Applied Sciences最新文献_第10页

Full Digital Workflow for Aesthetic Rehabilitation of the Upper Teeth: A Case Report 上牙美学修复的全数字化工作流程：病例报告

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.3390/app14135957

Gilbert Jorquera, L. Hardan, Rim Bourgi, David Arias, C. Cuevás-Suarez, Krystyna Pietrzycka, M. Lukomska-Szymańska

{"title":"Full Digital Workflow for Aesthetic Rehabilitation of the Upper Teeth: A Case Report","authors":"Gilbert Jorquera, L. Hardan, Rim Bourgi, David Arias, C. Cuevás-Suarez, Krystyna Pietrzycka, M. Lukomska-Szymańska","doi":"10.3390/app14135957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135957","url":null,"abstract":"The present case report presents a digital workflow for designing an aesthetic rehabilitation of the upper anterior teeth in an adult male. The patient suffered from a gummy smile resulting from an unfavorable ratio between upper lip length and gingiva/tooth display. In addition, the tooth shapes, color, and position were not accepted by the patient. The treatment planning included gingivectomy based on a digitally designed PMMA guide performed using a soft tissue SOGA laser (Shenzhen Soga Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China). The preparation was guided by the plastic guides for preparation control created digitally in Exocad software (Rijeka 3.1. Darmstadt, Germany) and printed in three-dimensional plastic. Next, both arches and maximum intercuspation were scanned. The milled lithium disilicate veneers were manufactured using CAD-computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) equipment. The restorations were cemented using a translucent light-cure resin cement (RelyX Universal, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA). Next, occlusion adjustment and polishing were executed. Based on the present case report, it can be assumed that the application of digital techniques allows us to achieve an aesthetic and functional result with reduced work time and errors. Emphasizing the clinical impact, these methods enhance patient satisfaction and treatment accuracy in intricate aesthetic rehabilitations.","PeriodicalId":502388,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":"122 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141667456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identifying Goalkeeper Movement Timing from Single-Camera Broadcast Footage through Pose Estimation: A Pilot Study 通过姿势估计从单摄像机转播镜头中识别守门员移动时机：试点研究

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.3390/app14135961

Chethan Reddy, Woohyoung Jeon

{"title":"Identifying Goalkeeper Movement Timing from Single-Camera Broadcast Footage through Pose Estimation: A Pilot Study","authors":"Chethan Reddy, Woohyoung Jeon","doi":"10.3390/app14135961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135961","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores how open-source pose estimation can be utilized to identify goalkeeper dive initiation during soccer penalty kicks. The purpose of this study is to provide an accessible, low-cost heuristic methodology for identifying goalkeeper dive initiation. This study uses single-camera broadcast footage (1080 p resolution, 50 frames per second) of all 41 penalty shootout kicks attempted during the 2022 FIFA Men’s World Cup. We isolated each penalty kick and recorded the frames of goalkeeper dive initiation and flight. We then identified goalposts to create a homography matrix to account for camera movement and identified the goalkeeper’s skeletal keypoints through pose estimation. From these keypoints, we derived frontal plane kinematics for the torso and legs. We identified local extrema for each kinematic variable and isolated the last observed extrema prior to goalkeeper flight for each variable. Using OLS regression, we found that the last local extremum of the goalkeeper centroid’s y-value was the strongest predictor of labeled commitment to the dive side, with an R2 of 0.998 and a p-value of 0.00. The results of this research are preliminary but demonstrate the promise of pose estimation in identifying sport-specific action timing during live game play using a single camera.","PeriodicalId":502388,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":" 1005","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141668962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

DTAG: A Methodology for Aggregating Digital Twins Using WoTDT Ontology DTAG：使用 WoTDT 本体论聚合数字孪生的方法论

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.3390/app14135960

Salvador González-Gerpe, M. Poveda-Villalón, Raúl García-Castro

{"title":"DTAG: A Methodology for Aggregating Digital Twins Using WoTDT Ontology","authors":"Salvador González-Gerpe, M. Poveda-Villalón, Raúl García-Castro","doi":"10.3390/app14135960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135960","url":null,"abstract":"The advancement of digital twins (DTws) has been instrumental in various scientific and industrial domains, facilitating real-time monitoring, analysis, and optimisation of complex systems. However, it remains difficult to describe precisely the architectural models and their characteristics of DTws and the aggregation of lower-level DTws to higher-level DTws. This article introduces two contributions with the goal of addressing challenges in describing DTws architectures and aggregating DTws. Firstly, it presents the development of “WoTDT” (WoT digital twin) ontology, an extension of the W3C Web of Things descriptions ontology, designed to semantically describe the five-dimensional model architecture of DTws. This ontology enhances data interoperability and accessibility across dimensions, promoting a deeper understanding of DTws. Secondly, it introduces the “DTAG” (digital twin aggregation) methodology for aggregating multiple DTws into an unified DTw aggregate (DTwA). This methodology considers whether the DTws contain semantics or not and employs the WoTDT ontology to conceptualise the architecture and features of the resulting DTwA. Finally, an example of WoTDT ontology together with the DTAG methodology is shown in the context of the European H2020 construction-related project COGITO.","PeriodicalId":502388,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":"116 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141666572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatio-Temporal Variations in Soil Erosion and Its Driving Forces in the Loess Plateau from 2000 to 2050 Based on the RUSLE Model 基于 RUSLE 模型的 2000-2050 年黄土高原土壤侵蚀的时空变化及其驱动力

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.3390/app14135945

Jie Min, Xiaohuang Liu, Hongyu Li, Ran Wang, Xinping Luo

{"title":"Spatio-Temporal Variations in Soil Erosion and Its Driving Forces in the Loess Plateau from 2000 to 2050 Based on the RUSLE Model","authors":"Jie Min, Xiaohuang Liu, Hongyu Li, Ran Wang, Xinping Luo","doi":"10.3390/app14135945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135945","url":null,"abstract":"Assessing the spatio-temporal variability and driving forces of soil erosion on the Loess Plateau is critical for ecological and environmental management. In this paper, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model, the patch-generating land use simulation, and the Geographical Detector are used to investigate the spatio-temporal variations of the Loess Plateau’s soil erosion from 2000 to 2050. The results showed that: (1) The primary categories of soil erosion from 2000 to 2020 were moderate, mild, and slight, and the average level of soil erosion exhibited a decreasing and then an increasing tendency during the last 20 years. (2) Soil erosion was directly impacted by changes in land use, with cropland and forest being the primary land use and land cover changes in the study region. Cropland and construction land being turned into woodland between 2000 and 2020 resulted in a significant decrease in the severity of soil erosion. Projected soil erosion is expected to increase significantly between 2020 and 2050 due to arable land being converted into construction land. (3) The key variables impacting the spatial distribution of soil erosion were LUCC (Land-Use and Land-Cover Change), NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), and slope, and the interplay of these variables may increase their ability to explain soil erosion. Grasslands with an NDVI ranging from 0.9 to 1, rain ranging from 0.805 to 0.854 m, a slope above 35°, and a terrain elevation ranging from 1595 to 2559 m were identified as having a high risk of soil erosion. Soil erosion prevention and management efforts should focus on the ecological restoration of upland areas in the future.","PeriodicalId":502388,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":"115 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141666582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Galerkin Finite Element Method for the Reconstruction of a Time-Dependent Convection Coefficient and Source in a 1D Model of Magnetohydrodynamics 在一维磁流体力学模型中重建随时间变化的对流系数和源的伽勒金有限元方法

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.3390/app14135949

M. Koleva, L. Vulkov

引用次数: 0

Study on the Vibration Effects of Cyclic Blasting on Bridge Structures under Construction 循环爆破对施工中桥梁结构的振动影响研究

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.3390/app14135940

Yunhao Che, Enan Chi

引用次数: 0

Three-Dimensional Guidance Laws for Spacecraft Propelled by a SWIFT Propulsion System 由 SWIFT 推进系统推进的航天器的三维制导法则

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.3390/app14135944

A. Quarta

{"title":"Three-Dimensional Guidance Laws for Spacecraft Propelled by a SWIFT Propulsion System","authors":"A. Quarta","doi":"10.3390/app14135944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135944","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the optimal control law, in a three-dimensional (3D) heliocentric orbit transfer, of a spacecraft whose primary propulsion system is a Solar Wind Ion Focusing Thruster (SWIFT). A SWIFT is an interesting concept of a propellantless thruster, proposed ten years ago by Gemmer and Mazzoleni, which deflects, collects, and accelerates the charged particles of solar wind to generate thrust in the interplanetary space. To this end, the SWIFT uses a large conical structure made of thin metallic wires, which is positively charged with the aid of an electron gun. In this sense, a SWIFT can be considered as a sort of evolution of the Janhunen’s E-Sail, which also uses a (nominally flat) mesh of electrically charged tethers to deflect the solar wind stream. In the recent literature, the optimal performance of a SWIFT-based vehicle has been studied by assuming a coplanar orbit transfer and a two-dimensional scenario. The mathematical model proposed in this paper extends that result by discussing the optimal guidance laws in the general context of a 3D heliocentric transfer. In this regard, a number of different forms of the spacecraft state vectors are considered. The validity of the obtained optimal control law is tested in a simplified Earth–Venus and Earth–Mars transfer by comparing the simulation results with the literature data in terms of minimum flight time.","PeriodicalId":502388,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":"111 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141668069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the Analysis of Coverage Feedback in a Fuzzing Proprietary System 论模糊专有系统中的覆盖反馈分析

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.3390/app14135939

Daehee Jang, Jaemin Kim, Jiho Kim, Woohyeop Im, Minwoo Jeong, Byeongcheol Choi, Chongkyung Kil

引用次数: 0

Comparative Analysis of Tribological Behavior of 45 Steel under Intensive Quenching-High-Temperature Tempering and Queenching-Tempering Process 45 钢在强化淬火-高温回火和淬火-回火过程中的摩擦学行为对比分析

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.3390/app14135942

Xiyang Su, Xiaoshuo Zhu, Yudong Fu, Shichen Xiao, Yuchao Liu

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Tribological Behavior of 45 Steel under Intensive Quenching-High-Temperature Tempering and Queenching-Tempering Process","authors":"Xiyang Su, Xiaoshuo Zhu, Yudong Fu, Shichen Xiao, Yuchao Liu","doi":"10.3390/app14135942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135942","url":null,"abstract":"The intensive quenching process compared to traditional methods results in a lower quenching cracking tendency. The comprehensive mechanical properties of an intensive quenching workpiece has good advantages. In order to improve the performance and product quality of a 45 steel workpiece, the hardening–tempering treatment used in the traditional quenching process is replaced by an intensive quenching process. This study investigates the tribological properties of 45 steel and their differences and connection under the intensive quenching and high-temperature tempering process in comparison to when under the traditional hardening–tempering process. Both intensive quenching and tempering and hardening–tempering workpieces are composed of carburized particles and ferrite. Compared with hardening–tempering workpieces, intensive quenching and high-temperature tempering workpieces have a finer and more uniform microstructure and higher hardness, impact toughness, and yield strength. Wear tests show that intensive quenchingand tempered specimens have better wear resistance. At the same frequency, the coefficient of friction and relative wear rate of the intensive quenching and tempering specimens were lower than those of the hardening–tempering treatment, and the wear surface was flatter. The wear morphology shows that the main wear mechanisms of the intensive quenching and tempering workpieces and those of hardening–tempering are abrasive and adhesive wear, and that the main wear mechanism changes from adhesive wear to abrasive wear as the frequency increases.","PeriodicalId":502388,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":"118 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141666876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exoland Simulator, a Laboratory Device for Reflectance Spectral Analyses of Planetary Soil Analogs: Design and Simulation 用于行星土壤模拟物反射光谱分析的实验室设备--Exoland 模拟器：设计与模拟

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.3390/app14135954

Marco Dionigi, Silvia Logozzo, M. C. Valigi, Paola Comodi, Alessandro Pisello, Diego Perugini, M. Fastelli

{"title":"Exoland Simulator, a Laboratory Device for Reflectance Spectral Analyses of Planetary Soil Analogs: Design and Simulation","authors":"Marco Dionigi, Silvia Logozzo, M. C. Valigi, Paola Comodi, Alessandro Pisello, Diego Perugini, M. Fastelli","doi":"10.3390/app14135954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135954","url":null,"abstract":"In planetary science, visible (Vis) and near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectra allow deciphering the chemical/mineralogical composition of celestial bodies’ surfaces by comparison between remotely acquired data and laboratory references. This paper presents the design of an automated test rig named Exoland Simulator equipped with two reflectance spectrometers covering the 0.38–2.2 µm range. It is designed to collect data of natural/synthetic rocks and minerals prepared in the laboratory that simulate the composition of planetary surfaces. The structure of the test rig is conceived as a Cartesian robot to automatize the acquisition. The test rig is also tested by simulating some project trajectories, and results are presented in terms of its ability to reproduce the programmed trajectories. Furthermore, preliminary spectral data are shown to demonstrate how the soil analogs’ spectra could allow an accurate remote identification of materials, enabling the creation of libraries to study the effect of multiple chemical–physical component variations on individual spectral bands. Despite the primary scope of Exoland, it can be advantageously used also for tribological purposes, to correlate the wear behavior of soils and materials with their composition by also analyzing the wear scars.","PeriodicalId":502388,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":" 1292","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141669079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0