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Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics最新文献

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Assessing the Decision-Making Capabilities of Artificial Intelligence Platforms as Institutional Review Board Members. 评估人工智能平台作为机构审查委员会成员的决策能力。
IF 1.7 4区 哲学
Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1177/15562646241263200
Kannan Sridharan, Gowri Sivaramakrishnan
{"title":"Assessing the Decision-Making Capabilities of Artificial Intelligence Platforms as Institutional Review Board Members.","authors":"Kannan Sridharan, Gowri Sivaramakrishnan","doi":"10.1177/15562646241263200","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15562646241263200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Institutional review boards (IRBs) face delays in reviewing research proposals, underscoring the need for optimized standard operating procedures (SOPs). This study assesses the abilities of three artificial intelligence (AI) platforms to address IRB challenges and draft essential SOPs. <b>Methods:</b> An observational study was conducted using three AI platforms in 10 case studies reflecting IRB functions, focusing on creating SOPs. The accuracy of the AI outputs was assessed against good clinical practice (GCP) guidelines. <b>Results:</b> The AI tools identified GCP issues, offered guidance on GCP violations, detected conflicts of interest and SOP deficiencies, recognized vulnerable populations, and suggested expedited review criteria. They also drafted SOPs with some differences. <b>Conclusion:</b> AI platforms could aid IRB decision-making and improve review efficiency. However, human oversight remains critical for ensuring the accuracy of AI-generated solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50211,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Australian Attitudes Towards Waivers of Consent Within the Context of Genomic Data Sharing. 澳大利亚人对基因组数据共享背景下放弃同意的态度。
IF 1.7 4区 哲学
Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/15562646241261848
Lyndsay Newett, Rebekah McWhirter, Lisa Eckstein, Vanessa Warren, Dianne Nicol
{"title":"Australian Attitudes Towards Waivers of Consent Within the Context of Genomic Data Sharing.","authors":"Lyndsay Newett, Rebekah McWhirter, Lisa Eckstein, Vanessa Warren, Dianne Nicol","doi":"10.1177/15562646241261848","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15562646241261848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research identifies the circumstances in which Human Research Ethics Committees (HRECs) are trusted by Australians to approve the use of genomic data - without express consent - and considers the impact of genomic data sharing settings, and respondent attributes, on public trust. Survey results (<i>N</i> = 3013) show some circumstances are more conducive to public trust than others, with waivers endorsed when future research is beneficial and when privacy is protected, but receiving less support in other instances. Still, results imply attitudes are influenced by more than these specific circumstances, with different data sharing settings, and participant attributes, affecting views. Ultimately, this research raises questions and concerns in relation to the criteria HRECs use when authorising waivers of consent in Australia.</p>","PeriodicalId":50211,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11298119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of a Training Program on Gender Mainstreaming in Health Research Evaluation at the Senegalese National Research Ethics Committee. 塞内加尔国家研究伦理委员会健康研究评估中的性别主流化培训项目评估。
IF 1.7 4区 哲学
Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1177/15562646241238816
Guillermo Z Martínez-Pérez, Carme Campoy Guerrero, Brigitte Bagnol, Samba Cor Sarr, El Hadji Mamadou Mbaye, Ousmane Diouf, El Hadji Ibrahima Touré, Viviane Mbengue, Oumy Ndiaye, Farah Nabil
{"title":"Evaluation of a Training Program on Gender Mainstreaming in Health Research Evaluation at the Senegalese National Research Ethics Committee.","authors":"Guillermo Z Martínez-Pérez, Carme Campoy Guerrero, Brigitte Bagnol, Samba Cor Sarr, El Hadji Mamadou Mbaye, Ousmane Diouf, El Hadji Ibrahima Touré, Viviane Mbengue, Oumy Ndiaye, Farah Nabil","doi":"10.1177/15562646241238816","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15562646241238816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health research must be of high ethical and scientific quality and consider the needs and experiences of women, men, and nonbinary individuals. National Research Ethics Committees (RECs) are in a strategic position to impede sex- and gender-blind research. In 2020 and 2021, training programs on gender mainstreaming and sex and gender approaches in research evaluation were launched in Senegal. They were evaluated through a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods. Knowledge acquisition was 16.67%, 8.54%, and 28.42% for the trainees of 2021, 2020, and those who attended the training in both years, respectively. Gender mainstreaming was reported as pertinent in research ethics by 74% of participants. This training is expected to catalyze gender-transformative research ethics in West Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":50211,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140144496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Balancing Ethics and Culture: A Scoping Review of Ethico-Cultural and Implementation Challenges of the Individual-Based Consent Model in African Research. 平衡伦理与文化：关于非洲研究中基于个人的同意模式的伦理-文化和实施挑战的范围审查》。
IF 1.7 4区 哲学
Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1177/15562646241237669
Richard Appiah, Giuseppe Raviola, Benedict Weobong
{"title":"Balancing Ethics and Culture: A Scoping Review of Ethico-Cultural and Implementation Challenges of the Individual-Based Consent Model in African Research.","authors":"Richard Appiah, Giuseppe Raviola, Benedict Weobong","doi":"10.1177/15562646241237669","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15562646241237669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> This review explores the ethico-cultural and implementation challenges associated with the individual-based informed consent (IC) model in the relatively collectivistic African context and examines suggested approaches to manage them. <b>Methods:</b> We searched four databases for peer-reviewed studies published in English between 2000 to 2023 that examined the ethico-cultural and implementation challenges associated with the IC model in Africa. <b>Results:</b> Findings suggest that the individual-based IC model largely misaligns with certain African social values and ethos and subverts the authority and functions of community gatekeepers. Three recommendations were proffered to manage these challenges, that researchers should: adopt a multi-step approach to IC, conduct a rapid ethical assessment, and generate an African-centered IC model. <b>Conclusions:</b> A pluriversal, context-specific, multi-step IC model that critically harmonizes the cultural values of the local population and the general principles of IC can minimize ethics dumping, safeguard the integrity of the research process, and promote respectful engagement.</p>","PeriodicalId":50211,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11298123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140144495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Ethics of Using Artificial Intelligence in Qualitative Research. 在定性研究中使用人工智能的伦理。
IF 1.7 4区 哲学
Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1177/15562646241262659
David T Marshall, David B Naff
{"title":"The Ethics of Using Artificial Intelligence in Qualitative Research.","authors":"David T Marshall, David B Naff","doi":"10.1177/15562646241262659","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15562646241262659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial Intelligence (AI) and other large language models are rapidly infiltrating the world of education and educational research. These new technological developments raise questions about use and ethics throughout the world of educational research, particularly for qualitative methods given the philosophical and structural foundations of its associated designs. This paper seeks to interrogate the perceived ethics around the use of AI in qualitative research and draws on survey data from qualitative researchers (<i>n</i> = 101) collected from April-May 2023. Findings indicate that researchers were more apt to embrace the use of AI for transcription purposes, and to a lesser extent for preliminary coding. Researchers from high research productivity (R1) universities were generally less accepting of AI's use in the research process than other researchers.</p>","PeriodicalId":50211,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141332391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contraception Requirements in Clinical Research Consent Forms: Assessing and Supporting Gender Inclusive Practices. 临床研究同意书中的避孕要求：评估和支持性别包容实践。
IF 1.7 4区 哲学
Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1177/15562646241238301
Tara Coffin, Erin Brower, Sharad Adekar
{"title":"Contraception Requirements in Clinical Research Consent Forms: Assessing and Supporting Gender Inclusive Practices.","authors":"Tara Coffin, Erin Brower, Sharad Adekar","doi":"10.1177/15562646241238301","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15562646241238301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gender-diverse individuals are underserved in clinical research settings. Reliance on gendered language throughout the consent process for clinical research contributes to the marginalization of these populations. The research objective was to assess use of gender-inclusive language used to describe the contraception requirement in consent forms. We categorized and analyzed contraception language in 289 clinical trial consent forms using a deductive and summative content analysis approach. We found that 79% (n = 227) of consent forms contained gender-inclusive language, 80% (n = 231) used terms that fell under the biological sex language, and 91% (n = 264) used gendered language. No consent forms used exclusively gender-inclusive language and the majority 63% (n = 182) featuring a combination of all three language types. There were many consent forms which would have been entirely gender-inclusive language if section headings with references to biological-sex-specific contraceptives were excluded, suggesting that gender-inclusive language may be attainable with minor revisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50211,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140095069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Valuing Academic Freedom and Advocacy 重视学术自由和宣传
IF 1.3 4区 哲学
Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1177/15562646241246369
Tanya Doherty, Max Kroon, Catherine Pereira-Kotze
{"title":"Valuing Academic Freedom and Advocacy","authors":"Tanya Doherty, Max Kroon, Catherine Pereira-Kotze","doi":"10.1177/15562646241246369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15562646241246369","url":null,"abstract":"This is a correspondence letter in response to an article published in the journal: Flaherman VJ, Nankabirwa V, Ginsburg AS. Promoting Transparent and Equitable Discussion of Controversial Research. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 2023; 18(4): 248–9.","PeriodicalId":50211,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140595697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluating the Decisional Capacity for Informed Consent of Transition age Children to Adolescents in Human Subject Research. 评估人类受试者研究中即将步入青春期的儿童的知情同意决策能力。
IF 1.3 4区 哲学
Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-10 DOI: 10.1177/15562646231219384
Kamran Salayev, Ulviyya Aslanova, Kerim Munir
{"title":"Evaluating the Decisional Capacity for Informed Consent of Transition age Children to Adolescents in Human Subject Research.","authors":"Kamran Salayev, Ulviyya Aslanova, Kerim Munir","doi":"10.1177/15562646231219384","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15562646231219384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate children's capacity for informed consent. We translated into Azerbaijani language and adapted the University of California, San Diego Brief Assessment of Capacity to Consent (UBACC). We enrolled four healthy groups: children aged 11, 12, and 13 years and adults. We provided the participants with information about the simulated research proposal and a related informed consent form. Subsequently, they were administered the UBACC. The mean total UBACC scores were 11.9 (11-year-olds), 12.7 (12-year-olds), 14.0 (13-year-olds), and 16.0 (adults). The gradual increase in the mean UBACC scores with age suggests the continuous maturation of the capacity to comprehend the informed consent process. There was no specific cutoff age to decide whether the children were competent enough to provide informed consent.</p>","PeriodicalId":50211,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10957319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138812532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Turkish Academic and Student Attitudes on Plagiarism: Validity and Reliability of the Plagiarism Attitudes Scale. 评估土耳其学术界和学生对剽窃行为的态度：剽窃态度量表的有效性和可靠性。
IF 1.3 4区 哲学
Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-25 DOI: 10.1177/15562646241231597
Gamze Özbek Güven, Feyza Inceoğlu, Şerife Yilmaz, Fuat Ince
{"title":"Evaluation of Turkish Academic and Student Attitudes on Plagiarism: Validity and Reliability of the Plagiarism Attitudes Scale.","authors":"Gamze Özbek Güven, Feyza Inceoğlu, Şerife Yilmaz, Fuat Ince","doi":"10.1177/15562646241231597","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15562646241231597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main purpose of this study was to translate the Plagiarism Attitude Scale into Turkish and validate it for use in Turkish settings, in order to better understand research integrity attitudes and awareness of the Turkish academic and student community, while also contributing an instrument for research in this area. The research was designed and conducted with 483 participants. In the process of adapting the scale to Turkish, language, content, and construct validity analyses were performed. Following the completion of the validity phase, the reliability of the scale was examined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the split-half method. The results indicate that the scale's language and content validity are deemed sufficient. According to the findings of the research, the Plagiarism Attitude Scale, in its adapted Turkish version, is considered a valid and reliable tool. The use of this Turkish scale will assist local researchers in sharing their unique perspectives and help the international community better understand research ethics concerns in Türkiye. Additionally, this scale will serve as a valuable resource for planning educational programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50211,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139974305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Trust in Medical Research: A Comparative Study among Patients at a Regional Referral Hospital and Community Members in Lira District, Northern Uganda. 对医学研究的信任：乌干达北部利拉地区一家地区转诊医院的患者与社区成员的比较研究。
IF 1.3 4区 哲学
Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.1177/15562646231224374
Jafesi Pulle, Sana Loue, Gertrude N Kiwanuka, Bajunirwe Francis
{"title":"Trust in Medical Research: A Comparative Study among Patients at a Regional Referral Hospital and Community Members in Lira District, Northern Uganda.","authors":"Jafesi Pulle, Sana Loue, Gertrude N Kiwanuka, Bajunirwe Francis","doi":"10.1177/15562646231224374","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15562646231224374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Events such as the Tuskegee syphilis study shaped how the public perceives and trusts medical research globally. However, few studies have examined trust in medical research in developing countries. We tested the hypothesis that levels of trust may be lower among community members compared to hospitalized persons in Uganda. We enrolled 296 participants in rural northern Uganda, and 148(50%) were from the community, 192(65%) were female. Mean level of trust for medical research was higher among hospitalized persons compared to community members (p = 0.0001). Previous research participation (p = 0.03), and willingness to participate in future research (p = 0.001) were positively associated with trust. Medical personnel should engage more with the communities in which they practice fostering trust in medical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":50211,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10957324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139433164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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