bioRxiv - Zoology最新文献

{"title":"Bisphenol A affects the development and the onset of photosymbiosis in the acoel Symsagittifera roscoffensis","authors":"Roberta Pennati, Nicolò Cartelli, Chiara Castelletti, Francesco Ficetola, Xavier Bailly, Silvia Mercurio","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.03.592490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.03.592490","url":null,"abstract":"Photosymbiosis indicates a long-term association between animals and photosynthetic organisms. It has been mainly investigated in photosymbiotic cnidarians, while other photosymbiotic associations have been largely neglected. The acoel Symsagittifera roscoffensis lives in obligatory symbiosis with the microalgal Tetraselmis convolutae and has recently emerged as alternative model to study photosymbiosis. Here, we investigated the effects of Bisphenol A, a common plastic additive, on two pivotal stages of its lifecycle: aposymbiotic juvenile development and photosymbiogenesis. Based on our results, this pollutant altered the development of the worms and their capacity to engulf algae from the environment at concentrations higher than the levels detected in seawater, yet aligning with those documented in sediments of populated areas. Data provide novel information about the effects of pollutants on photosymbiotic associations and prompt the necessity to monitor their concentrations in marine environmental matrices.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring media representation of the exotic pet trade: taxonomic, framing, and language biases in peer-reviewed publications and newspaper articles.","authors":"Jon Bielby, Gail E. Austen, Kirsten M. McMillan, Shannen M. Wafflart","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.01.592090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.01.592090","url":null,"abstract":"1.\tThe exotic pet trade is a global industry with considerable implications for a range of taxa and stakeholders. The scale of the trade means it receives coverage in both popular and scientific media, and some narratives may receive more attention than others. As these media play an important role in shaping public opinion, policy, and legislation, we should consider and acknowledge biases and language use when reporting on the exotic pet trade. 2.\tWe use 320 peer-reviewed journal articles, and 191 newspaper articles on the exotic pet trade between 2001 and 2020 to investigate the frequency of use, citation rate, and language-use across framing categories and taxonomic foci within and between media-types. 3.\tOur results suggest consistent biases in reporting of the trade within and between media-types, highlighting limitations in both. Aspects of welfare were underrepresented in peer-reviewed articles relative to other framings, but it was the most common focus of newspaper articles. 4.\tIf the exotic pet trade is to develop into a more ethical, sustainable, economically beneficial sector, then reassessing our narratives, improving knowledge flow, and encouraging interdisciplinary and comprehensive debates within the field will be essential parts of the process.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140886842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive adult jumping worms in Atlantic Canada are chill-susceptible","authors":"Victoria E Adams, Subash Raj Chettiar, Tanner M Clow, Emily Gendron, Amber L Gough, Brianna E M Stewart, Erin K Cameron, Jantina Toxopeus","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.02.592186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.02.592186","url":null,"abstract":"The jumping worm <em>Amynthas tokioensis</em> is invasive in North America, and it has been expanding its range northward in recent years. Because low temperatures typically restrict the geographic distribution of organisms, our goal was to characterize the cold tolerance physiology of adult jumping worms from a site in New Brunswick, Canada (c. 45°N), with the intent of better understanding their geographic range limits. Most of our experiments supported the conclusion that these worms are chill-susceptible: they die during or after exposure to relatively mild low temperatures. When gradually cooled, adult worms lost neuromuscular coordination at approximately 0 °C and froze at a mean temperature of -4.5 °C. They did not survive freezing and showed poor survival following 1 h exposures to 0 °C and subzero temperatures. At higher mild temperatures (5 °C), the worms could survive short (up to 6 h) but not long (e.g., 48 h) chilling durations. We attempted to induce improved cold tolerance via a five-week gradual acclimation to fall-like temperatures, but fall-acclimated worms showed poor survival during and after this acclimation. Acclimation also did not induce accumulation of glucose, a typical cryoprotectant in earthworms. We suggest that <em>A. tokioensis</em> can likely persist wherever the growing season is sufficiently warm and long enough for the adults to mature, reproduce, and lay cocoons prior to the chilling temperatures associated with early fall. Future work examining the cold tolerance of the overwintering cocoons will be important for fully understanding the northern range limits of these jumping worms.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140886953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managed honey bee colony losses and causes during the active beekeeping season 2022/2023 in nine Sub-Saharan African countries","authors":"Beatrice Tchuidjang Nganso, Workneh Ayalew, Abebe J. Wubie, Freweini Assefa, Lulseged Belayhun, Nelly N. Ndungu, Daniel Toroitich, Z. Ngalo Otieno-Ayayo, Mbatha B. Wambua, Yudah O. Oyieyo, Ntirenganya Elie, Rachidatou Sikirou, Souradji B. Idrissou, Willy Mwiza, Simon Turner, Bridget O. Bobadoye, Sidonie T. Fameni, Sayemie Gaboe, Mawufe K. Agbodzavu, Patrick Mafwila, Geraud C. Tasse Taboue, Kimathi Emily, Tonnang Z.E. Henri, Saliou Niassy, Simplice N. Fonkou, Christian W.W. Pirk, Alison Gray, Robert Brodschneider, Victoria Soroker, Sevgan Subramanian","doi":"10.1101/2024.04.30.591982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.30.591982","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports for the first-time managed honey bee colony loss rates and associated risk factors during the active beekeeping season 2022/2023 in nine Sub-Saharan African countries, namely Kenya, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Uganda, Benin, Liberia, Nigeria, Cameroon and Democratic Republic of the Congo. The sustainability of bee swarm catches as a main honey bee colony source tool for operation expansion by African beekeepers was also evaluated in Kenya and Ethiopia. In this survey, the 1,786 interviewed beekeepers across these countries collectively managing 41,761 colonies registered an overall loss rate of 21.3%, which varied significantly among countries (from 9.7 to 45.3%) and hive types (from 10.6% in hives with movable frames to 17.9% in frameless hives). The perceived causes of losses in order of significance were issues beyond the beekeeper control (mainly theft, drought, and bushfire), absconding and pests (mainly wax moth, small and large hive beetles, ants and Varroa destructor mite), but this pattern varied greatly across countries. Among the management practices and characteristics, migratory operations and professional beekeepers experienced lower losses than stationary operations and semi-professionals and hobby beekeepers. Insights into the number of bee swarms caught revealed significant decreases in swarm availability over the past three years in Kenya. The opposite situation was observed in some regions of Ethiopia. These trends require further investigation. Overall, this comprehensive survey sheds light on the complexities and challenges beekeepers faced in Sub-Saharan Africa, pointing to the need for targeted interventions and sustained research to support the resilience and growth of the apicultural sector.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waves of light at the bottom of the ocean: insights into the luminous systems of three Pennatuloidea (Anthozoa)","authors":"Laurent Duchatelet, Gabriela A. Galeazzo, Constance Coubris, Laure Bridoux, René Rezsohazy, Marcelo R.S. Melo, Martin Marek, Sam Dupont, Anderson G. Oliveira, Jérôme Delroisse","doi":"10.1101/2024.04.30.591678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.30.591678","url":null,"abstract":"Bioluminescence is the production of visible light by living organisms. This process occurs biochemically through the primary oxidation of specific luciferin substrates, facilitated by enzymes known as luciferases. Moreover, the bioluminescent reaction often involves additional elements like auxiliary proteins or cofactors. Auxiliary proteins, such as fluorescent proteins and coelenterazine-binding proteins, for example, may serve various roles, such as altering the wavelength of the emitted light or stabilizing the highly reactive and unstable luciferin, respectively. Calcium has been demonstrated to serve as an essential ion in luminescence processes across various species. Despite the existence of numerous bioluminescent species, only a fraction of bioluminescent systems and their associated molecular actors have been thoroughly studied. Within anthozoans, the bioluminescence system of the Renilla genus stands out as the sole extensively characterized system, involving a coelenterazine-dependent luciferase, a calcium-dependent coelenterazine-binding protein, and a green fluorescent protein.\u0000Through a multidisciplinary approach, we investigated the bioluminescent system of three sea pen species: Pennatula phosphorea, Funiculina quadrangularis, and Anthoptilum murrayi (Pennatuloidea, Anthozoa, Cnidaria). We first confirmed or characterized the emission spectra of these species, elucidated the coelenterazine-based reaction, and generated reference transcriptomes for the two first species. Our transcriptomic analysis revealed transcripts encoding luciferases, fluorescent proteins, and coelenterazine-binding proteins, also shedding light on their expression profiles. Immunodetection confirmed the presence of luciferase in P. phosphorea and F. quadrangularis, while autofluorescence patterns attributed to green fluorescent protein or the coelenterazine were observed in P. phosphorea. Furthermore, a recombinant luciferase was expressed for A. murrayi. Our findings also underscore the essential role of calcium ions in bioluminescence, possibly associated with the mechanism of coelenterazine binding and substrate release. Finally, we propose a mechanistic model of bioluminescence in anthozoans, laying the groundwork for further functional characterization and ecological exploration of these sessile and benthic luminous organisms.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective target genes for RNA interference-based management of the cabbage stem flea beetle","authors":"Doga CEDDEN, Gozde Guney, Xavier Debaisieux, Stefan Scholten, Michael Rostas, Gregor Bucher","doi":"10.1101/2024.04.30.591975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.30.591975","url":null,"abstract":"The cabbage stem flea beetle (CSFB, Psylliodes chrysocephala) is a key pest of oilseed rape. The ban on neonicotinoids in the European Union due to environmental concerns and the emergence of pyrethroid-resistant populations have made the control of CSFB extremely challenging. In search of a solution, we have recently shown that RNA interference (RNAi) has potential in the management of CSFB. However, the previously tested target genes for RNAi-mediated pest control (subsequently called target genes) exhibited moderate and slow-acting lethal effects. In this study, 27 double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) were orally delivered to identify highly effective target genes in CSFB adults by leveraging the findings of a genome-wide RNAi screen in Tribolium castaneum. Our screen using 500 ng of dsRNA identified 10 moderately effective (&gt; 50% mortality) and 4 highly effective target genes (100% mortality in 8-13 days). The latter mainly included proteasome subunits. RT-qPCR experiments confirmed target gene silencing and dose-response studies revealed LD50 values as low as ~20 ng in 14 days following a single exposure to dsRNA. Four highly effective dsRNAs also inhibited leaf damage (up to ~75%) and one affected locomotion. The sequences of promising target genes were subjected to in silico target prediction in non-target organisms, e.g., beneficials such as honeybees, to design environmentally friendly dsRNAs. Overall, the study provides valuable insights for the development of dsRNA-based insecticides against CSFB.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of foramen magnum decompression with and without cranioplasty in a rat model of Chiari-like malformation","authors":"Hun-Young Yoon, Jae-Hwan Jung, Chang-Hyeon Cho, Woo-Suk Kim","doi":"10.1101/2024.04.23.590717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.23.590717","url":null,"abstract":"In veterinary medicine, canine Chiari-like malformation (CLM) disease is surgically managed through foramen magnum decompression (FMD) with cranioplasty. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of cranioplasty surgery by establishing a rat CLM model and then applying FMD with and without cranioplasty and comparing the outcomes. Twenty-four 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent surgery to induce CLM by reducing the caudal cranial fossa volume, mimicking cerebellum herniation. The rats were randomly and equally assigned to three groups: a control group (induced CLM), an FO group (induced CLM rats undergoing FMD only), and a CR group (induced CLM rats undergoing FMD with cranioplasty). At 11 weeks of age, the FO and CR groups underwent FMD surgery. Four weeks later, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure the cisterna magna volume to assess surgical outcomes. Post-surgery MRI revealed that the mean cisterna magna volume was 23.82 ± 1.70, 34.88 ± 4.39, and 29.48 ± 2.20 mm3 in the control, FO, and CR groups, respectively. There was a significant increase in the cisterna magna volume in the FO and CR groups compared to that in the control group (p &lt; 0.05), with the FO group showing a significantly greater increase than the CR group (p &lt; 0.05). These findings suggest that FMD surgery alone is more effective at restoring the cisterna magna volume than FMD surgery with cranioplasty. FMD surgery alone resulted in a greater increase in cisterna magna volume than FMD with cranioplasty in our rat CLM model, suggesting that FMD alone may be more effective to treat canine CLM. These findings challenge the typical approach of combining FMD with cranioplasty in treating canine CLM disease and underscore the need for further investigation into optimizing surgical techniques for CLM.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140812583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of diet particle size on growth performance of the edible cricket, Teleogryllus occipitalis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)","authors":"Kohyoh Murata, Takeshi Suzuki","doi":"10.1101/2024.04.22.590628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.22.590628","url":null,"abstract":"Farming edible crickets has environmental and nutritional benefits, as well as social benefits such as livelihood diversification. Commercial feeds for poultry and fish farming are often used to feed crickets, and in recent years, crop and food-processing by-products have also been used to improve sustainability. However, the design of feed for crickets has not been standardized. Here, we investigated growth and development of the Asian field cricket, Teleogryllus occipitalis (Audinet-Serville) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), fed on different forms of the same diet. Body weights and the rate of development were significantly greater in crickets fed on millimetre-order granules than in crickets fed on micrometre-order powder. The result suggests that the granular form is easier for T. occipitalis to grasp and ingest than the powdery form, or that greater hydrophobicity of the powdery form inhibits digestion. Simply feeding millimetre-order granules may contribute to the development of feed design for farming edible crickets.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140799687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anemonefish use sialic acid metabolism as Trojan horse to avoid giant sea anemone stinging","authors":"Natacha Roux, Clement Delannoy, Shin-Yi Yu, Saori Miura, Lilian Carlu, Laurence Besseau, Takahiro Nakagawa, Chihiro Sato, Ken Kitajima, Yann Guerardel, Vincent Laudet","doi":"10.1101/2024.04.22.590498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.22.590498","url":null,"abstract":"Anemonefish association with giant sea anemone is an iconic example of mutualistic symbiosis. Living inside the sea anemone without triggering the firing of highly toxic nematocysts present at the surface of sea anemone tentacles provides a unique shelter to the fish, which in return, by its territorial aggressiveness, protects the sea anemone from predators. The mechanisms by which the fish avoids triggering nematocysts discharge remain elusive. One hypothesis proposes that absence of sialic acids might disable nematocysts discharge. Here, we verified four predictions about the role of sialic acids in anemonefish protection: (i) sialic acid levels are lower in anemonefish mucus than in non-symbiotic and sensitive damselfish mucus; (ii) this decrease is specific to mucus and not observed in other organs; (iii) during post-embryonic development the levels of sialic acids are inversely correlated with the level of protection; (iv) the levels of sialic acids are minimal in sea anemone mucus. Taken together, our results allow us to propose a general model, in which anemonefish specifically regulates the level of sialic acids in their mucus to avoid nematocysts discharge. Our analysis also highlights several genes implicated in sialic acid removal as potential targets for allowing protection. Interestingly, our results also suggest that unrelated juveniles of damselfish (Dascyllus trimaculatus) capable to live in proximity with giant sea anemone may use the same mechanisms. Altogether, our data suggest that clownfish use sialic acids as a Trojan horse system to downplay the defenses of the sea anemones and illustrate the convergent tinkering used by fish to allow a mutualistic association with their hosts.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140806250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors affecting the juvenile departure in Orientobdelloides siamensis (Oka, 1917)","authors":"Poramad Trivalairat, Krittiya Trivalairat, Tashfia Raquib, Watchariya Purivirojkul","doi":"10.1101/2024.04.17.589961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.17.589961","url":null,"abstract":"The departure of juveniles from parental care is an important period influenced by various factors. In the laboratory, 3-5 days after copulation, ten parent individuals of Orientobdelloides siamensis deposited approximately 361.6±37.79 eggs on the substrate and covered them until departure. The parents incubated their single-egg cocoons for around 7-9 days until the juveniles hatched. Subsequently, the newborns turned to attach to the ventral annuli of the parent using their caudal sucker. Between seven to eleven days after hatching, when the caudal sucker of juveniles expanded over the parent's annuli, signaling their readiness to depart, they detached from beneath the parent vent to the substrate but continued to live beneath it. Finally, to determine the timing of juvenile departure, the insufficient space availability beneath the parental vent and yolk depletion around 14-21 days after hatching were analyzed. Through these morphological characteristics and behavior, this study indicated the interactions among these factors contributing to the mechanisms influencing juvenile departure in O. siamensis.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}