Journal of Clinical Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"One-Day Online Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for the Prevention of Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Zoe Boland, Nancy Lloyd, Jaslyn Drage, Jesus Serrano-Lomelin, Peter Bieling, David Streiner, Ryan J Van Lieshout","doi":"10.4088/JCP.24m15674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.24m15674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p></p><p><p><b>Background:</b> Postpartum depression (PPD) affects up to 1 in 5 birthing parents and is associated with more future depressive episodes. We aimed to determine if PPD could be prevented with online 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based workshops.</p><p><p><b>Methods:</b> This randomized controlled trial enrolled pregnant persons at 28-38 weeks gestation at increased risk for PPD, living in Ontario and free of current <i>DSM-5</i> major depressive disorder (MDD). Participants received the workshop plus treatment as usual (TAU; experimental group) or TAU alone (control group). We assessed MDD diagnosis, levels of PPD symptoms, anxiety, social support, mother-infant relationship, and infant temperament at 1, 2, and 3 months postpartum. The primary outcome was MDD at 3 months postpartum assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview.</p><p><p><b>Results:</b> Since <10% of participants developed MDD, trial recruitment was stopped early. Data were collected up to 2 months postpartum in those already enrolled. Among these participants (n = 124), reductions in Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores were seen in the experimental group at 2 months but were not statistically significant (<i>P</i> = .06). Higher risk participants (baseline EPDS ≥7) in the experimental group showed larger, statistically significant reductions (<i>P</i><.05) in PPD and anxiety at 2 months postpartum.</p><p><p><b>Limitations:</b> Eligibility criteria resulted in a sample that did not develop MDD at rates high enough to continue the trial and limited study statistical power.</p><p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Definitive conclusions regarding the effectiveness of online 1-day workshops for preventing PPD are not possible, but these results may warrant future testing with a higher risk sample.</p><p><p><b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05753176.</p>","PeriodicalId":50234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","volume":"86 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autism Spectrum Disorder, 1: Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors.","authors":"Chittaranjan Andrade","doi":"10.4088/JCP.25f15878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.25f15878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has quadrupled during the past 3 decades; the reasons for this are many and include broadening of the diagnostic concept, increased awareness of the disorder, increased screening (including of adults and of girl children), and, possibly, increased exposure to environmental risk factors. This article examines genetic and especially environmental risk factors for ASD. Unsurprisingly, hundreds of potential genes have been identified, many of which overlap between ASD, schizophrenia, depression, and cardiometabolic disorders. Likewise, over a hundred environmental exposures have been associated with ASD risk. These include exposure to parental and family characteristics, exposure to maternal disorders arising during pregnancy, exposure to chronic maternal disorders present during pregnancy, exposure to fetal and other pregnancy-related problems/events, exposure to neonatal problems/events, exposure to maternal nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy, maternal exposure to substances during pregnancy, maternal exposure to pharmacological agents during pregnancy, in utero exposure to toxic substances, and early life exposure to toxic substances. Some of the risk factors identified may be causal, some may be markers of intermediary mechanisms, and some may be unrelated markers. About 40 of these risk factors have been confirmed in meta-analysis for association with ASD. Nearly 70 maternal diagnoses have also been associated with ASD, but, after correcting for false discovery error and shared risk, only 30 remain; and, of these 30, almost all may be explained by genetic and environmental risk factors shared between mother and child, judging from findings in discordant sibling pair and paternal negative control analyses. Caveats and nuances in the interpretation of risks are briefly discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","volume":"86 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144051116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits and Risks of New Tests for Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Maxwell Z Price, Gary W Small","doi":"10.4088/JCP.25com15837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.25com15837","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","volume":"86 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appetite Hormone Regulation Biotypes of Major Affective Disorders in Proinflammatory Cytokines and Executive Function.","authors":"Ju-Wei Hsu, Wei-Chen Lin, Ya-Mei Bai, Shih-Jen Tsai, Mu-Hong Chen","doi":"10.4088/JCP.24m15561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.24m15561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Backgrounds:</b> Evidence indicates that appetite hormones, namely, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin, play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of major affective disorders. However, whether appetite hormone regulation biotypes differ among patients with major affective disorders remains unclear.</p><p><p><b>Methods:</b> A total of 501 patients with major affective disorders (278 with bipolar disorder and 223 with major depressive disorder) were enrolled between 2018 and 2022 and clustered into biotype groups on the basis of fasting insulin, leptin, and adiponectin levels. Major affective disorder diagnoses were based on the criteria of the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,</i> Fifth Edition. All participants underwent the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and proinflammatory cytokine assessment.</p><p><p><b>Results:</b> A k-means cluster analysis identified 3 biotype groups based on appetite hormone levels: a high insulin/ leptin and low adiponectin group, a low insulin/leptin and high adiponectin group, and an intermediate group. The high insulin/leptin and low adiponectin group exhibited poorer performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and had higher C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α levels than did the other biotype groups after adjusting for diagnosis, body mass index, clinical symptoms, and psychotropic medication use.</p><p><p><b>Discussion:</b> This study identified 3 appetite hormone regulation biotypes among patients with major affective disorders. These biotypes were associated with proinflammatory cytokine profiles and executive function.</p>","PeriodicalId":50234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","volume":"86 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Appetite Hormones and Their Association With Mood Disorders Illustrates the Current Limitations of Psychiatric Diagnosis.","authors":"David Mischoulon","doi":"10.4088/JCP.25com15802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.25com15802","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","volume":"86 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectories of Irritability Improvement in Depressed Adolescents Treated With 1 Hz and 10 Hz Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.","authors":"Karina Delaney, Paul A Nakonezny, Dicle Buyuktaskin, Lucero Sangster Carrasco, Arjun P Athreya, Magdalena Romanowicz, Julia Shekunov, Jennifer L Vande Voort, Paul E Croarkin","doi":"10.4088/JCP.24m15684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.24m15684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Irritability is a debilitating, transdiagnostic symptom in adolescents spanning internalizing and externalizing disorders, and early reduction in irritability with antidepressant treatments has been seen as a positive prognostic sign in depression recovery. There are substantial knowledge gaps regarding how transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatments impact irritability.</p><p><p><b>Methods:</b> This exploratory study sought to investigate the relationship between irritability and depressive symptoms in adolescents with a <i>DSM-5</i> diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) undergoing treatment with 2 different doses of TMS. Participants aged 12-18 years (N = 41) underwent 6 weeks of treatment (30 sessions) in a double-blind, randomized trial of 1 Hz vs. 10 Hz TMS for the treatment of MDD. The clinical trial was conducted from September 24, 2018, through March 3, 2023. A linear mixed model was used to assess the change in irritability (assessed with item 8 on the Children's Depression Rating Scale Revised) throughout the treatment course, and a logistic regression was implemented to examine the relationship between early (week 4) irritability improvements and a posttreatment Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) score.</p><p><p><b>Results:</b> Irritability significantly improved during the course of TMS treatments in conjunction with overall depression improvement across the 6 week trial for the 1 Hz TMS group (<i>P</i> = .0120, <i>d</i> =0.381) and for the 10 Hz TMS group (<i>P</i> = .0288, <i>d</i> = 0.331). There was a significant negative (inverse) relationship between the change in irritability symptoms and CGI-I response for the 10 Hz TMS group (δ log odds = -1.5474, SE = 0.7343, <i>P</i> = .0351) and for the 1 Hz TMS group (δ log odds = -1.2852, SE = 0.5656, <i>P</i> = .0231).</p><p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> These results suggest that irritability is an important correlate of disease severity and predictor of treatment response for MDD in adolescents, replicating similar results found in trials using antidepressant medications. Future research should focus on incorporating assessments of irritability into clinical decision-making and intervention discovery for transdiagnostic symptoms of irritability in youth and adolescents.</p><p><p><b>Clinical Trial Registration:</b> Data used in this secondary analysis came from ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03363919.</p>","PeriodicalId":50234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","volume":"86 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Older Adults Visiting Emergency Departments for Mental Health Issues: A CHIRPP Database Study.","authors":"Maïna Laforce, Valérie Boucher, Ann-Pier Gagnon, Pier-Alexandre Tardif, Axel Benhamed, Pierre-Gilles Blanchard, Marcel Emond, François Poirier, Eric Mercier","doi":"10.4088/JCP.24m15516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.24m15516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> To describe the characteristics, clinical trajectories, and disposition of older adults consulting in the emergency department (ED) for mental health issues. The secondary objective was to explore the impact of age, sex, and living environment on those patients' clinical care and disposition.</p><p><p><b>Methods:</b> This registry study included data from 5 Canadian EDs. Patients were included if they were aged ≥65 years and consulting in the ED between March 1, 2020, and March 31, 2021, for mental health issues. Relative risks (RRs) were obtained using a modified Poisson regression model, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with a robust variance estimator.</p><p><p><b>Results:</b> 1,673 patients were included. The mean ±SD age was 75.2±8.1 years; 58.8% were female, and 87.4% had a prior history of mental health issues. Suicidal ideations (40.8%) and neurocognitive disorders (31.8%) were the most frequent diagnostic impressions. 52.0% were assessed by a psychiatrist, and 49.9% were discharged from the ED. Males were at higher risk of neurocognitive (RR: 1.16 [95% CI, 1.01-1.32]) and substance use disorders (RR: 1.54 [95% CI, 1.19-1.99]). Patients aged ≥85 were more likely to be physically/chemically restrained and less likely to be assessed by psychiatry and hospitalized (RR: 1.69 [95% CI, 1.14-2.50], RR: 0.62 [95% CI, 0.52-0.74], RR: 0.73 [95% CI, 0.57-0.95]).</p><p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> This study highlights that most older ED patients consulting for mental health issues had a prior history of such issues. A psychiatrist assessed most patients, but those aged ≥85 were less likely to be assessed or hospitalized, yet more likely to be restrained. These results should be considered when designing targeted investigations to meet the complex needs of this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":50234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","volume":"86 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining Ketamine Infusions and Written Exposure Therapy for Chronic PTSD: An Open-Label Trial.","authors":"Adriana Feder, Oneysha Brown, Sarah B Rutter, Leah Cahn, Jessica R Overbey, Saren H Seeley, Alex Yu, Philip A Bonanno, Rachel A Fremont, Andrew A Delgado, Manish K Jha, Sara Costi, Rachel Yehuda, Daniela Schiller, Robert H Pietrzak, Dennis S Charney, Denise M Sloan, James W Murrough","doi":"10.4088/JCP.24m15622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.24m15622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> This open-label clinical trial examined the preliminary efficacy of combining a course of 6 ketamine infusions with a brief, evidence-based exposure-based psychotherapy-written exposure therapy (WET)-in patients with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).</p><p><p><b>Methods:</b> The trial was conducted between June 2021 and October 2023. Patients with chronic PTSD and high-moderate to severe symptom levels received 6 intravenous ketamine infusions (0.5 mg/kg), 3 times a week for 2 consecutive weeks, plus 5 WET sessions over 2 weeks, beginning after the first 4 infusions and administered on different days than infusion days. The primary outcome was change in the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for <i>DSM-5</i> (CAPS-5) scores from baseline (before the first infusion) to 12 weeks from start of WET (\"Week 12\").</p><p><p><b>Results:</b> Fourteen eligible patients began treatment, and 13 completed all infusions and WET. The combined treatment was associated with large-magnitude improvement in PTSD symptom severity from baseline (mean CAPS 5 = 41.6 [SD = 6.2]) to Week 12 (CAPS 5 = 20.8 [14.8], Cohen <i>d</i> [95% CI] = 1.9 [1.0-2.8], <i>P</i> < .001). Nine (69%) patients were treatment responders (≥30% improvement on the CAPS-5). Response was rapid and also durable in 8 (61.5%) patients, assessed up to 6 months from baseline.</p><p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Preliminary findings from this open-label clinical trial suggest that the combined treatment may yield large magnitude and durable reductions in PTSD symptoms for patients with more severe chronic PTSD. Large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the efficacy and potential synergistic effect of this promising combined treatment in this patient population.</p><p><p><b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04889664.</p>","PeriodicalId":50234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","volume":"86 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Parental Severe Mental Disorders on All-Cause and Suicide Mortalities in Adolescents and Young Adults With Major Depressive Disorder.","authors":"Shih-Jen Tsai, Chih-Ming Cheng, Wen-Han Chang, Ya-Mei Bai, Tung-Ping Su, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Mu-Hong Chen","doi":"10.4088/JCP.24m15476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.24m15476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with both all cause and suicide mortality in young adults. However, the effects of parental severe mental disorders (SMDs), such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD, alcohol use disorder (AUD), and substance use disorder, on the risks of all-cause and suicide mortality in adolescents and young adults with MDD remain unclear.</p><p><p><b>Methods:</b> We retrospectively evaluated the incidence of all-cause and suicide mortality (2001-2011) in 196,000 adolescents (age: 10-17 years) and young adults (age: 18-29 years) with MDD. We investigated associations between parental SMDs and all-cause and suicide mortality among patients with MDD using Cox regression analyses. In addition, we assessed the additive effects of paternal and maternal SMDs on the mortality risk of depressed offspring.</p><p><p><b>Results:</b> Our findings revealed that all cause mortality in offspring was associated with paternal AUD (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.66) as well as maternal schizophrenia (HR: 2.77), bipolar disorder (HR: 1.99), and MDD (HR: 1.25). Furthermore, suicide mortality in offspring was associated with maternal schizophrenia (HR: 4.36) and bipolar disorder (HR: 4.01). Notably, the risk of suicide mortality was the highest in offspring with paternal bipolar disorder and maternal MDD (HR: 7.31).</p><p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> Parental SMDs such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD, and AUD are associated with all-cause and suicide mortality in adolescents and young adults with MDD. Optimizing support systems and prioritizing early interventions for parental mental health problems may help reduce the risks of suicide and premature death in young patients with MDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":50234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","volume":"86 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xanomeline and Trospium Chloride for the Treatment of Agitation Associated With Schizophrenia: PANSS-Excited Component Results From 3 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled EMERGENT Trials.","authors":"Paul P Yeung, Alan Breier, Haiyuan Zhu, Inder Kaul, Ronald N Marcus","doi":"10.4088/JCP.24m15668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.24m15668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To further characterize the efficacy of oral xanomeline and trospium chloride in the treatment of agitation associated with schizophrenia.</p><p><p><b>Methods:</b> Analyses were performed on the change from baseline of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-Excited Component (PANSS-EC; composed of excitement, tension, hostility, uncooperativeness, and poor impulse control items) data from the 5-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, inpatient EMERGENT-1, EMERGENT-2, and EMERGENT-3 trials of xanomeline/trospium in adults with schizophrenia with a recent worsening of psychosis requiring hospitalization. The 3 trials met the primary endpoint of reduction from baseline to week 5 in PANSS total score. Data were analyzed from individual studies and were also pooled.</p><p><p><b>Results:</b> The population comprised 640 participants from the pivotal trials which were conducted from September 2018 to December 2022. PANSS-EC scores were significantly reduced with xanomeline/trospium vs placebo at week 5 across all 3 EMERGENT trials. In EMERGENT-1, xanomeline/trospium (n = 83) was statistically significantly superior (Cohen's <i>d</i> =0.62, <i>P</i> = .0002) to placebo (n = 87) in improvement (decrease) of PANSS-EC score at week 5. In EMERGENT-2, xanomeline/trospium (n = 117) was significantly superior (<i>d</i> = 0.43, <i>P</i> = .0026) to placebo (n = 119) at week 5. In EMERGENT-3, xanomeline/ trospium (n = 114) was significantly superior (<i>d</i> = 0.62, <i>P</i> < .0001) to placebo (n = 120) at week 5. Pooled results were consistent with the individual trials.</p><p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> Xanomeline/trospium showed improvement in agitation as measured by PANSS-EC in participants with acute exacerbations of schizophrenia. Xanomeline/trospium is the first in a new class of treatments for schizophrenia based on muscarinic receptor agonism.</p><p><p><b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT03697252, NCT04659161, NCT04738123.</p>","PeriodicalId":50234,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","volume":"86 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}