npj Biological Physics and Mechanics最新文献

{"title":"Roles of chemical species transport and transformation in the biophysics of human pathophysiology.","authors":"Kazeem B Olanrewaju, Ashlee N Ford Versypt","doi":"10.1038/s44341-025-00025-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44341-025-00025-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review focuses on the roles of chemical species transport and biochemical and biophysical transformation within the gastrointestinal and immune systems and interactions with tissue structure and biomechanics in the mechanisms of pathophysiological conditions including gastrointestinal reflux disease and allergic responses. Combinations of biophysical and biochemical techniques are needed to unravel the complex interplay between transport and transformation to develop more effective interventions and ultimately improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":501703,"journal":{"name":"npj Biological Physics and Mechanics","volume":"2 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12328227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144819037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue-dependent mechanosensing by cells derived from human tumors.","authors":"Kshitiz Parihar, Jonathan Nukpezah, Daniel V Iwamoto, Katrina Cruz, Fitzroy J Byfield, LiKang Chin, Maria E Murray, Melissa G Mendez, Anne S van Oosten, Anne Herrmann, Elisabeth E Charrier, Peter A Galie, Megan Donlick, Tongkeun Lee, Paul A Janmey, Ravi Radhakrishnan","doi":"10.1038/s44341-025-00023-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44341-025-00023-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alterations of the extracellular matrix (ECM), including both mechanical (such as stiffening of the ECM) and chemical (such as variation of adhesion proteins and deposition of hyaluronic acid (HA)) changes, in malignant tissues have been shown to mediate tumor progression. To survey how cells from different tissue types respond to various changes in ECM mechanics and composition, we measured physical characteristics (adherent area, shape, cell stiffness, and cell speed) of 25 cancer and 5 non-tumorigenic cell lines on 7 different substrate conditions. Our results indicate substantial heterogeneity in how cell mechanics changes within and across tissue types in response to mechanosensitive and chemosensitive changes in ECM. The analysis also underscores the role of HA in ECM with some cell lines showing changes in cell mechanics in response to presence of HA in soft substrate that are similar to those observed on stiff substrates. This pan-cancer investigation also highlights the importance of tissue-type and cell line specificity for inferences made based on comparison between physical properties of cancer and normal cells. Lastly, using unsupervised machine learning, we identify phenotypic classes that characterize the physical plasticity, i.e., the distribution of physical feature values attainable, of a particular cell type in response to different ECM-based conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":501703,"journal":{"name":"npj Biological Physics and Mechanics","volume":"2 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12328224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144819038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of dynamic reciprocity in 3D cell migration: connecting cell and matrix mechanics to migratory plasticity.","authors":"Jacob J Duggan, Ryan J Petrie","doi":"10.1038/s44341-025-00027-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44341-025-00027-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While migratory cells can quickly change their mode of migration in complex three-dimensional environments, it is not clear why. Understanding the dynamic and reciprocal relationship migrating cells have with their microenvironments may help reveal why migratory plasticity, or mode-switching, is a common feature of eukaryotic cell motility. In this review, we discuss the physical and mechanical properties of cells and the environments they move through, and how those properties can influence each other. Given the dual role of the cytoskeleton in cell migration and cellular mechanics, we suggest that migratory plasticity derives from the necessity for the cell to maintain mechanical homeostasis in diverse physical environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":501703,"journal":{"name":"npj Biological Physics and Mechanics","volume":"2 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12408347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145017035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellular mechanisms of traumatic brain injury.","authors":"Gia Kang, Eng Kuan Moo, Rohan Banton, Oren E Petel, Andrew R Harris","doi":"10.1038/s44341-025-00020-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44341-025-00020-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is an acute injury with immediate and medium-term symptom presentation. However, our mechanistic understanding of mTBI and how mechanical loading of soft cellular tissues leads to injury is limited. The aim of this review is to introduce this interdisciplinary field to non-experts and provide an overview of our current understanding of how mechanical trauma contributes to cellular injury. Here, we compare the significance of various measures of mechanical loading including strain magnitude, strain rate, loading mode, and frequency, and their relative significance for cell and tissue injury in <i>in vitro</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> experimental models reported in the literature. Interestingly, while it is difficult to define a precise injury threshold value based on strain magnitude alone, cellular injury is commonly observed at strain rates of >0.1 s^-1, higher than rates observed in many normal cell functions (< 0.01 s^-1). We explore the role of the plasma membrane, cytoskeleton, and specialized structures in maintaining cell integrity during traumatic injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":501703,"journal":{"name":"npj Biological Physics and Mechanics","volume":"2 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144236433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micromechanics of lung capillaries across mouse lifespan and in positive- vs negative-pressure ventilation.","authors":"Kathryn Regan, Lauren Castle, Robert LeBourdais, Abdulrahman Kobayter, Linzheng Shi, Winita Wangsrikhun, Gabrielle Grifno, Rohin Banerji, Athanasios Batgidis, Béla Suki, Hadi T Nia","doi":"10.1038/s44341-025-00026-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44341-025-00026-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lung undergoes continuous remodeling throughout normal development and aging, including changes to alveolar and capillary structure and function. While histological methods allow for static analysis of these age-related changes, characterizing the changes that occur in response to mechanical stimuli remains difficult, particularly over a dynamic, physiologically relevant range in a functioning lung. Alveolar and capillary distension - the change in diameter of alveoli and capillaries, respectively, in response to pressure changes - is one such process, where dynamically controlling and monitoring the diameter of the same capillary or alveolus is essential to inferring its mechanical properties. We overcome these limitations by utilizing the recently developed crystal ribcage to image the alveoli and vasculature of a functional mouse lung across the lifespan in postnatal (6-7 days), young adult (12-18 weeks), and aged (20+ months) mice. Using a range of biologically relevant vascular (0-15 cmH₂O) and transpulmonary (3-12 cm H₂O) pressures, we directly quantify vascular and alveolar distention in the functional lung as we precisely adjust pulmonary pressures. Our results show differences in age-related alveolar and vascular distensibility: when we increase transpulmonary alveolar or vascular pressure, vessels in postnatal lungs expand less and undergo less radial and axial strain under each respective pressure type, suggesting stiffer capillaries than in older lungs. However, while vessels in young adult and aged lungs respond similarly to variations in vascular pressure, differences in elasticity start to emerge at the alveolar scale in response to transpulmonary alveolar pressure changes. Our results further indicate that differing effects of ventilation mode (i.e., positive vs. negative) present themselves at the capillary level, with vessels under positive pressure undergoing more compression than when under negative-pressure conditions. These findings contribute both to the understanding of the functional changes that occur within the lung across the lifespan, as well as to the debate of ventilation effects on lung microphysiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":501703,"journal":{"name":"npj Biological Physics and Mechanics","volume":"2 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12408335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145017052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The synergistic potential of mechanotherapy and sonopermeation to enhance cancer treatment effectiveness.","authors":"Constantina Neophytou, Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos, Fotios Mpekris","doi":"10.1038/s44341-025-00017-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44341-025-00017-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inefficient drug delivery in tumors, especially in desmoplastic cancers, arises from blood vessel collapse due to tumor stiffening and mechanical compression. Vessel collapse also leads to hypoxia, immune evasion, and metastasis, reducing treatment efficacy. Mechanotherapeutics and ultrasound sonopermeation, which address tumor stiffness and enhance vessel permeability, respectively, show promise in restoring tumor microenvironment abnormalities and improving drug delivery. This perspective highlights their independent and combined potential to optimize cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":501703,"journal":{"name":"npj Biological Physics and Mechanics","volume":"2 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12052595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupled X-ray imaging/diffraction reveals soil mechanics during analogous root growth.","authors":"James Le Houx, Daniel McKay Fletcher, Alberto Leonardi, Katherine A Williams, Nancy Walker, Fernando Alvarez-Borges, Ebrahim Afsar Dizaj, Madhu Murthy, Ronan Smith, Liam Perera, Navid Aslani, Andrew James, Sharif Ahmed, Tiina Roose, Siul Ruiz","doi":"10.1038/s44341-025-00021-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44341-025-00021-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil compaction and escalating global drought increase soil strength and stiffness. It remains unclear which plant root biomechanical mechanisms/traits enable growth in these harsh conditions. Here, we combine synchrotron X-ray computed tomography with spatially resolved X-ray diffraction to characterize the biomechanics of a replica root-soil system. We map the strain field around the root tip analog, finding strong agreement with finite element simulations, thereby demonstrating a promising new in vivo measurement protocol.</p>","PeriodicalId":501703,"journal":{"name":"npj Biological Physics and Mechanics","volume":"2 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12226333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Premetastatic niche mechanics and organotropism in breast cancer.","authors":"Sarah Libring, Cynthia A Reinhart-King","doi":"10.1038/s44341-025-00015-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44341-025-00015-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous physical and mechanical changes occur in the premetastatic niche. Here, we review the mechanics of the premetastatic niche and how the altered extracellular matrix and cancer cell mechanics may play a role in organotropism in breast cancer. Future research into premetastatic niche development and organotropic cell behavior should address physical alterations and biomechanical effects to the same rigor that biochemical alterations are studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":501703,"journal":{"name":"npj Biological Physics and Mechanics","volume":"2 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}