The Milbank Quarterly最新文献

{"title":"Well-Being in the Nation: A Living Library of Measures to Drive Multi-Sector Population Health Improvement and Address Social Determinants.","authors":"Somava Saha,&nbsp;Bruce B Cohen,&nbsp;Julia Nagy,&nbsp;Marianne E McPHERSON,&nbsp;Robert Phillips","doi":"10.1111/1468-0009.12477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.12477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Policy Points Well-being In the Nation (WIN) offers the first parsimonious set of vetted common measures to improve population health and social determinants across sectors at local, state, and national levels and is driven by what communities need to improve health, well-being, and equity. The WIN measures were codesigned with more than 100 communities, federal agencies, and national organizations across sectors, in alignment with the National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics, the Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act, and Healthy People 2030. WIN offers a process for a collaborative learning measurement system to drive a learning health and well-being system across sectors at the community, state, and national levels. The WIN development process identified critical gaps and opportunities in equitable community-level data infrastructure, interoperability, and protections that could be used to inform the Federal Data Strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":501846,"journal":{"name":"The Milbank Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"641-663"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/1468-0009.12477","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38331657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal Feasibility and Implementation of Federal Strategies for a National Retail-Based Fruit and Vegetable Subsidy Program in the United States.","authors":"Jennifer L Pomeranz,&nbsp;Yue Huang,&nbsp;Dariush Mozaffarian,&nbsp;Renata Micha","doi":"10.1111/1468-0009.12461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.12461","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Policy Points Suboptimal intake of fruit and vegetables is associated with increased risk of diet-related diseases. A national retail-based fruit and vegetable subsidy program could broadly benefit the health of the entire population. Existing fruit and vegetable subsidy programs can inform potential implementation mechanisms; Congress's powers to tax, spend, and regulate interstate commerce can be leveraged to create a federal program. Legal and administrative feasibility considerations support a conditional funding program or a federal-state cooperative program combining regulation, licensing, and state or local options for flexible implementation strategies. Strategies to engage key stakeholders would enable the program to utilize lessons learned from existing programs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Context: &lt;/strong&gt;Suboptimal intake of fruit and vegetables (F&Vs) is associated with increased risk of diet-related diseases. Yet, there are no US government programs to support increased F&V consumption nationally for the whole population, most of whom purchase food at retail establishments. To inform policy discussion and implementation, we identified mechanisms to effectuate a national retail-based F&V subsidy program.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted legal and policy research using LexisNexis, the UConn Rudd Center Legislation Database, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Chronic Disease State Policy Tracking System, the US Department of Agriculture's website, Congress.gov, gray literature, and government reports. First, we identified existing federal, state, local, and nongovernmental organization (NGO) policies and programs that subsidize F&Vs. Second, we evaluated Congress's power to implement a national retail-based F&V subsidy program.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Findings: &lt;/strong&gt;We found five federal programs, three federal bills, four state laws, and 17 state (including the District of Columbia [DC]) bills to appropriate money to supplement federal food assistance programs with F&Vs; 74 programs (six multistate, 22 state [including DC], and 46 local) administered by state and local governments and NGOs that incentivize the purchase of F&Vs for various subpopulations; and two state laws and 11 state bills to provide tax exemptions for F&Vs. To create a national F&V subsidy program, Congress could use its Commerce Clause powers or its powers to tax or spend, through direct regulation, licensing, taxation, tax incentives, and conditional funding. Legal and administrative feasibility considerations support a voluntary conditional funding program or, as a second option, a mandatory federal-state cooperative program combining regulation and licensing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Multiple existing programs provide an important foundation to inform potential implementation mechanisms for a national F&V subsidy program. Results also highlight the value of state and local participation to leverage existing networks and stakeholder knowle","PeriodicalId":501846,"journal":{"name":"The Milbank Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"775-801"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/1468-0009.12461","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38176115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the June 2019 Issue of the Quarterly.","authors":"Alan B Cohen","doi":"10.1111/1468-0009.12392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.12392","url":null,"abstract":"• Lawrence Gostin offers a national action plan to achieve near universal vaccine coverage to counter the alarming surge in measles cases in the United States. • Sandro Galea and Margaret Kruk explore the implications for population health of the 2018 Declaration of Astana, reflecting on the 40 years that have transpired since the 1978 Declaration of Alma Ata first made primary care the central element for achieving health for all nations. • Joshua Sharfstein examines the potential for states to take the lead in innovation for health, arguing that a new era of state experimentation in health care is now dawning as more states expand their Medicaid programs and some look to global budgets to contain spending growth. • Gail Wilensky reviews the recent spate of Medicare for All proposals introduced in Congress and analyzes their potential impact and political feasibility. • John McDonough looks at Medicare for All in the context of states, extracting lessons learned from the outcomes of singlepayer efforts in four diverse states. • Sara Rosenbaum ponders the disquieting assault on women’s reproductive rights now taking place in many states and calls attention to the dangers that threaten public health and access to safe health care. • David Rosner describes the nightmare that awaits the nation and the world if immediate remedial action, such as radically limiting our CO2 emissions, is not taken to deal with the indisputable effects of climate change.","PeriodicalId":501846,"journal":{"name":"The Milbank Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"375-377"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/1468-0009.12392","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40539926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}