Weidong Jin, Zhehao Chen, Haihan Chen, Letian Di, Fengli Sun
{"title":"Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mood Stabilizers in the Treatment of Adolescent Patients With Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in China.","authors":"Weidong Jin, Zhehao Chen, Haihan Chen, Letian Di, Fengli Sun","doi":"10.4088/JCP.25r16158","DOIUrl":"10.4088/JCP.25r16158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) refers to deliberate, repeated acts of damaging one's own body tissue without suicidal intent. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the effectiveness of mood stabilizers in treating depressive adolescent patients with NSSI in China.</p><p><p><b>Data Sources:</b> Literature published before June 30, 2025, was included. Chinese databases searched included CBM (Chinese Biomedical Database), CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), WANFANG (Wanfang Database), and CSSCI (Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index); English databases included MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Searches used the following keywords: [Bipolar disorder OR depression OR NSSI] AND [Mood stabilizer OR Lithium OR Valproate OR Carbamazepine OR Oxcarbazepine OR Lamotrigine OR Antipsychotic OR Antidepressant].</p><p><p><b>Study Selection:</b> Chinese and English literature related to the treatment of NSSI with mood stabilizers in adolescent patients in China was searched. Editorials, comments, letters, reviews, and case reports were excluded. Randomized controlled trials conducted in China comparing mood stabilizer augmentation of basic therapy versus basic therapy alone for treating NSSI were included, and studies evaluating mood stabilizer treatment for NSSI using pre-post designs were also included. A total of 9 studies were included, 4 comparative studies by control group and 5 comparative studies of before and after treatment.</p><p><p><b>Data Extraction and Synthesis:</b> Indices of depression, anxiety, impulsivity, self-injury severity, and treatment response were synthesized and analyzed. Mean differences or standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for symptom change. Odds ratios and their 95% CIs were also used for binary outcomes.</p><p><p><b>Results:</b> Severity of anxiety, depression, impulsivity, and self-injury was significantly reduced following treatment with mood stabilizers. Compared to treatment without mood stabilizers, anxiety, depression, and self-injury were also significantly reduced, and the response rate was significantly improved in adolescents with depression and NSSI. The incidence of self-injury in these patients was significantly reduced by mood stabilizers.</p><p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> These results demonstrate the important role of mood stabilizers in treating NSSI and suggest that mood stabilization may be more critical than mere improvement of affective symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":50234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","volume":"87 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147976741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew van der Vaart, Jeffrey LaPratt, Kimberly Swartz, Audrey Shoultz, Margo Lauterbach, Trisha Suppes, Harold A Sackeim, Scott T Aaronson
{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of a Single Dose of Psilocybin for Chronic Suicidal Ideation: An Open-Label Trial.","authors":"Andrew van der Vaart, Jeffrey LaPratt, Kimberly Swartz, Audrey Shoultz, Margo Lauterbach, Trisha Suppes, Harold A Sackeim, Scott T Aaronson","doi":"10.4088/JCP.26m16338","DOIUrl":"10.4088/JCP.26m16338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and durability of a single 25-mg dose of a proprietary, synthetic formulation of psilocybin with psychological support for reducing chronic suicidal ideation in a treatment-resistant population.</p><p><p><b>Methods:</b> This was an open-label, single-arm study with a 12-week follow-up conducted between March 2022 and May 2025. Twenty adults with chronic suicidal ideation, major depressive disorder (<i>DSM-5</i>), and ≥2 prior antidepressant treatment failures received a single 25-mg dose of psilocybin administered within a structured preparatory and integration psychotherapy protocol. The primary outcome was change from baseline in the Modified Scale for Suicidal Ideation (MSSI) at week 3. Secondary outcomes included change in MSSI at weeks 1 and 12 and change in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores at weeks 1, 3, and 12. Outcomes were analyzed using 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons.</p><p><p><b>Results:</b> Significant reductions in MSSI scores were observed from baseline to week 3 (primary end point: mean difference [MD] = 13.95; 95% CI, 8.63-19.27; <i>P</i> < .001; <i>d</i> = 1.73). Improvements were rapid and durable, with significant reductions at week 1 (MD = 15.10; <i>P</i> < .001; <i>d</i> = 2.11) and week 12 (MD = 13.00; <i>P</i> < .001; <i>d</i> = 1.46). By week 12, 70% (n=14) of participants achieved MSSI ≤2. MADRS scores showed similar significant reductions at all postbaseline time points (MD range: 17.55-20.50; all <i>P</i> < .001; <i>d</i> = 1.63-1.97). No serious adverse events occurred.</p><p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> In this open-label single-arm study of adults with chronic suicidal ideation and prior treatment failures, a single administration of psilocybin with psychological support was associated with rapid, large-magnitude, and durable reductions in suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms through 12 weeks. These preliminary findings support further evaluation in larger randomized controlled trials.</p><p><p><b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05220410.</p>","PeriodicalId":50234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","volume":"87 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147950276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leslie Citrome, Karimah S Bell Lynum, Zhen Zhang, Norman Atkins, Anne M Hutson Walker, Murat Yildirim
{"title":"Aripiprazole Once-Monthly for Patients Diagnosed With Schizophrenia: Number Needed to Treat, Number Needed to Harm, and Likelihood to be Helped or Harmed.","authors":"Leslie Citrome, Karimah S Bell Lynum, Zhen Zhang, Norman Atkins, Anne M Hutson Walker, Murat Yildirim","doi":"10.4088/JCP.26m16359","DOIUrl":"10.4088/JCP.26m16359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> This post hoc analysis assessed the benefit-risk of aripiprazole once-monthly 400 mg (AOM 400) as acute and long-term maintenance treatment for patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, based on number needed to treat (NNT), number needed to harm (NNH), and likelihood to be helped or harmed (LHH).</p><p><p><b>Methods:</b> Data were derived from 2 studies that evaluated efficacy and safety/tolerability of AOM 400 versus placebo in an acute or maintenance setting. Main efficacy outcomes were ≥30% reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score (acute treatment) and patients free from impending relapse (maintenance treatment); main safety/tolerability outcome was incidence of patient discontinuation due to treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). NNT, NNH, and LHH were calculated using standard methods.</p><p><p><b>Results:</b> In the acute study, 60/167 AOM 400 recipients (37.0%) versus 24/168 placebo recipients (14.4%) had a ≥30% reduction in PANSS total score at week 10 (NNT=5 [95% confidence interval (CI), 4-8]). Corresponding values for avoidance of impending relapse in the maintenance study (median observation time: 113 days) were 242/269 (90.0%) versus 81/134 (60.4%) (NNT=4 [95% CI, 3-5]). Discontinuations due to TEAEs were lower with AOM 400 versus placebo in both studies, resulting in negative NNH values. Calculated LHH values were 200 (acute treatment) and 250 (maintenance treatment), indicating a higher likelihood to be helped than harmed with AOM 400.</p><p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> Data demonstrate a favorable benefit-risk profile for AOM 400 versus placebo in the acute and maintenance treatment of schizophrenia.</p><p><p><b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT01663532 and NCT00705783.</p>","PeriodicalId":50234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","volume":"87 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147950294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nand Kumar, Shiv Prasad, M V Padma Srivastava, M Kalaivani, Maria Madiha, Vaibhav Patil, Manoj Kumar
{"title":"Effects of Experimental Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation on Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: A Double-Blind Sham-Controlled Study.","authors":"Nand Kumar, Shiv Prasad, M V Padma Srivastava, M Kalaivani, Maria Madiha, Vaibhav Patil, Manoj Kumar","doi":"10.4088/JCP.25m16093","DOIUrl":"10.4088/JCP.25m16093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Negative symptoms remain among the most debilitating and treatment-resistant features of schizophrenia. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, particularly intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), is emerging as a promising intervention targeting these domains.</p><p><p><b>Objective:</b> This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of experimental iTBS applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in ameliorating negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.</p><p><p><b>Methods:</b> In a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled design, patients with schizophrenia (active group = 71) received daily sessions of experimental iTBS or sham stimulation (sham group = 70) over the left DLPFC for 3 weeks. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, with a focus on the negative subscale. Patients were diagnosed based on <i>ICD-10</i> clinical criteria.</p><p><p><b>Results:</b> Compared to sham, active experimental iTBS did not result in statistically significant improvements in negative symptoms at posttreatment or follow-up. However, the results indicate that experimental iTBS is a safe and well-tolerated intervention with minor adverse effects.</p><p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Consistent with several recent large-scale trials and meta-analyses, the findings suggest limited efficacy of experimental iTBS over the left DLPFC for negative symptoms. Future research may investigate alternative stimulation targets, protocols, or combined interventions to enhance treatment outcomes in this population.</p><p><p><b>Trial Registration:</b> Clinical Trial Registry-India (CTRI) identifier: CTRI/2019/05 019099.</p>","PeriodicalId":50234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","volume":"87 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147950273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel T Wilkinson, Brandon M Kitay, Matthew Macaluso, Mia C Santucci, Kristina Kumpf, Cindy Voghell, Lauren Astorino, Rachel Hershenberg, Valeria Martinez-Kaigi, Tiffany Nowell, Michael E Thase, Gerard Sanacora, T Greg Rhee
{"title":"Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Following Esketamine for Major Depression and Suicidal Ideation for Relapse Prevention: The CBT-ENDURE Randomized Trial.","authors":"Samuel T Wilkinson, Brandon M Kitay, Matthew Macaluso, Mia C Santucci, Kristina Kumpf, Cindy Voghell, Lauren Astorino, Rachel Hershenberg, Valeria Martinez-Kaigi, Tiffany Nowell, Michael E Thase, Gerard Sanacora, T Greg Rhee","doi":"10.4088/JCP.25m16285","DOIUrl":"10.4088/JCP.25m16285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Suicide is a public health crisis in the US, with limited evidence demonstrating efficacy of treatments for high-risk patients due in part to their exclusion from most clinical trials. This clinical trial evaluates the feasibility and efficacy of adjunctive cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with esketamine in patients with major depression and suicidal ideation (MDSI).</p><p><p><b>Methods:</b> Treatment-seeking patients (57 inpatients; 36 outpatients) with major depressive disorder (<i>DSM-5</i> criteria) and suicidal ideation were randomized (1:1) to receive esketamine plus a 16-week course of CBT or esketamine plus treatment as usual (TAU) alone. The starting dose of esketamine was 84 mg in both groups. The primary outcome was feasibility, with a key secondary outcome being improvement in suicidal ideation. CBT consisted of traditional one-on-one therapy sessions and a computer-assisted program to facilitate psychoeducation and attainment of skills. Enrollment occurred between March 2021 and May 2025.</p><p><p><b>Outcomes:</b> Ninety-three subjects were randomized with a 72% study completion rate, demonstrating feasibility (primary outcome) by meeting recruitment goals of 80% of the targeted enrollment and 70% of retention through study end point. Change in suicidal ideation from baseline through week 18 (a key secondary outcome), based on the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI), Clinician Global Improvement Scale for Suicide Severity (CGI-S), and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), favored the CBT group over the TAU group (BSSI mean difference of -1.91, 95% CI -3.57 to -0.24, <i>P</i>=.025; CGI-S mean difference of -0.33, 95% CI -0.58 to -0.08, <i>P</i>=.011; MADRS mean difference of -3.77, 95% CI -6.62 to -0.93, <i>P</i>=.009). No difference between groups was observed in the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale score, MADRS-SI score, or suicide-related events.</p><p><p><b>Interpretation:</b> This study demonstrates the feasibility and the effectiveness of combining CBT with esketamine to reduce SI and prevent relapse in patients with MDSI.</p><p><p><b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04760652.</p>","PeriodicalId":50234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","volume":"87 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Patient Perspective on Tardive Dyskinesia.","authors":"Nina R Schooler","doi":"10.4088/JCP.26com16440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.26com16440","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","volume":"87 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morgan Bron, Susan D Mathias, Donald E Stull, Hui Zhang, Michelle Turner, Eduardo Dunayevich, Ashok Parameswaran, Dawn Vanderhoef, M Mercedes Perez-Rodriguez, Christoph U Correll
{"title":"Measuring What Matters: Further Validation for the Tardive Dyskinesia Impact Scale, a Novel Patient-Reported Outcome Measure in Valbenazine Clinical Trials.","authors":"Morgan Bron, Susan D Mathias, Donald E Stull, Hui Zhang, Michelle Turner, Eduardo Dunayevich, Ashok Parameswaran, Dawn Vanderhoef, M Mercedes Perez-Rodriguez, Christoph U Correll","doi":"10.4088/JCP.25nr16047","DOIUrl":"10.4088/JCP.25nr16047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Importance:</b> Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a persistent, potentially disabling, medication-induced movement disorder that has been underrecognized. Involuntary movements in TD have a substantial impact beyond movement on individuals with TD. To quantify TD impact and burden, the Tardive Dyskinesia Impact Scale (TDIS), a new, TD-specific, fit-for-purpose patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure, was developed. Objectives were to examine how TDIS contributes to understanding of TD burden and use of clinician-reported outcomes (ClinROs) and other PROs in clinical trials assessing effects of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitors on TD. TDIS analyses included assessment of correlations between TDIS and other clinical outcome assessments (PROs and ClinROs), estimation of the minimal clinically importance difference (MCID), and description of the change in TDIS individual items longitudinally and via item response theory.</p><p><p><b>Observations:</b> In KINECT trials, TDIS followed a similar trajectory to Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. An MCID of 4 points in TDIS was considered clinically meaningful. Item-level analyses showed that TDIS is reliable and precise for individual items. Most improved items in longitudinal analyses were self-consciousness (mean change: -1.24), embarrassment (-1.19), unwanted attention (-1.00), and mouth noises (-1.05), which exceeded the empirically derived item-level threshold for meaningful change (≥0.8). TDIS showed moderate correlation with treatment response as measured by Patient's Global Impression of Change (<i>r</i>=0.30) and Clinician's Global Impression of Change (<i>r</i>=0.34) scores.</p><p><p><b>Conclusions and Relevance:</b> TDIS is the only disease-specific PRO that has been validated in individuals with TD and complements ClinROs and other PROs by providing a comprehensive picture of TD impact beyond movement symptoms and can measure potential benefit of TD treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":50234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","volume":"87 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erin Curran, Morgan Hardy, Rachel Katz, Taeho Greg Rhee, Samuel T Wilkinson
{"title":"Concurrent SSRI, SNRI, or Other Antidepressant Use Not Associated With Differential Outcomes in Ketamine or Esketamine Treatment.","authors":"Erin Curran, Morgan Hardy, Rachel Katz, Taeho Greg Rhee, Samuel T Wilkinson","doi":"10.4088/JCP.25br16294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.25br16294","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","volume":"87 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Catatonia as a Case Study in Psychiatric Decision-Making.","authors":"Rachel L MacLean, Joseph B Stoklosa","doi":"10.4088/JCP.26ac16389","DOIUrl":"10.4088/JCP.26ac16389","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","volume":"87 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Umbricht, Markus Abt, Michael Derks, Maria-Clemencia Hernandez, Nikhat Parkar, Diana Negron, Annette Koerner, Stefan Holiga, Celia Goeldner
{"title":"A Phase 2b Multicenter Study to Evaluate Basmisanil as an Adjunctive Treatment in Patients With Cognitive Impairment Associated With Schizophrenia.","authors":"Daniel Umbricht, Markus Abt, Michael Derks, Maria-Clemencia Hernandez, Nikhat Parkar, Diana Negron, Annette Koerner, Stefan Holiga, Celia Goeldner","doi":"10.4088/JCP.25m16022","DOIUrl":"10.4088/JCP.25m16022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS) is a key driver of functional deficits in patients with this disorder. CIAS may involve deficient NMDA receptor-dependent neurotransmission. Negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A (GABA<sub>A</sub>) α5 receptors enhance their activity and improve cognition in rodents and nonhuman primates. We tested whether prolonged treatment with basmisanil-a selective GABA<sub>A </sub>α5 NAM-improved CIAS.</p><p><p><b>Methods:</b> This 24-week placebo-controlled phase 2b study in patients with CIAS diagnosed according to <i>DSM-5</i> was conducted between November 2016 and December 2019. Two hundred thirteen patients were randomized to 80 mg of basmisanil, 240 mg of basmisanil, or placebo twice a day. Recruitment into the 80 mg group was stopped after a planned futility analysis. The primary outcome was the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) neurocognitive composite score evaluated in the efficacy analysis population (EAP) in the placebo (n=76) and basmisanil 240 mg arms only (n=77, total EAP n=153). Secondary outcome measures included specific hippocampal and prefrontal-dependent cognitive tasks, functional outcomes, and symptoms. Novel study design features addressing potential sources of heterogeneity in drug response and learning and practice effects included stratification by cognitive trajectories and age as well as repeated administration of the MCCB test battery during screening.</p><p><p><b>Results:</b> Twenty-four weeks of treatment with basmisanil was well tolerated without improving cognitive or functional measures overall or in any of the stratified subgroups. Practice and learning effects were not observed at week 12.</p><p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> Basmisanil did not improve cognitive deficits. Although unsuccessful, some results offer insight into important factors that should facilitate the design of more informative trials.</p><p><p><b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02953639.</p>","PeriodicalId":50234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","volume":"87 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}