bioRxiv - Zoology最新文献_第6页

Feather aerodynamics suggest importance of lift and flow predictability over drag minimization 羽毛空气动力学表明，升力和流动可预测性比阻力最小化更重要

bioRxiv - Zoology Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.27.596009

Frida Alenius, Johan Revstedt, Christoffer Johansson

{"title":"Feather aerodynamics suggest importance of lift and flow predictability over drag minimization","authors":"Frida Alenius, Johan Revstedt, Christoffer Johansson","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.27.596009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.27.596009","url":null,"abstract":"Partly overlapping feathers form a large part of birds wing surfaces, but in many species the outermost feathers split, making each feather function as an independent wing. These feathers are complex structures that evolved to fulfil both aerodynamic and structural functions. Yet, relatively little is known about how the profile shape and microstructures of feathers impact aerodynamic performance. Here we determine, using fluid dynamic modelling, the aerodynamic capabilities of a section of the primary flight feather forming the leading edge of the split wing tip of a Jackdaw (Corvus monedula). Our findings demonstrate that the feather section exhibits a relatively high performance, with lift comparable to manmade aerofoils and plates with larger camber at higher Reynolds number. However, there is a drag penalty associated with the feather shaft. The models vortex shedding behaviour results in stable lift, with small fluctuations, compared to manmade aerofoils. Notably, the aerodynamic pitch torque around the shaft varies with angle of attack. This, when combined with the built-in pitch-up twist of the feather implies a passive pitch control mechanism for the feather. Taken together, our findings suggest evolutionary adaptations of the flow around the feather, which could be of interest when designing micro-air vehicles and wind turbines.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141191072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regeneration in the absence of canonical neoblasts in an early branching flatworm 早期分支扁形虫在缺乏典型新生细胞情况下的再生

bioRxiv - Zoology Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595708

Ludwik Gasiorowski, Chew Chai, Andrei Rozanski, Gargi Purandare, Fruzsina Ficze, Athanasia Mizi, Bo Wang, Jochen C. Rink

{"title":"Regeneration in the absence of canonical neoblasts in an early branching flatworm","authors":"Ludwik Gasiorowski, Chew Chai, Andrei Rozanski, Gargi Purandare, Fruzsina Ficze, Athanasia Mizi, Bo Wang, Jochen C. Rink","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.24.595708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.24.595708","url":null,"abstract":"The remarkable regenerative abilities of flatworms are closely linked to neoblasts - adult pluripotent stem cells that are the only division-competent cell type outside of the reproductive system. Although the presence of neoblast-like cells and whole-body regeneration in other animals has led to the idea that these features may represent the ancestral metazoan state, the evolutionary origin of both remains unclear. Here we show that the catenulid Stenostomum brevipharyngium, a member of the earliest-branching flatworm lineage, lacks conventional neoblasts despite being capable of whole-body regeneration and asexual reproduction. Using a combination of single-nuclei transcriptomics, in situ gene expression analysis, and functional experiments, we find that cell divisions are not restricted to a single cell type and are associated with multiple fully differentiated somatic tissues. Furthermore, the cohort of germline multipotency genes, which are considered canonical neoblast markers, are not expressed in dividing cells, but in the germline instead, and we experimentally show that they are neither necessary for proliferation nor regeneration. Overall, our results challenge the notion that canonical neoblasts are necessary for flatworm regeneration and open up the possibility that neoblast-like cells may have evolved convergently in different animals, independent of their regenerative capacity.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141172806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The maternal vGluT2 and embryonic mGluR3 signaling relay system controls offspring wing dimorphism in pea aphid 母体 vGluT2 和胚胎 mGluR3 信号中继系统控制豌豆蚜后代翅膀的二态性

bioRxiv - Zoology Pub Date : 2024-05-26 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.22.595290

Yiyang Yuan, Yanyan Wang, Wanwan Ye, Liqiang Xie, Erliang Yuan, Huijuan Guo, Shifan Wang, Fang Dong, Keyan Zhu-Salzman, Feng Ge, Yucheng Sun

{"title":"The maternal vGluT2 and embryonic mGluR3 signaling relay system controls offspring wing dimorphism in pea aphid","authors":"Yiyang Yuan, Yanyan Wang, Wanwan Ye, Liqiang Xie, Erliang Yuan, Huijuan Guo, Shifan Wang, Fang Dong, Keyan Zhu-Salzman, Feng Ge, Yucheng Sun","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.22.595290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.22.595290","url":null,"abstract":"Transgenerational phenotypic plasticity (TPP) refers to the phenomenon that environmental conditions experienced by one generation can influence the phenotype of subsequent generations to adapt to the environment without modification of their DNA sequences. Aphid wing dimorphism is a textbook example of TPP by which a maternal aphid perceives the environmental cues to decide the wing morph of her offspring. However, the signaling mechanism from mother to daughter remains unclear. In this study, we showed that the population density and physical contact caused high proportion of winged offspring in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Its vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (ApvGluT2) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (ApmGluR3) were identified by tissue-specific RNA-seq as differentially expressed genes in the head and embryo respectively between solitary and more densely housed maternal aphids. Elevated expression of brain ApvGluT2 and embryonic ApmGluR3 led to increases in the winged proportion. Knockdown of either gene inhibited phosphorylation of ApFoxO in embryos. Furthermore, EMSA showed that dephosphorylated ApFoxO directly bound to the promotor of hedgehog (ApHh), a morphogen gene for wing development, to repress its transcription in stage 20 embryos, causing a lower winged proportion. Our results demonstrated that brain vGluT2 and embryonic mGluR3 coordinately relayed the maternal physical contact signals and control wing development in offspring, showcasing a novel regulatory mechanism underlying physical contact-dependent, transgenerational wing dimorphism in aphids.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141172757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generation length of the world's amphibians and reptiles 世界两栖动物和爬行动物的世代长度

bioRxiv - Zoology Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.23.595540

Giordano Mancini, Luca Santini, Victor Cazalis, Gentile Francesco Ficetola, Shai Meiri, Uri Roll, Sofia Silvestri, Daniel Pincheira-Donoso, Moreno Di Marco

{"title":"Generation length of the world's amphibians and reptiles","authors":"Giordano Mancini, Luca Santini, Victor Cazalis, Gentile Francesco Ficetola, Shai Meiri, Uri Roll, Sofia Silvestri, Daniel Pincheira-Donoso, Moreno Di Marco","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.23.595540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.23.595540","url":null,"abstract":"Variation in life histories influences demographic processes from adaptive changes to population declines leading to extinction. Among life history traits, generation length offers a critical feature to forecast species demographic trajectories such as population declines (widely used by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) and adaptability to environmental change over time. Therefore, estimates of generation length are crucial to monitor demographic stability or future change in highly threatened organisms, particularly ectothermic tetrapods (amphibians and reptiles), which rank among the most threatened groups, but for which uncertainty in future impacts remains high. Despite its importance, generation length for amphibians and reptiles is largely missing. Here, we aimed to fill-in this gap by modeling generation lengths for amphibians, squamates and testudines as a function of species size, climate, life history, and phylogeny using generalized additive models and phylogenetic generalized least squares. We obtained estimates of generation lengths for 4,543 (52%) amphibians, 8,464 (72%) squamates and 118 (32%) testudines. Our models performed well for most families, for example Bufonidae in amphibians, Lacertidae and Colubridae in squamates and Geoemydidae in testudines, while we found high uncertainty around the prediction of a few families, notably Chamaeleonidae. Species body size and mean temperature were the main predictors of generation length in all groups. Although our estimates are not meant to substitute robust and validated measurements from field studies or natural history museums, they can help reduce existing biases in conservation assessments until field data will be comprehensively available.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141151769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular phylogenetics of the superfamily Stromboidea (Caenogastropoda): new insights from increased taxon sampling 蛙足目（腹足纲）超家族的分子系统学：分类群取样增加带来的新启示

bioRxiv - Zoology Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.23.595472

Alison Ruth Irwin, Philippe Bouchet, Alistair Crame, Elizabeth M Harper, Gijs C Kronenberg, Ellen E Strong, Suzanne T Williams

{"title":"Molecular phylogenetics of the superfamily Stromboidea (Caenogastropoda): new insights from increased taxon sampling","authors":"Alison Ruth Irwin, Philippe Bouchet, Alistair Crame, Elizabeth M Harper, Gijs C Kronenberg, Ellen E Strong, Suzanne T Williams","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.23.595472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.23.595472","url":null,"abstract":"The superfamily Stromboidea is a clade of morphologically distinctive gastropods which include the iconic Strombidae, or 'true conchs'. In this study, we present the most taxonomically extensive phylogeny of the superfamily to date, using fossil calibrations to produce a chronogram and extant geographical distributions to reconstruct ancestral ranges. From these results, we confirm the monophyly of all stromboidean families; however, six genera are not monophyletic using current generic assignments (Strombidae: Lentigo, Canarium, Dolomena, Doxander; Xenophoridae: Onustus, Xenophora). Within Strombidae, analyses resolve an Indo-West Pacific (IWP) clade sister to an East Pacific/Atlantic clade, together sister to a second, larger IWP clade. Our results also indicate two pulses of strombid diversification within the Miocene, and a Tethyan/IWP origin for Strombidae - both supported by the fossil record. However, conflicts between divergence time estimates and the fossil record warrant further exploration. Species delimitation analyses using the COI barcoding gene support several taxonomic changes. We synonymise Euprotomus aurora with Euprotomus bulla, Strombus alatus with Strombus pugilis, Dolomena abbotti with Dolomena labiosa, and Dolomena operosa with Dolomena vittata. We identified cryptic species complexes within Terebellum terebellum, Lambis lambis, 'Canarium' wilsonorum, Dolomena turturella and Maculastrombus mutabilis. We reinstate Rimellopsis laurenti as a species (previously synonymised with R. laurenti) and recognise Harpago chiragra rugosus and Lambis truncata sowerbyi valid at the rank of species. Finally, we establish several new combinations, rendering Lentigo, Dolomena, and Canarium monophyletic: Lentigo thersites, Dolomena robusta, Dolomena epidromis, Dolomena turturella, Dolomena taeniata, Dolomena vanikorensis, D. vittata, 'Canarium' wilsonorum, Hawaiistrombus scalariformis, Maculastrombus mutabilis, Maculastrombus microurceus.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141151886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oviposition and vertical dispersal of Aedes species Meigen 1818 (Diptera: Culicidae) at different heights and seasonal periods in an urban forest fragment in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil 巴西亚马孙马瑙斯一个城市森林片段中不同高度和不同季节伊蚊Meigen 1818（双翅目：瓢虫）的产卵和垂直扩散情况

bioRxiv - Zoology Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.09.593399

William Ribeiro da Silva, Adriano Nobre Arcos, Francisco A. da Silva Ferreira, Joelma Soares-da-Silva, Grafe Oliveira Pontes, Mário A. Navarro-Silva, Rosemary A. Roque, JOAO A. C. ZEQUI

{"title":"Oviposition and vertical dispersal of Aedes species Meigen 1818 (Diptera: Culicidae) at different heights and seasonal periods in an urban forest fragment in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil","authors":"William Ribeiro da Silva, Adriano Nobre Arcos, Francisco A. da Silva Ferreira, Joelma Soares-da-Silva, Grafe Oliveira Pontes, Mário A. Navarro-Silva, Rosemary A. Roque, JOAO A. C. ZEQUI","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.09.593399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.09.593399","url":null,"abstract":"Mosquitoes of the genus Aedes stand out for their high susceptibility to several groups of arboviruses, especially those that cause dengue fever, Zika, and Chikungunya fever. However, aspects related to the vertical distribution of species in large urban centers are still poorly understood, therefore, this study aims to evaluate the dispersal and oviposition of Aedes at different height levels and seasonal periods. The study was developed in a tower with six floors located in an urban forest fragment, measuring 15.13 meters (m) high and 3.20 meters at the base. The following height ranges were considered: ground: 0 m; 1.20 m; 2.50 m; 3.60m; 4.90 m; 6m; 7.30m; 8.40m; 9.70 m; and 10.8 m. Three ovitraps were installed on each floor, separated by a distance of 1.50 m, totaling 30 for each sampling period. The ovitrap positivity index (OPI) and egg density index (EDI) were evaluated in order to monitor Aedes populations in different height ranges and also in different seasonal periods. The data demonstrated that lower heights show a greater abundance of Aedes eggs, however, this variable did not prove to be a limiting factor for mosquito colonization at the other heights evaluated. Furthermore, climatic factors, such as relative humidity have a positive influence (p<0.05) on the average number of eggs in the urban area of Manaus, especially during the dry period. These findings demonstrate that the vertical growth of urban centers can act positively tin increasing the density of Aedes and can influence the incidence of dengue and other arboviruses.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140937569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A New Species of Pachytriton from Anhui, China (Amphibia: Caudata: Salamandridae) 来自中国安徽的一个 Pachytriton 新种（两栖类：穴居动物：蝾螈科）

bioRxiv - Zoology Pub Date : 2024-05-11 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.08.592934

supen Wang

引用次数: 0

Age-dependent variation of aedeagal morphology in Agabus uliginosus and the status of A. lotti (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae) Agabus uliginosus 的雌蕊形态随年龄的变化以及 A. lotti 的地位（鞘翅目，蝶形目）。

bioRxiv - Zoology Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.07.592935

Konrad Dettner, Zsolt Kovacs, Tomasz Rewicz, Zoltan Csabai

{"title":"Age-dependent variation of aedeagal morphology in Agabus uliginosus and the status of A. lotti (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)","authors":"Konrad Dettner, Zsolt Kovacs, Tomasz Rewicz, Zoltan Csabai","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.07.592935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.07.592935","url":null,"abstract":"The taxonomic status of Agabus lotti within the Agabus uliginosus species group has been a subject of debate due to morphological similarities and lack of molecular data. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive morphological and molecular analysis of specimens from Central Europe, focusing on the Hungarian population. Morphological comparisons of genital structures revealed age-dependent variations, suggesting a gradual transition from A. lotti to A. uliginosus. Molecular analysis of COI sequences further supported this hypothesis, showing minimal genetic differences among most specimens, with only one individual exhibiting distinctiveness. Therefore, A. lotti should be regarded as a junior synonym of A. uliginosus. Our findings also highlight the need for additional multi-marker studies covering a broader geographic range and including both molecular and morphological approaches to elucidate the taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships within this species group. The inclusion of Hungarian samples notably enriched the diversity of haplotypes, emphasizing the importance of expanding sampling efforts in future research.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140937499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Native Korean wild mice (Mus musculus): molecular phylogeny and morphometrics 韩国本土野生小鼠（Mus musculus）：分子系统发育和形态计量学

bioRxiv - Zoology Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.06.592665

Daewoo Kim, Jooseong Oh, Jang Geun Oh, Hee-Young Yang, Geun-Joong Kim, Tae-Hoon Lee, Bae-Geun Lee, Chungoo Park, Dong-Ha Nam

{"title":"Native Korean wild mice (Mus musculus): molecular phylogeny and morphometrics","authors":"Daewoo Kim, Jooseong Oh, Jang Geun Oh, Hee-Young Yang, Geun-Joong Kim, Tae-Hoon Lee, Bae-Geun Lee, Chungoo Park, Dong-Ha Nam","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.06.592665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.06.592665","url":null,"abstract":"Taxonomic status of house mice in the Korean Peninsula remains poorly understood. Here, we analyze genetic and morphological characteristics of mice from Korea and evaluate their phylogenetic relationships to the well-known primary subspecies. Using a comprehensive set of publicly available genetic data (mtDNA cytb gene), Korean mice including our specimens from islands, mountains, and agricultural fields were identified to Mus mus musculus. External morphology, such as tail ratios of our specimens, resembled previously assigned subspecies (e.g., M. m. molossinus, M. m. utsuryonis, and M. m. yamashinai), suggesting a single subspecific group within M. m. musculus. Korean mice displayed a distinctive landmark configuration around the snout, with a relatively short and slender premaxillary tooth-patch width (PMXW) and a larger maxillary tooth-row length (MXTL) compared to laboratory strains derived from M. m. domesticus. Our investigation provides insights into the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status of Korean mice relative to the primary lineages of M. musculus subspecies. Understanding the evolutionary history of Korean M. m. musculus sheds new light on how their spatiotemporal dynamics led to diversification, with the Korean Peninsula serving as an ecological bridge between East Eurasia and neighboring regions.","PeriodicalId":501575,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140937500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrated surveillance of sandflies as vectors of leishmaniasis reveals the presence of a new Leishmania species with possible implication in human health in Europe 对作为利什曼病传播媒介的沙蝇进行综合监测，发现了一种新的利什曼病种，可能对欧洲的人类健康产生影响

bioRxiv - Zoology Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.06.592636

Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo, Cristina Cervera-Acedo, Maria Ines Villa-Lopez, Eva Maria Muelas, Manuel Mendez, Jose Oteo Antonio Oteo, Francisco Collantes

引用次数: 0