James Le Houx, Daniel McKay Fletcher, Alberto Leonardi, Katherine A Williams, Nancy Walker, Fernando Alvarez-Borges, Ebrahim Afsar Dizaj, Madhu Murthy, Ronan Smith, Liam Perera, Navid Aslani, Andrew James, Sharif Ahmed, Tiina Roose, Siul Ruiz
{"title":"Coupled X-ray imaging/diffraction reveals soil mechanics during analogous root growth.","authors":"James Le Houx, Daniel McKay Fletcher, Alberto Leonardi, Katherine A Williams, Nancy Walker, Fernando Alvarez-Borges, Ebrahim Afsar Dizaj, Madhu Murthy, Ronan Smith, Liam Perera, Navid Aslani, Andrew James, Sharif Ahmed, Tiina Roose, Siul Ruiz","doi":"10.1038/s44341-025-00021-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44341-025-00021-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil compaction and escalating global drought increase soil strength and stiffness. It remains unclear which plant root biomechanical mechanisms/traits enable growth in these harsh conditions. Here, we combine synchrotron X-ray computed tomography with spatially resolved X-ray diffraction to characterize the biomechanics of a replica root-soil system. We map the strain field around the root tip analog, finding strong agreement with finite element simulations, thereby demonstrating a promising new in vivo measurement protocol.</p>","PeriodicalId":501703,"journal":{"name":"npj Biological Physics and Mechanics","volume":"2 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12226333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Premetastatic niche mechanics and organotropism in breast cancer.","authors":"Sarah Libring, Cynthia A Reinhart-King","doi":"10.1038/s44341-025-00015-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44341-025-00015-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous physical and mechanical changes occur in the premetastatic niche. Here, we review the mechanics of the premetastatic niche and how the altered extracellular matrix and cancer cell mechanics may play a role in organotropism in breast cancer. Future research into premetastatic niche development and organotropic cell behavior should address physical alterations and biomechanical effects to the same rigor that biochemical alterations are studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":501703,"journal":{"name":"npj Biological Physics and Mechanics","volume":"2 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nuclear envelope proteins, mechanotransduction, and their contribution to breast cancer progression.","authors":"Sarah Henretta, Jan Lammerding","doi":"10.1038/s44341-025-00018-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44341-025-00018-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer cells frequently exhibit changes in the expression of nuclear envelope (NE) proteins such as lamins and emerin that determine the physical properties of the nucleus and contribute to cellular mechanotransduction. This review explores the emerging interplay between NE proteins, the physical challenges incurred during metastatic progression, and mechanotransduction. Improved insights into the underlying mechanisms may ultimately lead to better prognostic tools and treatment strategies for metastatic breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":501703,"journal":{"name":"npj Biological Physics and Mechanics","volume":"2 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12052594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144063706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andreas G Hadjigeorgiou, Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
{"title":"Hybrid model of tumor growth, angiogenesis and immune response yields strategies to improve antiangiogenic therapy.","authors":"Andreas G Hadjigeorgiou, Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos","doi":"10.1038/s44341-024-00002-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44341-024-00002-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Solid tumors harbor a complex and dynamic microenvironment that hinders the delivery and efficacy of therapeutic interventions. In this study, we developed and utilized a hybrid, discrete-continuous mathematical model to explore the interplay between solid tumor growth, immune response, tumor-induced angiogenesis, and antiangiogenic drugs. By integrating published data with anti-angiogenic drugs, we elucidate three primary mechanisms by which anti-angiogenesis influences tumor progression and treatment outcomes: reduction in tumor growth rate by mitigating and temporally delaying angiogenesis, normalization of blood vessel structure and function, and improving immune cell extravasation and activation. Our results indicate a significant increase in functional blood vessels and perfusion following anti-angiogenic treatment, which in turn improves the intratumoral distribution of immune cells. The normalization window, or optimal time frame for anti-angiogenic drug administration, and the dose of the drug arise naturally in the model and are highlighted as crucial factors in maximizing treatment benefits. Prolonged anti-angiogenic treatment triggers cancer cell migration into healthy tissue and induces immunosuppression due to hypoxia, potentially leading to negative effects because these cancer cells will rapidly proliferate upon treatment termination. In conclusion, the positive contribution of anti-angiogenic treatment must balance the possible negative effects by choosing a proper treatment protocol as well as combining it with proper anti-cancer treatment. Our findings provide valuable insights and a framework for the design of protocols with anti-angiogenic treatment, targeted immunotherapy, and non-targeted anti-cancer therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":501703,"journal":{"name":"npj Biological Physics and Mechanics","volume":"1 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11698377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}