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Heritage expertise and tram closures in the World Heritage City of Toruń, Poland 波兰托伦世界遗产城市的遗产专业知识和电车停运问题
The Journal of Transport History Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1177/00225266241263669
Iuliia Eremenko, Tymoteusz Kraski
{"title":"Heritage expertise and tram closures in the World Heritage City of Toruń, Poland","authors":"Iuliia Eremenko, Tymoteusz Kraski","doi":"10.1177/00225266241263669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266241263669","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines to what extent heritage considerations guided the closure of an operating tramline in Toruń's Old Town prior to its designation as a World Heritage City. The study is based on an analysis of local newspapers’ articles over a decade, encompassing the period before and after the tramline was closed. Additionally, it incorporates evaluations of historical public transport maps, content analysis of public consultation reports and expert interviews. The closure's narratives drew on factors including safety, operating costs, modernisation, and the promotion of tourism, all carefully tailored to confer legitimacy upon the decision. While heritage considerations and heritage experts’ opinions may have contributed indirectly to the formulation of policy, these elements were entirely absent from the narratives of justifications preceding the tramline's closure. The study traces, following the tramline's closure, a marked evolution in the narrative, which came progressively to emphasise the protection of Toruń's cultural heritage.","PeriodicalId":501587,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The centrality of railways in the German concentration camp system: Jewish slave labourers’ relocation experiences 铁路在德国集中营系统中的核心地位：犹太奴工的迁移经历
The Journal of Transport History Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1177/00225266241262736
Daan de Leeuw
{"title":"The centrality of railways in the German concentration camp system: Jewish slave labourers’ relocation experiences","authors":"Daan de Leeuw","doi":"10.1177/00225266241262736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266241262736","url":null,"abstract":"This article scrutinises the role railways played in the existence of the German concentration camp system during the Third Reich era. Through the lens of Jewish slave labourers’ experiences, I argue that the numerous daily transports of prisoners from site to site were the backbone of the SS camp system. Grounded in survivor testimonies and Nazi administrative records, this paper traces the pathways of Dutch Jewish deportees on a single deportation transport to the concentration camps and addresses the impact of the frequent displacements upon the inmates. In general, the Germans decided which detainee was sent where, yet sometimes the victims could interfere in the selection process or evade relocation to another site. The maps in this article visualise the trajectories of several Dutch Jews; they demonstrate that prisoner relocation was a common phenomenon and reveal the vast distance that inmates covered by train.","PeriodicalId":501587,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tramway closure representations as tools in critical urbanism: London and Glasgow on film, 1953–62 作为批判城市主义工具的有轨电车关闭表述：1953-62 年电影中的伦敦和格拉斯哥
The Journal of Transport History Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1177/00225266241262639
Jason Finch
{"title":"Tramway closure representations as tools in critical urbanism: London and Glasgow on film, 1953–62","authors":"Jason Finch","doi":"10.1177/00225266241262639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266241262639","url":null,"abstract":"Film representations of transport networks’ closure events are valuable materials in a critical, comparative urban studies. Here, 1953 and 1962 films commemorating the last nights of the London and Glasgow tramways exemplify such use. The present study examines them as part of work towards an understanding of public transport as a type of contested public space, since publics can have them removed. On the one hand, both films manufacture consent for the removal of on-street electric public transport on rails at a time when internal combustion engine vehicles, both private and public, were becoming more and more widespread in the UK. On the other, the film-makers provide affectionate views of urban transport modes which in the late twentieth century were largely considered obsolete, thus paving the way for heritage discourses of transport and even anticipating sustainability-led positions on the city that would only gain traction decades after these networks closed.","PeriodicalId":501587,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Higher up, further” approaching air transport in postcolonial Africa through the biographies of planes "更高更远"--通过飞机传记了解殖民后非洲的航空运输
The Journal of Transport History Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1177/00225266241263547
Marie Huber
{"title":"“Higher up, further” approaching air transport in postcolonial Africa through the biographies of planes","authors":"Marie Huber","doi":"10.1177/00225266241263547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266241263547","url":null,"abstract":"The 1960s were a pivotal moment for global air transport: the confluence of the technological innovations of the jet age and the formal decolonisation of most African countries resulted in a new connectivity between Africa and the world, as global aerial mobility rapidly intensified. This paper focuses on the multifaceted role of the jet plane in this process. Jets as flag carriers were key objects in terms of national representation on foreign ground for the newly independent nations. They featured prominently as icons of postcolonial African modernity, were diplomatic tools in the Cold War context and were valuable business assets in a competitive global market. The biographies of the first African-owned jets, Air Afrique's DC-8s and Ethiopian Airlines’ Boeing 720Bs, were analysed for this paper. Following these biographies brings to the fore the social life of planes as a new and exciting research avenue for postcolonial aerial infrastructure and geographies.","PeriodicalId":501587,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gujranwala, 14 April 1919: Terror from air and airmindedness in late colonial India 古杰兰瓦拉，1919 年 4 月 14 日：殖民地后期印度的空中恐怖和空想主义
The Journal of Transport History Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1177/00225266241262473
Joppan George
{"title":"Gujranwala, 14 April 1919: Terror from air and airmindedness in late colonial India","authors":"Joppan George","doi":"10.1177/00225266241262473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266241262473","url":null,"abstract":"This article revisits one of the earliest instances of British colonial aerial aggression in an urban milieu in South Asia to better understand the normative conceptions of airmindedness, the popular appreciation of aviation. A day after the massacre of unarmed civilians in Jalianwala Bagh, Amritsar, in 1919, three Royal Air Force airplanes armed with bombs and machine guns flew out from Lahore toward Gujranwala in Punjab. The event unleashed a whirlwind of rumours that spread from Lahore to Rangoon, which spoke of the collective fears of aerial violence. If the scant evidence presented by the pilots to the official inquiry into the unrest in Punjab served only to whitewash the record, a peoples’ report that marshalled witness testimonies indicted the colonial state's proclivity for violence. By assembling photographic evidence and crafting a cartographic triangulation of the sites of bombing from their testimonies, the colonial subjects challenged the statist narrative. The asymmetry of vertical violence in Gujranwala was also excavated as political commentary in a novel published in New York by an Indian author. By piecing together these disparate discursive fragments, my article attempts to make a composite sketch of the popular responses to trace a non-Western perspective on airmindedness.","PeriodicalId":501587,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exhibiting Holden: Best practice and practical problems in a national motor museum 展示霍顿：国家汽车博物馆的最佳实践和实际问题
The Journal of Transport History Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1177/00225266241257684
Jennifer Clark, Michelangelo Bolognese, Carolyn Collins
{"title":"Exhibiting Holden: Best practice and practical problems in a national motor museum","authors":"Jennifer Clark, Michelangelo Bolognese, Carolyn Collins","doi":"10.1177/00225266241257684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266241257684","url":null,"abstract":"Holden is arguably the most important vehicle brand in Australian transport history. As a result, it is intimately tied to the cultural, social and economic history of the nation. This paper discusses the tension that emerges, and the issues faced when trying to bring Holden, and all it represents, into the museum space and tell its complex story to a diverse and changing public audience. The task has been magnified, facilitated and made more urgent since the closure of the last Australian Holden manufacturing plant in 2017. Now that Holden is more realistically identified with a defined historical period, this article explores how the National Motor Museum of Australia (NMM) represents that history through thoughtful and appropriate museological practice.","PeriodicalId":501587,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141341139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Commercial aviation and the military: Aerolíneas Argentinas during the last two dictatorships (1966–1973 and 1976–1983) 商业航空与军队：最后两次独裁统治（1966-1973 年和 1976-1983 年）期间的阿根廷航空公司
The Journal of Transport History Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1177/00225266241260804
Melina Piglia
{"title":"Commercial aviation and the military: Aerolíneas Argentinas during the last two dictatorships (1966–1973 and 1976–1983)","authors":"Melina Piglia","doi":"10.1177/00225266241260804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266241260804","url":null,"abstract":"This work deals with the policies concerning Aerolíneas Argentinas, Argentina's flag carrier, during two periods of authoritarian rule: the self-titled Revolución Argentina (1966–1973) and Proceso de Reorganización Nacional (1976–1983). The article seeks to explain the apparent contradiction between the contrasting economic policies of the two dictatorships (one “developmentalist”, the other neo-liberal), and the coherent trajectory of Aerolíneas, characterised by the efforts to implement a more efficient commercial management; the transformation of the fleet, the focus of domestic operations on profitable trunk routes; and finally, the boosting of international aviation. The central argument is that this consistency was the result of two factors: firstly, the fact that since 1955 Aerolíneas and aerocommercial policy were part of the sphere of action of the Argentine Air Force. Secondly, that between 1966 and 1968, the AAF was able to overcome its acute internal disputes and reach a consensus on the direction of airline policy.","PeriodicalId":501587,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141349163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The “veins and arteries of the country” "国家的血管和动脉"
The Journal of Transport History Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1177/00225266241254764
Malte Fuhrmann
{"title":"The “veins and arteries of the country”","authors":"Malte Fuhrmann","doi":"10.1177/00225266241254764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266241254764","url":null,"abstract":"The Bulgarian Principality, established in 1878, witnessed serious contentions over railway accessibility. The central planning state, through its de facto practices of catering to local interests, polarised regions contending against one another. It also witnessed strife between rich and poor articulated in class-based party politics as well as intra-elite struggles between traditional and new elites, fought out in the sphere of cultural capital. Claims to rail accessibility and its gains were expressed in social Darwinian, ethnic, nationalist, economist and socialist discourses. By contrast, the factual division of the railway network into state-run and privately operated services evoked a sense of unity. The Orient Railways served as Enemy Within due to its multinational ownership and profit-oriented policy, first under Maurice de Hirsch's control and later the Deutsche Bank's. This “negative integration” served to gloss over the many social, ethnic, ideological and regional fault lines running through the country which the central state had not managed to bridge.","PeriodicalId":501587,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141381718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thanks to Reviewers 感谢审稿人
The Journal of Transport History Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1177/00225266241230164
{"title":"Thanks to Reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/00225266241230164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266241230164","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501587,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141193715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Death traffic: The railway witnesses of Operation Reinhard 死亡交通莱因哈特行动的铁路目击者
The Journal of Transport History Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1177/00225266241254615
Jacob Flaws
{"title":"Death traffic: The railway witnesses of Operation Reinhard","authors":"Jacob Flaws","doi":"10.1177/00225266241254615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266241254615","url":null,"abstract":"Historian Raul Hilberg once observed of death trains: “It's just very regular traffic. Death traffic”. Though subtle, his insinuation that this death traffic represented a “new normal” is, in fact, an astute observation of a largely unresearched process whereby Polish railway workers, and locals living near railway tracks, became witnesses to the Holocaust through observing the distinctive new “traffic” flowing by their spaces of home and work. In this case study, therefore, I examine these “death traffic witnesses” to reveal how their experiences highlight a critical reality about genocide in our modern world – its ability to transform relatively banal spaces (in peacetime) into horrific ones when employed for sinister purposes. In this case, those banal spaces are the railways that cut through our modern landscapes as symbols of connection, commerce and transport; their steel rails cutting through backyards and city centres linking even remote villages with major metropolises.","PeriodicalId":501587,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141193600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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