Gaussian windows to characterize the weighted stratigraphic sequence information on the target formation, rock lithology can be intelligently identified from the input logging curves. This weighted stratigraphic sequence constrains-based LSTM workflow can predict the rock lithology precisely, even for the thinner layers. F1 score and confusion matrix demonstrate that considering the rock strata sequence features, the predicted lithology by the Gaussian window weighted constrain LSTM (GWLSTM) model and rectangular constrain LSTM (RCLSTM) model have superior performance than those of conventional LSTM model.","PeriodicalId":502519,"journal":{"name":"Interpretation","volume":"39 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139961673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INDUCED SEISMICITY DATA PREP","authors":"Caroline Breton, Michael Shensky, Alexandros Savvaidis","doi":"10.1190/int-2023-0013.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1190/int-2023-0013.1","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigated causal factors of induced seismicity in the Permian Basin by collecting and processing data on reported earthquakes, hydraulic fracture operations and salt water disposal. We collected data from five online sources: (1) the TexNet Earthquake Catalog, which provides earthquake data for Texas; (2) the TexNet Injection Volume Reporting Tool, which provides daily salt water disposal data for select Texas wells; (3) the FracFocus Chemical Disclosure Registry, which provides hydraulic fracture data to the public; and (4) B3 Insight and (5) IHS Enerdeq Browser, which are proprietary database services that provide current and historical well data through paid subscriptions. TexNet makes their data available to the public at dynamic map websites. We automate data processing and data management using Python and ArcGIS Pro tools. The workflow produces quick, reliable, consistent and reproducible output. We developed a Python script for each collected data table to filter, select fields and write a new table. We created ArcGIS Pro Model Builder models for each new table to control format properties at import to geodatabase. Further models contain customized ArcToolbox tools arranged in order to run geospatial, quality assurance and quality control processing steps. In addition to discussing the source data and general workflow, we also review results of the automated data processing. To illustrate our method, we create areas of investigation around the 5.4 magnitude Coalson earthquake to collect and process available data to create maps, charts and data products for use in subsequent analysis. We make our Python scripts available on GitHub (https://github.com/ut-beg/py4_texnet_eqcat).","PeriodicalId":502519,"journal":{"name":"Interpretation","volume":" 1236","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139786942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INDUCED SEISMICITY DATA PREP","authors":"Caroline Breton, Michael Shensky, Alexandros Savvaidis","doi":"10.1190/int-2023-0013.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1190/int-2023-0013.1","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigated causal factors of induced seismicity in the Permian Basin by collecting and processing data on reported earthquakes, hydraulic fracture operations and salt water disposal. We collected data from five online sources: (1) the TexNet Earthquake Catalog, which provides earthquake data for Texas; (2) the TexNet Injection Volume Reporting Tool, which provides daily salt water disposal data for select Texas wells; (3) the FracFocus Chemical Disclosure Registry, which provides hydraulic fracture data to the public; and (4) B3 Insight and (5) IHS Enerdeq Browser, which are proprietary database services that provide current and historical well data through paid subscriptions. TexNet makes their data available to the public at dynamic map websites. We automate data processing and data management using Python and ArcGIS Pro tools. The workflow produces quick, reliable, consistent and reproducible output. We developed a Python script for each collected data table to filter, select fields and write a new table. We created ArcGIS Pro Model Builder models for each new table to control format properties at import to geodatabase. Further models contain customized ArcToolbox tools arranged in order to run geospatial, quality assurance and quality control processing steps. In addition to discussing the source data and general workflow, we also review results of the automated data processing. To illustrate our method, we create areas of investigation around the 5.4 magnitude Coalson earthquake to collect and process available data to create maps, charts and data products for use in subsequent analysis. We make our Python scripts available on GitHub (https://github.com/ut-beg/py4_texnet_eqcat).","PeriodicalId":502519,"journal":{"name":"Interpretation","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139846754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TECTONIC ANALYSIS OF THE MULA RIVER BASIN, KIRTHAR FOLD BELT, PAKISTAN, USING HYPSOMETRIC INDEX","authors":"Ammar Hussain, Amna Afzal, Shuhab D. Khan","doi":"10.1190/int-2023-0086.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1190/int-2023-0086.1","url":null,"abstract":"The Mula River basin is in an active tectonic region of the Kirthar fold fault belt in Western Himalayas. The presence of numerous major faults like Chaman Fault, Kirthar Frontal Fault and Bannh Fault near the study suggest complex tectonic processes in the region. The seismic record of the study area also indicates that this area is tectonically active. This makes the study area an ideal site to measure tectonic activity through geomorphic indices like hypsometric integrals (HI). For tectonic analysis of the Mula River basin, we divided the study area into 309 sub-basins. The results obtained from the HI calculations for the sub-basins led us to the classification of the study area into three classes i.e., Class 1 (0.51-0.78), Class 2 (0.37 – 0.50) and Class 3 (<0.37), where Class 1 is for the highest tectonic activity and Class 2 responds to the moderate and class 3 is for the lowest tectonic activity. We calculated the hypsometric curves to understand the geomorphological cycle of the Mula River basin. We quantified the sub-basins of the Mula River basin, inside the highly active tectonic zone of Kirthar fold and fault zone, as per their tectonic activity and found that a major portion of the study area shows low tectonic activity (44.33%), medium tectonically active and high tectonically active sub-basins are 37.86 % and 17.79 % respectively. These findings are supported by the presence of high-relief areas and known faults in the study area.","PeriodicalId":502519,"journal":{"name":"Interpretation","volume":"18 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139846165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TECTONIC ANALYSIS OF THE MULA RIVER BASIN, KIRTHAR FOLD BELT, PAKISTAN, USING HYPSOMETRIC INDEX","authors":"Ammar Hussain, Amna Afzal, Shuhab D. Khan","doi":"10.1190/int-2023-0086.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1190/int-2023-0086.1","url":null,"abstract":"The Mula River basin is in an active tectonic region of the Kirthar fold fault belt in Western Himalayas. The presence of numerous major faults like Chaman Fault, Kirthar Frontal Fault and Bannh Fault near the study suggest complex tectonic processes in the region. The seismic record of the study area also indicates that this area is tectonically active. This makes the study area an ideal site to measure tectonic activity through geomorphic indices like hypsometric integrals (HI). For tectonic analysis of the Mula River basin, we divided the study area into 309 sub-basins. The results obtained from the HI calculations for the sub-basins led us to the classification of the study area into three classes i.e., Class 1 (0.51-0.78), Class 2 (0.37 – 0.50) and Class 3 (<0.37), where Class 1 is for the highest tectonic activity and Class 2 responds to the moderate and class 3 is for the lowest tectonic activity. We calculated the hypsometric curves to understand the geomorphological cycle of the Mula River basin. We quantified the sub-basins of the Mula River basin, inside the highly active tectonic zone of Kirthar fold and fault zone, as per their tectonic activity and found that a major portion of the study area shows low tectonic activity (44.33%), medium tectonically active and high tectonically active sub-basins are 37.86 % and 17.79 % respectively. These findings are supported by the presence of high-relief areas and known faults in the study area.","PeriodicalId":502519,"journal":{"name":"Interpretation","volume":"117 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139786457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and genesis of the Zhongnan Fault Zone in the South China Sea oceanic basin: insights from an integrated analysis of multibeam bathymetric and two-dimensional multi-channel seismic data","authors":"Song Zou, Guangfa Zhong, Baojin Zhang, Minghui Geng, Lijie Wang, Ruwei Zhang","doi":"10.1190/int-2023-0079.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1190/int-2023-0079.1","url":null,"abstract":"The Zhongnan Fault Zone (ZFZ) is a large-scale tectonic belt in the South China Sea (SCS) oceanic basin, playing an important role in the formation and evolution of the basin. Nevertheless, debates persist regarding its location, orientation, nature, time of activity, and genesis. In this study, we investigate the characteristics and origin of the fault zone through an integrated analysis of multibeam bathymetric and two-dimensional (2D) multi-channel seismic data. Our results reveal the ZFZ as a fault zone approximately 400 km long and 50-90 km wide, situated between the east (ESB) and southwest (SWSB) sub-basins. The ZFZ is oriented N8°W, roughly perpendicular to and laterally displacing the relict spreading center and related spreading lineaments. Bounded by discontinuous linear seamounts, the ZFZ comprises two V-shaped sub-parallel pull-apart basins and a separating basement high. Steeply dipping (>60°) normal basement-involved faults bound these pull-apart basins, forming typical negative flower structures. Numerous NE-oriented en-echelon linear bathymetric highs within the ZFZ are identified as secondary antithetic shears. These shears are characterized by their orientation relative to the principal displacement zones defined along the pull-apart basins. The ZFZ exhibits differences from adjacent sub-basins in water depth, basement burial, stratal thickness, and seismic stratigraphic characteristics. Five seismic sequences (S1-S5 upwards) in the ZFZ and nearby ESB and SWSB are defined, dating to Early Miocene syn-spreading (S1) and Middle Miocene to Recent post-spreading (S2-S5) stages, respectively. The difficulty in correlating seismic facies in sequences S1-S3, compared to the comparable seismic facies in sequences S4-S5 between the ZFZ and adjacent sub-basins, suggests a horizontal displacement during the syn-spreading and early post-spreading stages. We propose that the ZFZ functioned as a right-lateral transform fault zone during the syn-spreading period (∼24-16 Ma) of the SWSB and transitioned into a left-lateral strike-slip fault zone during the successive early post-spreading period (∼16-5.3 Ma).","PeriodicalId":502519,"journal":{"name":"Interpretation","volume":"93 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139872684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-stack sparse envelope seismic inversion method adopting the L0-L2 norm regularization","authors":"Sen Yang, Guochen Wu, J. Shan, Hongying Liu","doi":"10.1190/int-2023-0075.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1190/int-2023-0075.1","url":null,"abstract":"The essence of pre-stack inversion is the model inversion, but challenges hinder its accuracy in obtaining precise initial models, particularly in marine environments or regions with limited well-log data. To enhance stability and accuracy in pre-stack seismic inversion in these areas, we propose an elastic parameter estimation approach utilizing sparse envelope inversion with L0- L2 norm regularization. Our method combines signal sparse representation and modulation theories to derive a new formula for sparse envelope extraction at lower frequencies. By applying L2 norm regularization to the sparse envelope, we obtain parameter inversion results with smoothed trends, augmenting low wave-number information for improved model constraints. Additionally, taking the envelope inversion results obtained by the L2 norm as the model constraint, the sparsest inversion results with obvious block-like characteristics are obtained by regularizing the inversion equation with the L0 norm. Notably, our method effectively suppresses wavelet side-lobes, resulting in stable and accurate inversions without the need for initial low-frequency models based on well-logs, as required in traditional methods. We present a synthetic example to illustrate the feasibility and stability of our proposed approach, and further demonstrate its practicality in reservoir parameter estimation through a field case study of gas exploration.","PeriodicalId":502519,"journal":{"name":"Interpretation","volume":"14 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139813650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-stack sparse envelope seismic inversion method adopting the L0-L2 norm regularization","authors":"Sen Yang, Guochen Wu, J. Shan, Hongying Liu","doi":"10.1190/int-2023-0075.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1190/int-2023-0075.1","url":null,"abstract":"The essence of pre-stack inversion is the model inversion, but challenges hinder its accuracy in obtaining precise initial models, particularly in marine environments or regions with limited well-log data. To enhance stability and accuracy in pre-stack seismic inversion in these areas, we propose an elastic parameter estimation approach utilizing sparse envelope inversion with L0- L2 norm regularization. Our method combines signal sparse representation and modulation theories to derive a new formula for sparse envelope extraction at lower frequencies. By applying L2 norm regularization to the sparse envelope, we obtain parameter inversion results with smoothed trends, augmenting low wave-number information for improved model constraints. Additionally, taking the envelope inversion results obtained by the L2 norm as the model constraint, the sparsest inversion results with obvious block-like characteristics are obtained by regularizing the inversion equation with the L0 norm. Notably, our method effectively suppresses wavelet side-lobes, resulting in stable and accurate inversions without the need for initial low-frequency models based on well-logs, as required in traditional methods. We present a synthetic example to illustrate the feasibility and stability of our proposed approach, and further demonstrate its practicality in reservoir parameter estimation through a field case study of gas exploration.","PeriodicalId":502519,"journal":{"name":"Interpretation","volume":"37 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139873363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and genesis of the Zhongnan Fault Zone in the South China Sea oceanic basin: insights from an integrated analysis of multibeam bathymetric and two-dimensional multi-channel seismic data","authors":"Song Zou, Guangfa Zhong, Baojin Zhang, Minghui Geng, Lijie Wang, Ruwei Zhang","doi":"10.1190/int-2023-0079.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1190/int-2023-0079.1","url":null,"abstract":"The Zhongnan Fault Zone (ZFZ) is a large-scale tectonic belt in the South China Sea (SCS) oceanic basin, playing an important role in the formation and evolution of the basin. Nevertheless, debates persist regarding its location, orientation, nature, time of activity, and genesis. In this study, we investigate the characteristics and origin of the fault zone through an integrated analysis of multibeam bathymetric and two-dimensional (2D) multi-channel seismic data. Our results reveal the ZFZ as a fault zone approximately 400 km long and 50-90 km wide, situated between the east (ESB) and southwest (SWSB) sub-basins. The ZFZ is oriented N8°W, roughly perpendicular to and laterally displacing the relict spreading center and related spreading lineaments. Bounded by discontinuous linear seamounts, the ZFZ comprises two V-shaped sub-parallel pull-apart basins and a separating basement high. Steeply dipping (>60°) normal basement-involved faults bound these pull-apart basins, forming typical negative flower structures. Numerous NE-oriented en-echelon linear bathymetric highs within the ZFZ are identified as secondary antithetic shears. These shears are characterized by their orientation relative to the principal displacement zones defined along the pull-apart basins. The ZFZ exhibits differences from adjacent sub-basins in water depth, basement burial, stratal thickness, and seismic stratigraphic characteristics. Five seismic sequences (S1-S5 upwards) in the ZFZ and nearby ESB and SWSB are defined, dating to Early Miocene syn-spreading (S1) and Middle Miocene to Recent post-spreading (S2-S5) stages, respectively. The difficulty in correlating seismic facies in sequences S1-S3, compared to the comparable seismic facies in sequences S4-S5 between the ZFZ and adjacent sub-basins, suggests a horizontal displacement during the syn-spreading and early post-spreading stages. We propose that the ZFZ functioned as a right-lateral transform fault zone during the syn-spreading period (∼24-16 Ma) of the SWSB and transitioned into a left-lateral strike-slip fault zone during the successive early post-spreading period (∼16-5.3 Ma).","PeriodicalId":502519,"journal":{"name":"Interpretation","volume":"169 S362","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139812837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}