npj Complexity最新文献

Information architectures: a framework for understanding socio-technical systems. 信息架构：理解社会技术系统的框架。

npj Complexity Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1038/s44260-025-00037-z

Paul E Smaldino, Adam Russell, Matthew R Zefferman, Judith Donath, Jacob G Foster, Douglas Guilbeault, Martin Hilbert, Elizabeth A Hobson, Kristina Lerman, Helena Miton, Cody Moser, Jana Lasser, Sonja Schmer-Galunder, Jacob N Shapiro, Qiankun Zhong, Dan Patt

{"title":"Information architectures: a framework for understanding socio-technical systems.","authors":"Paul E Smaldino, Adam Russell, Matthew R Zefferman, Judith Donath, Jacob G Foster, Douglas Guilbeault, Martin Hilbert, Elizabeth A Hobson, Kristina Lerman, Helena Miton, Cody Moser, Jana Lasser, Sonja Schmer-Galunder, Jacob N Shapiro, Qiankun Zhong, Dan Patt","doi":"10.1038/s44260-025-00037-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44260-025-00037-z","url":null,"abstract":"A sequence of technological inventions over several centuries has dramatically lowered the cost of producing and distributing information. Because societies ride on a substrate of information, these changes have profoundly impacted how we live, work, and interact. This paper explores the nature of information architectures (IAs)-the features that govern how information flows within human populations. IAs include physical and digital infrastructures, norms and institutions, and algorithmic technologies for filtering, producing, and disseminating information. IAs can reinforce societal biases and lead to prosocial outcomes as well as social ills. IAs have culturally evolved rapidly with human usage, creating new affordances and new problems for the dynamics of social interaction. We explore societal outcomes instigated by shifts in IAs and call for an enhanced understanding of the social implications of increasing IA complexity, the nature of competition among IAs, and the creation of mechanisms for the beneficial use of IAs.","PeriodicalId":501707,"journal":{"name":"npj Complexity","volume":"2 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12006018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

One pathogen does not an epidemic make: a review of interacting contagions, diseases, beliefs, and stories. 一种病原体不构成流行病：对相互作用的传染、疾病、信仰和故事的回顾。

npj Complexity Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1038/s44260-025-00050-2

Laurent Hébert-Dufresne, Yong-Yeol Ahn, Antoine Allard, Vittoria Colizza, Jessica W Crothers, Peter Sheridan Dodds, Mirta Galesic, Fakhteh Ghanbarnejad, Dominique Gravel, Ross A Hammond, Kristina Lerman, Juniper Lovato, John J Openshaw, S Redner, Samuel V Scarpino, Guillaume St-Onge, Timothy R Tangherlini, Jean-Gabriel Young

{"title":"One pathogen does not an epidemic make: a review of interacting contagions, diseases, beliefs, and stories.","authors":"Laurent Hébert-Dufresne, Yong-Yeol Ahn, Antoine Allard, Vittoria Colizza, Jessica W Crothers, Peter Sheridan Dodds, Mirta Galesic, Fakhteh Ghanbarnejad, Dominique Gravel, Ross A Hammond, Kristina Lerman, Juniper Lovato, John J Openshaw, S Redner, Samuel V Scarpino, Guillaume St-Onge, Timothy R Tangherlini, Jean-Gabriel Young","doi":"10.1038/s44260-025-00050-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44260-025-00050-2","url":null,"abstract":"From pathogens and computer viruses to genes and memes, contagion models have found widespread utility across the natural and social sciences. Despite their success and breadth of adoption, the approach and structure of these models remain surprisingly siloed by field. Given the siloed nature of their development and widespread use, one persistent assumption is that a given contagion can be studied in isolation, independently from what else might be spreading in the population. In reality, countless contagions of biological and social nature interact within hosts (interacting with existing beliefs, or the immune system) and across hosts (interacting in the environment, or affecting transmission mechanisms). Additionally, from a modeling perspective, we know that relaxing these assumptions has profound effects on the physics and translational implications of the models. Here, we review mechanisms for interactions in social and biological contagions, as well as the models and frameworks developed to include these interactions in the study of the contagions. We highlight existing problems related to the inference of interactions and to the scalability of mathematical models and identify promising avenues of future inquiries. In doing so, we highlight the need for interdisciplinary efforts under a unified science of contagions and for removing a common dichotomy between social and biological contagions.","PeriodicalId":501707,"journal":{"name":"npj Complexity","volume":"2 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12401732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144994997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Governance as a complex, networked, democratic, satisfiability problem. 治理是一个复杂的、网络化的、民主的、可满足的问题。

npj Complexity Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1038/s44260-025-00041-3

Laurent Hébert-Dufresne, Nicholas W Landry, Juniper Lovato, Jonathan St-Onge, Jean-Gabriel Young, Marie-Ève Couture-Ménard, Stéphane Bernatchez, Catherine Choquette, Alan A Cohen

{"title":"Governance as a complex, networked, democratic, satisfiability problem.","authors":"Laurent Hébert-Dufresne, Nicholas W Landry, Juniper Lovato, Jonathan St-Onge, Jean-Gabriel Young, Marie-Ève Couture-Ménard, Stéphane Bernatchez, Catherine Choquette, Alan A Cohen","doi":"10.1038/s44260-025-00041-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44260-025-00041-3","url":null,"abstract":"Democratic governments comprise a subset of a population whose goal is to produce coherent decisions solving societal challenges while respecting the will of the people. New governance frameworks represent this as a social network rather than as a hierarchical pyramid with centralized authority. But how should this network be structured? We model the decisions a population must make as a satisfiability problem and the structure of information flow involved in decision-making as a social hypergraph. This framework allows to consider different governance structures, from dictatorships to direct democracy. Between these extremes, we find a regime of effective governance where small overlapping decision groups make specific decisions and share information. Effective governance allows even incoherent or polarized populations to make coherent decisions at low coordination costs. Beyond simulations, our conceptual framework can explore a wide range of governance strategies and their ability to tackle decision problems that challenge standard governments.","PeriodicalId":501707,"journal":{"name":"npj Complexity","volume":"2 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12045800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emergence of shield immunity during spatial contagions. 空间传染期间盾构免疫的出现。

npj Complexity Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1038/s44260-025-00044-0

Christina M Jamerlan, Mikhail Prokopenko

{"title":"Emergence of shield immunity during spatial contagions.","authors":"Christina M Jamerlan, Mikhail Prokopenko","doi":"10.1038/s44260-025-00044-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44260-025-00044-0","url":null,"abstract":"Contagions spreading across space-including epidemics, infodemics, and socio-economic turbulence - generate complex geo-spatial patterns shaped by contagion state and risk-driven population mobility. Distribution of resources for mitigating these contagions adds further complexity. We present a concise, generic framework to model various contagion types within a space characterized by bounded risk disposition parameters and generalized resource effectiveness. Specifically, we explore how (i) risk-averse behavior of \"inoculated\" individuals and (ii) resource effectiveness in reducing contagion \"incidence\" influence pattern formation and spread of infection, opinion polarization, social myths, and socio-economic disruptions. We show that \"inoculated\" individuals interacting with affected populations may help minimize contagion impact by curbing further transmission. We identify this as a generalized form of shield immunity and explain its emergence in terms of individual risk disposition. This shielding effect is strongest in socio-economic turbulence, moderate in epidemics, limited in social myth spreading, and not observed in polarization dynamics.","PeriodicalId":501707,"journal":{"name":"npj Complexity","volume":"2 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12225409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assembly theory and its relationship with computational complexity. 装配理论及其与计算复杂度的关系。

npj Complexity Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1038/s44260-025-00049-9

Christopher P Kempes, Michael Lachmann, Andrew Iannaccone, G Matthew Fricke, M Redwan Chowdhury, Sara I Walker, Leroy Cronin

{"title":"Assembly theory and its relationship with computational complexity.","authors":"Christopher P Kempes, Michael Lachmann, Andrew Iannaccone, G Matthew Fricke, M Redwan Chowdhury, Sara I Walker, Leroy Cronin","doi":"10.1038/s44260-025-00049-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44260-025-00049-9","url":null,"abstract":"Assembly theory (AT) quantifies selection using the assembly equation, identifying complex objects through the assembly index, the minimal steps required to build an object from basic parts, and copy number, the observed instances of the object. These measure a quantity called Assembly, capturing causation necessary to produce abundant objects, distinguishing selection-driven complexity from random generation. Unlike computational complexity theory, which often emphasizes minimal description length via compressibility, AT explicitly focuses on the causation captured by selection as the mechanism behind complexity. We illustrate formal distinctions through mathematical examples demonstrating that the assembly index is fundamentally distinct from complexity metrics like Shannon entropy, Huffman encoding, and Lempel-Ziv-Welch compression. We provide proofs showing that the assembly index belongs to a different computational complexity class compared to these measures and compression algorithms. Additionally, we highlight AT's unique ontological grounding as a physically measurable framework, setting it apart from abstract theoretical approaches to formalizing life that lack empirical measurement foundations.","PeriodicalId":501707,"journal":{"name":"npj Complexity","volume":"2 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12408342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145017029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distinguishing mechanisms of social contagion from local network view. 从局部网络视角辨析社会传染机制。

npj Complexity Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1038/s44260-025-00034-2

Elsa Andres, Gergely Ódor, Iacopo Iacopini, Márton Karsai

引用次数: 0

Spatial structure supports diversity in prebiotic autocatalytic chemical ecosystems. 空间结构支持益生元自催化化学生态系统的多样性。

npj Complexity Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1038/s44260-025-00045-z

Alex M Plum, Christopher P Kempes, Zhen Peng, David A Baum

引用次数: 0

Modeling the amplification of epidemic spread by individuals exposed to misinformation on social media. 通过在社交媒体上接触错误信息的个人对流行病传播的放大进行建模。

npj Complexity Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1038/s44260-025-00038-y

Matthew R DeVerna, Francesco Pierri, Yong-Yeol Ahn, Santo Fortunato, Alessandro Flammini, Filippo Menczer

{"title":"Modeling the amplification of epidemic spread by individuals exposed to misinformation on social media.","authors":"Matthew R DeVerna, Francesco Pierri, Yong-Yeol Ahn, Santo Fortunato, Alessandro Flammini, Filippo Menczer","doi":"10.1038/s44260-025-00038-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44260-025-00038-y","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how misinformation affects the spread of disease is crucial for public health, especially given recent research indicating that misinformation can increase vaccine hesitancy and discourage vaccine uptake. However, it is difficult to investigate the interaction between misinformation and epidemic outcomes due to the dearth of data-informed holistic epidemic models. Here, we employ an epidemic model that incorporates a large, mobility-informed physical contact network as well as the distribution of misinformed individuals across counties derived from social media data. The model allows us to simulate various scenarios to understand how epidemic spreading can be affected by misinformation spreading through one particular social media platform. Using this model, we compare a worst-case scenario, in which individuals become misinformed after a single exposure to low-credibility content, to a best-case scenario where the population is highly resilient to misinformation. We estimate the additional portion of the U.S. population that would become infected over the course of the COVID-19 epidemic in the worst-case scenario. This work can provide policymakers with insights about the potential harms of exposure to online vaccine misinformation.","PeriodicalId":501707,"journal":{"name":"npj Complexity","volume":"2 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11964913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Author Correction: Triangulation for causal loop diagrams: constructing biopsychosocial models using group model building, literature review, and causal discovery 作者更正：因果循环图的三角测量：使用群体模型构建、文献回顾和因果发现构建生物心理社会模型

npj Complexity Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1038/s44260-024-00024-w

Jeroen F. Uleman, Maartje Luijten, Wilson F. Abdo, Jana Vyrastekova, Andreas Gerhardus, Jakob Runge, Naja Hulvej Rod, Maaike Verhagen

引用次数: 0

How much longer do you have to drive than the crow has to fly? 你开车的时间比乌鸦飞的时间长多少？

npj Complexity Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1038/s44260-024-00023-x

Shanshan Wang, Henrik M. Bette, Michael Schreckenberg, Thomas Guhr

引用次数: 0