bioRxiv - Zoology最新文献_第8页

The geometry of prey capture in praying mantis forelegs 螳螂前肢捕捉猎物的几何形状

bioRxiv - Zoology Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.18.590067

Shu D Dan, Danielle S Taylor, Jaime Yockey, Gavin J Svenson, Joshua P Martin

{"title":"The geometry of prey capture in praying mantis forelegs","authors":"Shu D Dan, Danielle S Taylor, Jaime Yockey, Gavin J Svenson, Joshua P Martin","doi":"10.1101/2024.04.18.590067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.18.590067","url":null,"abstract":"The form of an animal's limbs has to balance multiple functions: locomotion, grasping, climbing, and jumping, among others. For cryptic animals, especially those that resemble elements of their habitat like sticks or grasses, the limbs may also be modified to enhance the camouflage. The performance of a limb in one category may require a tradeoff, reducing performance in another category. Praying mantises provide a diverse group of insects who all use their forelegs for one function, capturing prey, while some species use them as part of their camouflage. Here we use a large database of images of mantis species to capture the variation in morphology across the order, and to calculate the largest prey that their forelegs can hold. We find that the length and thickness of the femur and the length of the tibia comprise most of the variability across species. The majority of species have similar foreleg morphology, with two large groups extending into areas of the morphospace with thicker or thinner forelegs. A geometric relationship between dimensions of the foreleg and the optimal prey diameter maps directly onto the variability across species determined by principal components analysis; legs with thinner femurs and shorter tibia can't hold large prey, and the distribution of the species across the morphospace follows the gradient of optimum prey size. These results suggest that some species trade ability to grasp larger prey for benefits including crypsis, and the praying mantises are an ideal system for studying morphological and functional variation in limbs.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Colonial Architecture Modulates the Speed and Efficiency of Multi-Jet Swimming in Salp Colonies 殖群结构调节萨尔普殖群多喷流游泳的速度和效率

bioRxiv - Zoology Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.18.590155

Alejandro Damian-Serrano, Kaiden A Walton, Anneliese Bishop-Perdue, Sophie Bagoye, Kevin T. Du Clos, Bradford J Gemmell, Sean P Colin, John H Costello, Kelly R Sutherland

{"title":"Colonial Architecture Modulates the Speed and Efficiency of Multi-Jet Swimming in Salp Colonies","authors":"Alejandro Damian-Serrano, Kaiden A Walton, Anneliese Bishop-Perdue, Sophie Bagoye, Kevin T. Du Clos, Bradford J Gemmell, Sean P Colin, John H Costello, Kelly R Sutherland","doi":"10.1101/2024.04.18.590155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.18.590155","url":null,"abstract":"Salps are marine pelagic tunicates with a complex life cycle including a solitary and colonial stage. Salp colonies are composed of asexually budded individuals that coordinate their swimming by multi-jet propulsion. Colonies develop into species-specific architectures with distinct zooid orientations. We hypothesize that colonial architecture drives differences in swimming performance between salps due to differences in how frontal drag scales with the number of propeller zooids in the colony. Moreover, we hypothesize that faster-swimming taxa are more energetically efficient in their locomotion since less energy would be devoted to overcoming drag forces. We (1) compare swimming speed across salp species and architectures, (2) evaluate how swimming speed scales with the number of zooids in the colony in architectures with constant and scaling frontal cross-sectional area, and (3) compare the metabolic cost of transport across different species and how it scales with swimming speed. To measure their swimming speeds, we recorded swimming salp colonies using in situ videography while SCUBA diving in the open ocean. To estimate the cost of transport, we measured the respiration rates of swimming and anesthetized salps collected in situ using jars equipped with non-invasive oxygen sensors. We found that linear colonies generally swim faster and with a lower cost of transport due to their differential advantage in frontal drag scaling with an increasing number of zooids. These findings underscore the importance of considering propeller arrangement to optimize speed and energy efficiency in bioinspired underwater vehicle design, leveraging lessons learned from the diverse natural laboratory provided by salp diversity.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

First endangered black-footed ferrets, Mustela nigripes, cloned for genetic rescue 克隆首只濒危黑脚雪貂以拯救基因

bioRxiv - Zoology Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.17.589896

Ben Jacob Novak, Pete Gober, Robyn Bortner, Della Garelle, Mary Wright, Justin Novak, Marlys L Houck, Oliver A Ryder, Dennis Milutinovich, Jill Benavidez, Kerry Ryan, Shawn Walker, Sanaz Sadeghieh Arenivas, Lauren Aston, Blake Russell, Paul Marinari, Adrienne Crosier, Kelly Helmick, Mary R Gibson, Daniel P Carlson, Bradley J Swanson, Samantha M Wisely, Zoe S White, Colleen Lynch, Ryan Phelan

引用次数: 0

Enhancements in squid retinal responses to change of polarizations in a caustic shallow water 乌贼视网膜对腐蚀性浅水中偏振变化的反应增强

bioRxiv - Zoology Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.17.589948

Jing Cai, Sergei Nikonov, Alison M Sweeney

{"title":"Enhancements in squid retinal responses to change of polarizations in a caustic shallow water","authors":"Jing Cai, Sergei Nikonov, Alison M Sweeney","doi":"10.1101/2024.04.17.589948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.17.589948","url":null,"abstract":"Marine animals with polarization vision are able to effectively detect moving objects in shallow waters, which are illuminated by dynamic fluctuations of downwelling light known as caustics. While behavioral studies across different animal species have demonstrated the support of polarization vision in moving object detection within this noisy environment, little is known about how their retinal photoreceptors, absorbing polarized photons, respond to moving objects, or how each photoreceptor contributes to the collective retinal reaction to changes in polarization. In this study, we employed multi-electrode array recordings to examine the retinal neural response of squid to polarized light stimuli that were designed to simulate caustics environment. Extracellular retinal recordings not only exhibit neural activities selective to the direction of polarization but also demonstrate a significant enhancement in response to stimuli with changing polarization compared to constant polarization. This enhancement is robust in almost all recording channels, but absent in a random permutation of the recordings from different trial types. These results suggest that the retinal photoreceptors directly encode the change of polarization stimuli, thereby contributing to signal detections with polarization vision. Together, our research represents a novel neural exploration of cephalopod polarization vision in a caustic environment, and advances our understanding of how nature parses scenes with salient, dynamic polarization in animal vision.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":"221 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140629026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Common viral infections inhibit egg laying in honey bee queens and are linked to premature supersedure 常见的病毒感染会抑制蜜蜂蜂王产卵，并与过早绝育有关

bioRxiv - Zoology Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.16.589807

Abigail A Chapman, Alison McAfee, David R Tarpy, Julia Fine, Zoe Rempel, Kira Peters, Rob Currie, Leonard Foster

{"title":"Common viral infections inhibit egg laying in honey bee queens and are linked to premature supersedure","authors":"Abigail A Chapman, Alison McAfee, David R Tarpy, Julia Fine, Zoe Rempel, Kira Peters, Rob Currie, Leonard Foster","doi":"10.1101/2024.04.16.589807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.16.589807","url":null,"abstract":"With their long lives and extreme reproductive output, social insect queens have escaped the classic trade-off between fecundity and lifespan but evidence for a trade-off between fecundity and immunity has been inconclusive. This is in part because pathogenic effects are seldom decoupled from effects of immune induction. We conducted parallel, blind virus infection experiments in the laboratory and in the field to interrogate the idea of a reproductive immunity trade-off and better understand how these ubiquitous honey bee stressors affect queen health. We found that queens injected with infectious virus had smaller ovaries and were less likely to recommence egg-laying than controls, while queens injected with UV-inactivated virus displayed an intermediate phenotype. In the field, heavily infected queens had smaller ovaries and infection was a meaningful predictor of whether supersedure cells were observed in the colony. Immune responses in queens receiving live virus were similar to queens receiving inactivated virus, and several of the same immune proteins were negatively associated with ovary mass in the field. This work solidifies the relationship between virus infection and symptoms associated with queen failure and suggests that a reproductive-immunity trade-off is partially, but not wholly responsible for these effects.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140624915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The population genetics of Strongyloides papillosus in Pakistani goats revealed by whole genome sequencing 通过全基因组测序揭示巴基斯坦山羊乳头状强直球菌的种群遗传学特征

bioRxiv - Zoology Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.16.589736

Kiran Afshan, Yuchen Liu, Mark Viney

引用次数: 0

A new leaf sensing organ in a predatory insect group, the praying mantises (Mantodea) 捕食性昆虫螳螂（螳螂科）的一种新叶感知器官

bioRxiv - Zoology Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.14.589444

Sydney K. Brannoch, Julian Katzke, Danielle S Taylor, Evan P Economo, Yuri Ogawa, Ajay Narendra, Gavin J Svenson, Joshua P Martin

引用次数: 0

Reanalysis of sequences of alleged Javan tiger highlights the difficulties in studying big cats and the need for high throughput sequencing. 对指称的爪哇虎序列的重新分析凸显了研究大型猫科动物的困难以及对高通量测序的需求。

bioRxiv - Zoology Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.15.589466

Anubhab Khan, Yulianto Yulianto, Sabhrina Gita Aninta, Wirdateti Wirdateti

引用次数: 0

A fast fish swimming protocol that provides similar insights as critical sustained swimming speed 快速游鱼方案可提供与临界持续游速类似的洞察力

bioRxiv - Zoology Pub Date : 2024-04-14 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.10.588974

Stephanie May Bamford, Frank Seebacher

引用次数: 0

No Reliable Evidence Supports the Presence of Javan Tigers - Data Issues Related to the DNA Analysis of a Recent Hair Sample 没有可靠证据证明爪哇虎的存在--与最近毛发样本的 DNA 分析有关的数据问题

bioRxiv - Zoology Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.08.588384

Zheng-Yan Sui, Nobuyuki Yamaguchi, Yue-Chen Liu, Hao-Ran Xue, Xin Sun, Philip Nyhus, Shu-Jin Luo

{"title":"No Reliable Evidence Supports the Presence of Javan Tigers - Data Issues Related to the DNA Analysis of a Recent Hair Sample","authors":"Zheng-Yan Sui, Nobuyuki Yamaguchi, Yue-Chen Liu, Hao-Ran Xue, Xin Sun, Philip Nyhus, Shu-Jin Luo","doi":"10.1101/2024.04.08.588384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.08.588384","url":null,"abstract":"A paper recently published in <em>Oryx</em> by Wirdateti et al. (2024) suggests that the extinct Javan tiger may still survive on the Island of Java, Indonesia, based on mtDNA analysis of a single hair collected from a claimed tiger encounter site. After carefully re-analyzing the data presented in Wirdateti et al. (2024), we conclude that there is little support for the authors’ statements. Importantly, the sequences of the putative tiger hair and museum Javan tiger specimens generated by the authors are not from tiger cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA but more likely the nuclear copies of mitochondrial DNA. In addition, the high mismatches found between the two “Javan tiger” sequences generated by the authors is unusual for homologous sequences that are both from tigers and hence indicative of data unreliability. Yet, too few details regarding the quality control were provided in Wirdateti et al. (2024) to rule out the possibility of contamination introduced during the data production process. In conclusion, it is inappropriate to use these unreliable sequences presented in Wirdateti et al. (2024) to infer the existence of the Javan tiger.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140600033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0