npj NanophotonicsPub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1038/s44310-024-00045-2
Seongmin Im, Seyedehniousha Mousavi, Yun-Sheng Chen, Yang Zhao
{"title":"Perspectives of chiral nanophotonics: from mechanisms to biomedical applications","authors":"Seongmin Im, Seyedehniousha Mousavi, Yun-Sheng Chen, Yang Zhao","doi":"10.1038/s44310-024-00045-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44310-024-00045-2","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, we examine nanophotonic techniques for enhancing and detecting chirality, with a focus on plasmon-enhanced, tip-enhanced, chiral optical cavities, and photothermal approaches. These methods, which are based on light-matter interactions, provide high sensitivity with challenges in identifying their mechanisms. We discuss recent biomedical applications, emphasizing the potential of nanophotonics in enabling cost-effective and rapid diagnosis with improved chiral signal detection. The review highlights the future potential of chiral nanophotonics in biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":501711,"journal":{"name":"npj Nanophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00045-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
npj NanophotonicsPub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1038/s44310-024-00047-0
Andrei Diakonov, Konstantin Khrizman, Eliran Zano, Liron Stern
{"title":"Broadband cavity-enhanced Kerr Comb spectroscopy on Chip","authors":"Andrei Diakonov, Konstantin Khrizman, Eliran Zano, Liron Stern","doi":"10.1038/s44310-024-00047-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44310-024-00047-0","url":null,"abstract":"The broad and equidistant spectrum of frequency combs has had a profound impact on spectroscopic studies. Particularly, experiments involving the coupling of frequency combs to cavities have already enabled unprecedented broadband and sensitive spectroscopy on a single-molecule level. The emergence of integrated, compact, and broadband Kerr-microcombs holds promise to bring many metrological and spectroscopic studies outside of the lab. However, performing cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy on-chip has remained a challenge. Here, we couple a microcomb source with a microcavity to extend the advantages of cavity-enhanced spectroscopy to photonically integrated circuits. By harnessing the coherent nature of the Kerr-comb and high-Q microcavity enhancement, we obtain a detailed dispersion landscape of the guided-wave mode and comprehensive frequency-dependent cavity lineshapes. Our microcomb-cavity coupling can facilitate photonically integrated cavity-enhanced biochemical spectroscopy by evanescently coupling analytes to the cavity’s guided mode, a mode of operation we analyze numerically and provide guidelines for its potential implementation. Demonstrated detailed dispersion measurements, overperforming state-of-the-art table-top tunable lasers in available bandwidth, show potential for integrated non-linear optics applications, as precise dispersion management is crucial for such processes. Our chip-scale comb-cavity coupled platform suggests an integrated, broadband, cost-effective, and accurate tool for the non-linear optics studies as well as for ultra-compact bio- and chemical-sensing platform.","PeriodicalId":501711,"journal":{"name":"npj Nanophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00047-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
npj NanophotonicsPub Date : 2024-11-29DOI: 10.1038/s44310-024-00046-1
Beatrice Polacchi, Francesco Hoch, Giovanni Rodari, Stefano Savo, Gonzalo Carvacho, Nicolò Spagnolo, Taira Giordani, Fabio Sciarrino
{"title":"Teleportation of a genuine single-rail vacuum-one-photon qubit generated via a quantum dot source","authors":"Beatrice Polacchi, Francesco Hoch, Giovanni Rodari, Stefano Savo, Gonzalo Carvacho, Nicolò Spagnolo, Taira Giordani, Fabio Sciarrino","doi":"10.1038/s44310-024-00046-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44310-024-00046-1","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum state teleportation represents a pillar of quantum information and a milestone on the roadmap towards quantum networks with a large number of nodes. Successful photonic demonstrations of this protocol have been carried out employing different qubit encodings. However, demonstrations in the Fock basis encoding are challenging, due to the impossibility of generating a coherent superposition of vacuum-one photon states on a single mode with linear optics. Indeed, previous realizations only allowed the teleportation of dual-rail entangled states, by exploiting ancillary electromagnetic modes. Here, instead, we enable the quantum teleportation of pure vacuum-one-photon qubits encoded in a single spatial mode, by exploiting coherent control of a resonantly excited semiconductor quantum dot in a micro-cavity. Within our setup, we can both teleport genuine single-rail vacuum-one-photon qubits and perform entanglement swapping. Our results may disclose new quantum information processing potentialities for this encoding, whose manipulation is achievable via quantum dot single-photon sources.","PeriodicalId":501711,"journal":{"name":"npj Nanophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00046-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142737664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
npj NanophotonicsPub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1038/s44310-024-00044-3
Ciril Samuel Prasad, Gururaj V. Naik
{"title":"Non-Hermitian selective thermal emitter for thermophotovoltaics","authors":"Ciril Samuel Prasad, Gururaj V. Naik","doi":"10.1038/s44310-024-00044-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44310-024-00044-3","url":null,"abstract":"For a sustainable future, efficient, compact, and solid-state energy converters are critical. Thermophotovoltaics (TPV)—a solid-state scheme to convert heat into electricity—is promising for thermal storage and generation1. TPV systems employing selective thermal emitters allow compact designs for various terrestrial and space applications and, hence, have garnered much attention. Despite significant research efforts, these systems have low efficiency. The selective thermal emitter and the low-bandgap photovoltaic cell contribute to this problem. Here, we solve the shortcomings of the thermal emitter by using a novel approach inspired by non-Hermitian optics. We demonstrate a hybrid metal-dielectric non-Hermitian selective emitter (NHE) with high spectral efficiency (> 60%) and employ the NHE in a TPV system operating at 1273 K. We show that a maximum TPV conversion efficiency of 12% is possible at 1273 K, though our preliminary experiments employing an uncooled PV cell showed a much lower efficiency.","PeriodicalId":501711,"journal":{"name":"npj Nanophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00044-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
npj NanophotonicsPub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1038/s44310-024-00036-3
Kostas G. Mavrakis, Gerasimos Divaris, Maria Tampakaki, Saba N. Khan, Kishan Dholakia, Giannis Zacharakis
{"title":"Optically generated droplet beams improve optoacoustic imaging of choroid thickness as an Alzheimer’s disease biomarker","authors":"Kostas G. Mavrakis, Gerasimos Divaris, Maria Tampakaki, Saba N. Khan, Kishan Dholakia, Giannis Zacharakis","doi":"10.1038/s44310-024-00036-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44310-024-00036-3","url":null,"abstract":"Optoacoustic microscopy faces a restricted depth of field attributed to the tightly focused Gaussian beam excitation. This limitation poses challenges in capturing high-resolution images of samples with uneven surfaces or obtaining high-quality volumetric images without z-scanning. To address this issue, we propose the use of droplet beam illumination in optoacoustic microscopy, which extends the depth of field to approximately 80 times the Rayleigh length. The droplet beam is generated using a Mach–Zehnder-type interferometer, with each arm equipped with a lens of different optical power. We demonstrate the advantages of droplet beam illumination in microscopy by showing high contrast images on fluorescent beads with a 50% improvement compared to Bessel beam illumination and subsequently imaging the posterior cavity of mice eyes. This method introduces novel perspectives to medical sciences, allowing the measurement of the choroidal layer thickness, an early indicative biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease.","PeriodicalId":501711,"journal":{"name":"npj Nanophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00036-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
npj NanophotonicsPub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1038/s44310-024-00041-6
Mikhail V. Rybin, Yuri Kivshar
{"title":"Metaphotonics with subwavelength dielectric resonators","authors":"Mikhail V. Rybin, Yuri Kivshar","doi":"10.1038/s44310-024-00041-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44310-024-00041-6","url":null,"abstract":"The recently emerged Mie resonant meta photonics (or Mietronics) provides novel opportunities for subwavelength optics. Mietronics employs resonances in isolated nanoparticles and structured surfaces. We present a brief summary of the key concepts underpinning this rapidly developing area of research, using isolated high-index dielectric subwavelength particles as examples. We also discuss recent advances and future trends in the designs of high-Q elements for efficient resonant spatial and temporal control of light.","PeriodicalId":501711,"journal":{"name":"npj Nanophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00041-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
npj NanophotonicsPub Date : 2024-10-26DOI: 10.1038/s44310-024-00043-4
Lee Wei Wesley Wong, Liang Jie Wong
{"title":"Enhancing X-ray generation from twisted multilayer van der Waals materials by shaping electron wavepackets","authors":"Lee Wei Wesley Wong, Liang Jie Wong","doi":"10.1038/s44310-024-00043-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44310-024-00043-4","url":null,"abstract":"We study twisted bilayer van der Waals (vdW) materials as a platform to generate versatile bremsstrahlung X-rays, and show that the twist angle in bilayer vdW materials provides an unprecedented degree of controllability over various properties of bremsstrahlung radiation from these materials. Specifically, we combine the waveshaping of the free electron’s quantum wavepacket with the unique crystalline atomic positioning of twisted bilayers to realize shaped bremsstrahlung X-rays, which feature enhancements in directionality and intensity. In the process, we present a theoretical model for bremsstrahlung radiation that is applicable to twisted multilayer vdW materials in general. We also investigate the dependence of our X-ray emission mechanism on physical parameters, including the interlayer spacing and number of layers. Our findings pave the way for the use of twisted multilayer van der Waals materials in the generation of tailored X-ray spectra for applications like X-ray imaging, X-ray fluorescence, and X-ray treatment.","PeriodicalId":501711,"journal":{"name":"npj Nanophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00043-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142519189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
npj NanophotonicsPub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1038/s44310-024-00040-7
Wenchao Yan, Bin Zhang, Feng Chen
{"title":"Photonic topological insulators in femtosecond laser direct-written waveguides","authors":"Wenchao Yan, Bin Zhang, Feng Chen","doi":"10.1038/s44310-024-00040-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44310-024-00040-7","url":null,"abstract":"Topological photonics attract significant interests due to their intriguing fundamental physics and potential applications. Researchers are actively exploring various artificial platforms to realize novel topological phenomena, which provides promising pathways for the development of robust photonic devices. Among these platforms, femtosecond laser direct-written photonic waveguides show unique ability to visualize intricate light dynamics in 2 + 1 dimensions, which rendering them ideal tools for investigating topological photonics. By integrating topological concepts into these waveguides, researchers not only deepen their understanding of topological physics but also provide potential methodology for developing advanced topological photonic integrated devices. In this review, we discuss recent experimental implementations of different topological phases within femtosecond laser direct-written photonic waveguides, as well as the fascinating physical phenomena induced by the interplay of topology with non-Hermiticity, nonlinearity and quantum physics are also introduced. The exploration of topological waveguide arrays shows great promise in advancing the field of topological photonics, providing a solid foundation for further research and innovation in this rapidly developing domain.","PeriodicalId":501711,"journal":{"name":"npj Nanophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00040-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
npj NanophotonicsPub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1038/s44310-024-00039-0
Michele Cotrufo, Sedigheh Esfahani, Dmitriy Korobkin, Andrea Alù
{"title":"Temporal signal processing with nonlocal optical metasurfaces","authors":"Michele Cotrufo, Sedigheh Esfahani, Dmitriy Korobkin, Andrea Alù","doi":"10.1038/s44310-024-00039-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44310-024-00039-0","url":null,"abstract":"Nonlocal metasurfaces have recently enabled an ultra-compact, low-power and high-speed platform to perform analog image processing. While several computational tasks have been demonstrated based on this platform, most of the previous studies have focused only on spatial operations, such as spatial differentiation and edge detection. Here, we demonstrate that metasurfaces with temporal nonlocalities – that is, with a tailored dispersive response – can be used to implement time-domain signal processing in deeply subwavelength footprints. In particular, we experimentally demonstrate a passive metasurface performing first-order differentiation of input signals with high-fidelity and high-efficiency. We also show that this approach is prone to scalability and cascaded computation. Our work paves the way to a new generation of ultra-compact, passive devices for all-optical computation, with applications in neural networks and neuromorphic computing.","PeriodicalId":501711,"journal":{"name":"npj Nanophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00039-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142377225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
npj NanophotonicsPub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1038/s44310-024-00042-5
Patrick Mutter, Fredrik Laurell, Valdas Pasiskevicius, Andrius Zukauskas
{"title":"Backward wave optical parametric oscillation in a waveguide","authors":"Patrick Mutter, Fredrik Laurell, Valdas Pasiskevicius, Andrius Zukauskas","doi":"10.1038/s44310-024-00042-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44310-024-00042-5","url":null,"abstract":"Backward wave oscillators represent a class of tunable sources of electromagnetic radiation that do not require a resonant cavity to satisfy the oscillation condition. In the optical regime, the Backward Wave Optical Parametric Oscillator (BWOPO) relies on a a nonlinear interaction to provide the positive feedback required for oscillation, achieved through quasi-phase matching with sub-micron periods. The unique properties of the BWOPO have so far been shown in bulk crystals only, but the absence of an optical resonator makes the BWOPO naturally suitable for integration in a waveguide format. We demonstrate the first waveguide BWOPO, showcasing an oscillation threshold nearly 20 times lower than the corresponding bulk device, and exhibiting low loss (0.2 dB/cm). The backward wave has a narrow linewidth of 21 GHz at 1514.6 nm, while the forward wave at 1688.7 nm has a broadband spectrum replicating that of the pump. A conversion efficiency of 8.4% was obtained.","PeriodicalId":501711,"journal":{"name":"npj Nanophotonics","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44310-024-00042-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142276657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}