medRxiv - Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Association Between Seasonal Respiratory Virus Activity and Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Central Ontario, Canada","authors":"Alison E. Simmons, Isha Berry, Sarah A. Buchan, Ashleigh R. Tuite, David N. Fisman","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.03.24312990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.03.24312990","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> In central Ontario, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) follow similar seasonal patterns, peaking in winter. We aimed to quantify the independent and joint impact of influenza A, influenza B, and RSV on IPD risk at the population level.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term and Long-Term Healthcare Costs Attributable to diagnosed COVID-19 in Ontario; Canada: A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study","authors":"Beate Sander, Sharmistha Mishra, Sarah Swayze, Yeva Sahakyan, Raquel Duchen, Kieran Quinn, Naveed Janjua, Hind Sbihi, Jeffrey Kwong","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.04.24313064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.04.24313064","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Objectives</strong> Estimates of health system costs due to COVID-19, especially for long-term disability (post COVID-19 condition [PCC]) are key to health system planning, but attributable cost data remain scarce. We characterized COVID-19-attributable costs from the health system perspective.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Long COVID: 3-Month Follow up Results from a Prospective Registry of 232 patients","authors":"J. van Berkel, R.C Lalieu, D. Joseph, M. Hellemons, C.A. Lansdorp","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.02.24312948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.02.24312948","url":null,"abstract":"A potential beneficial effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on complaints of long COVID was found, leading to increased demand for this treatment despite many remaining clinical questions and lack of formal guideline recommendations and reimbursement. A registry was set up in order to gain more insight into patient characteristics and (long-term) outcomes of long COVID patients undergoing HBOT. Patient-reported outcome measures were collected at baseline, after treatment and at 3-month follow up. The primary outcome measures were the mental and physical component score (MCS/PCS) of the SF-36 questionnaire 3 months after HBOT. A clinically relevant positive or negative response was defined as an increase or decrease of ≥10% in MCS and/or PCS after 3 months. Secondary outcomes included the EQ-5D, severity of complaints and ability to work. In this prospective registry of 232 long COVID patients, 65% of long term-ill patients had a clinically relevant increase in quality of life. However, 15% of the patients experienced deterioration in quality of life. Symptoms that showed most improvement were predominantly in the cognitive domain. This indicates that HBOT may have a positive effect on complaints of long COVID, but alertness for worsening of the condition should be exercised.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammation and fibrinolysis in loiasis before and after ivermectin treatment: a biological pilot cross-sectional study","authors":"Tristan M. Lepage, Narcisse Nzune-Toche, Lucie A. Nkwengoua, Hugues C. Nana-Djeunga, Sebastien D.S. Pion, Joseph Kamgno, Charlotte Boullé, Jérémy T. Campillo, Michel Boussinesq, Claude T. Tayou, Cédric B. Chesnais","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.29.24312769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312769","url":null,"abstract":"We assessed the impact of loiasis and its treatment with ivermectin on hemostasis and inflammation in 38 adults in Cameroon. Participants were divided into four balanced groups based on their <em>Loa loa</em> microfilarial densities. At baseline, a positive correlation was observed between microfilarial densities, neutrophils (p=0.012) and eosinophils (p&lt;0.001). At day 4 following ivermectin administration, mean D-dimers significantly increased, from 725 ng/mL to 1,276 ng/mL (p=0.024). Mean eosinophils rose from 225/µL to 1,807/µL (p&lt;0.001). C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and alpha-1-globulin also increased significantly after treatment. Ivermectin treatment appeared to induce inflammation and pronounced fibrinolysis, indicative of coagulation activation.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay Between the Gut Microbiome and Typhoid Fever: Insights from Endemic Countries and a Controlled Human Infection Model","authors":"Philip M. Ashton, Leonardos Mageiros, James E. Meiring, Angeziwa Chunga Chirambo, Farhana Khanam, Happy Banda, Abhilasha Karkey, Sabina Dongol, Lorena Preciado Llanes, Helena Thomaides-Brears, Malick Gibani, Nazmul Hasan Rajib, Nazia Rahman, Prasanta Kumar Biswas, Md Amirul Islam Bhuiyan, Sally Kay, Kate Auger, Olivier Seret, Nicholas R. Thomson, Andrew J Pollard, Stephen Baker, Buddha Basnyat, John D. Clemens, Christiane Dolecek, Sarah J. Dunstan, Gordon Dougan, Robert S. Heyderman, Virginia E. Pitzer, Firdausi Qadri, Melita A. Gordon, Thomas C. Darton, Kathryn E. Holt, STRATAA Study Group","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.02.24312347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.02.24312347","url":null,"abstract":"Typhoid fever is a systemic infection caused by <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovar Typhi (<em>S.</em> Typhi) bacteria invading through the gut lumen. Transmission occurs through ingestion of contaminated food and water, particularly in settings with poor water, sanitation and hygiene infrastructure, resulting in over 10 million illnesses annually. It is well established that vaccines and natural infections can stimulate protective immunity against <em>S.</em> Typhi. As the pathogen invades through the gastrointestinal tract, it is plausible that the gut microbiome may also influence the outcome of <em>S</em>. Typhi exposure. There is some evidence that bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) may create an environment unfavourable to invasive <em>Salmonella,</em> but data from humans is very limited.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CC180 clade dynamics does not universally explain Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 persistence post-vaccine: a global comparative population genomics study","authors":"Sydney Stanley, Catarina Silva-Costa, Joana Gomes-Silva, Jose Melo-Cristino, Richard Malley, Mario Ramirez","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.29.24312665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312665","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> Clonal complex 180 (CC180) is currently the major clone of serotype 3 <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> (Spn). The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) does not have significant efficacy against serotype 3 despite polysaccharide inclusion in the vaccine. It was hypothesized that PCV13 may effectively control Clade I of CC180 but that Clades III and IV are resistant, provoking a population shift that enables serotype 3 persistence. This has been observed in the United States, England, and Wales but not Spain. We tested this hypothesis further utilizing a dataset from Portugal.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing a framework for within-host dynamics and mutations modelling of H5N1 influenza infection in humans","authors":"Daniel Higgins, Joshua Looker, Robert Sunnucks, Jonathan Carruthers, Thomas Finnie, Matt J. Keeling, Edward M. Hill","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.01.24312235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.01.24312235","url":null,"abstract":"Avian influenza A(H5N1) poses a risk to public health due to its pandemic potential should the virus mutate to become human-to-human transmissible. To date, reported influenza A(H5N1) human cases have typically occurred in the lower respiratory tract with a high case fatality rate. There is prior evidence of some influenza A(H5N1) strains being just five amino acid mutations away from achieving droplet transmissibility, possibly allowing them to be spread between humans. Three of these amino acid mutations must occur within a single human host, though the exact probability of such mutations occurring is not currently known. Here, we present a mechanistic within-host infection model for influenza A(H5N1), novel for its explicit consideration of the biological differences between the upper and lower respiratory tracts. These developments enable us to estimate a distribution of viral lifespans and effective replication rates in human H5N1 influenza cases. We combine our within-host model with a viral mutation model to determine the probability of an infected individual generating a droplet transmissible strain of influenza A(H5N1) through mutation. For three required mutations, we found a peak probability of approximately 10⁻³ that a human case of H5N1 influenza produces at least one virion during the infectious period. Our findings provide insights into the risk of differing infectious pathways of influenza A(H5N1) (namely the avian-human vs the avian-mammal-human routes), demonstrating the three-mutation pathway being a cause of concern in human cases. Additionally, our framework - combining a within-host infection model with a branching process model for viral mutation - is generalisable to other pathogens, allowing mutation probabilities to be more easily ascertained. Our findings are a starting point for further modelling of influenza A(H5N1) and other pathogens where differing tissue susceptibilities and human-to-human transmission is of concern.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clustering of pulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia: repeated population-based symptom screening","authors":"Abiot Bezabeh Banti, Daniel Gemechu Datiko, Brita Askeland Winje, Sven Gudmund Hinderaker, Einar Heldal, Mesay Hailu Dangisso","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.31.24312883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.31.24312883","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Objective</strong> A “Cluster” is an area with a higher occurrence of tuberculosis than would be expected in an average random distribution of that area. Tuberculosis clustering is commonly reported in Ethiopia, but most studies rely on registered data, which may miss patients who do not visit health facilities or those who attend but are not identified as having tuberculosis. This makes the detection of actual clusters challenging. This study analysed the clustering of pulmonary tuberculosis and associated risk factors using symptom-based population screening in Dale, Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating optimal therapeutic drug levels of anti-tuberculosis medications based on treatment safety and effectiveness","authors":"Gustavo Amorim, David W. Haas, Marcelo Cordeiro-Santos, Afrânio L. Kritski, Marina C. Figueiredo, Cody Staats, Brian Hachey, Megan Turner, Bruno B. Andrade, Valeria C. Rolla, Timothy R. Sterling, the Regional Prospective Observational Research in Tuberculosis (RePORT)-Brazil network","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.30.24312723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.30.24312723","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> Therapeutic drug ranges (TDR) for standard anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment have been determined based on expected drug levels at least 2 hours after taking the dose. In this study we constructed TDR for TB drug levels based on minimizing drug toxicity and maximizing treatment effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolonged viral shedding as a marker of severity in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis","authors":"Raí André Silva Watanabe, Filipe Nishiyama, Larissa Lyra, Bruno Sanchez Camargo, Luciano Kleber de Souza Luna, Danielle Dias Conte, Ana Helena Perosa, Nancy Cristina Junqueira Bellei","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.29.24312713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312713","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background and Objectives</strong> Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is responsible for most cases of acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB) in childhood. The association of factors such as RSV subtype, viral load, and viral coinfection with severe disease is controversial. The objective is to describe the viral load dynamics of RSV in children under 2 years with AVB, including the first viral load, peak viral load, viral decay, and any possible association with severe disease.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}