RECOVERY Collaborative Group, Peter W Horby, Jonathan R Emberson, Louise Thwaites, Mark Campbell, Leon Peto, Guilherme Pessoa-Amorim, Natalie Staplin, Raph L Hamers, John Amuasi, Jeremy Nel, Evelyne Kestelyn, Nguyen Thanh Phong, Anil Shrestha, Nasronudin Nasronudin, Rahuldeb Sarkar, Pham Ngoc Thach, Damodar Patel, Uun Samardi, Richard Stewart, Erni Nelwan, Manisha Rawal, J Kenneth Baillie, Maya H Buch, Jeremy N Day, Saul N Faust, Thomas Jaki, Katie Jeffery, Edmund Juszczak, Marian Knight, Wei Shen Lim, Marion Mafham, Alan Montgomery, Andrew Mumford, Kathryn Rowan, Buddha Basnyat, Richard Haynes, Martin J Landray
{"title":"Higher dose corticosteroids in hospitalised COVID-19 patients requiring ventilatory support (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial","authors":"RECOVERY Collaborative Group, Peter W Horby, Jonathan R Emberson, Louise Thwaites, Mark Campbell, Leon Peto, Guilherme Pessoa-Amorim, Natalie Staplin, Raph L Hamers, John Amuasi, Jeremy Nel, Evelyne Kestelyn, Nguyen Thanh Phong, Anil Shrestha, Nasronudin Nasronudin, Rahuldeb Sarkar, Pham Ngoc Thach, Damodar Patel, Uun Samardi, Richard Stewart, Erni Nelwan, Manisha Rawal, J Kenneth Baillie, Maya H Buch, Jeremy N Day, Saul N Faust, Thomas Jaki, Katie Jeffery, Edmund Juszczak, Marian Knight, Wei Shen Lim, Marion Mafham, Alan Montgomery, Andrew Mumford, Kathryn Rowan, Buddha Basnyat, Richard Haynes, Martin J Landray","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.04.24312992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.04.24312992","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> Low-dose corticosteroids (e.g. 6 mg dexamethasone) have been shown to reduce mortality for hypoxic COVID-19 patients. We have previously reported that higher dose corticosteroids cause harm in patients with hypoxia but not receiving ventilatory support (non-invasive mechanical ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation or extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation), but the balance of efficacy and safety in patients receiving ventilatory support is uncertain.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ansa Naseem, Muhammad Moiz Javed, Malaika Rehmani, Muhammad Haider Tariq, Mahnoor Sikandar, Usama Ejaz, Muhammad Shahzaib Bajwa, Tehseen Raza, Muhammad Usman Khan, Ali Shehram, Muhammad Hammad Khan, Muhammad Ayyan, Muhammad Luqman
{"title":"Steroidal Therapy plus Conventional Therapy versus Conventional Therapy alone for Tuberculous Meningitis: A systematic review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Ansa Naseem, Muhammad Moiz Javed, Malaika Rehmani, Muhammad Haider Tariq, Mahnoor Sikandar, Usama Ejaz, Muhammad Shahzaib Bajwa, Tehseen Raza, Muhammad Usman Khan, Ali Shehram, Muhammad Hammad Khan, Muhammad Ayyan, Muhammad Luqman","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.05.24312952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.05.24312952","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> Tuberculosis meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Treatments for TBM include conventional therapy alone as well as adjunctive use of steroidal therapy.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elissa M. Robbins, Rasa Bertuzis, Ho-Chen Chiu, Lupe Miller, Christopher Noutsios
{"title":"A multicenter study to assess the performance of the point-of-care RT-PCR Cobas SARS-CoV-2 & Influenza A/B nucleic acid test for use on the Cobas Liat system in comparison with centralized assays across healthcare facilities in the United States","authors":"Elissa M. Robbins, Rasa Bertuzis, Ho-Chen Chiu, Lupe Miller, Christopher Noutsios","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.06.24313202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.06.24313202","url":null,"abstract":"Respiratory diseases can share many of the same symptoms, highlighting the need for timely and accurate differentiation to facilitate effective clinical management and reduce transmission. Compared with centralized testing, molecular point-of-care tests (POCT) can provide a faster time to result.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catherine Lavazec, Cheikh Loucoubar, Florian Dupuy, Jean-François Bureau, Isabelle Casadémont, Bronner P. Gonçalves, Swee Lay Thein, Mark Lathrop, Sandrine Laurance, Camille Roussel, Caroline Le Van Kim, Yves Colin, Mariane De Montalembert, Anavaj Sakuntabhai, Rick E. Paul
{"title":"Fetal hemoglobin enables malaria parasite growth in sickle cells but augments production of transmission stage parasites","authors":"Catherine Lavazec, Cheikh Loucoubar, Florian Dupuy, Jean-François Bureau, Isabelle Casadémont, Bronner P. Gonçalves, Swee Lay Thein, Mark Lathrop, Sandrine Laurance, Camille Roussel, Caroline Le Van Kim, Yves Colin, Mariane De Montalembert, Anavaj Sakuntabhai, Rick E. Paul","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.05.24313101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.05.24313101","url":null,"abstract":"Sickle cell trait is the quintessential example of the human response to malaria, providing protection against severe disease, but leading to sickle cell disease (SCD) in the homozygous state. Fetal Hemoglobin (HbF) reduces the pathology of SCD and several mutations lead to the prolonged production of HbF into childhood and adult life. HbF has been suggested to contribute to protection against malaria. Two long-term cohorts were genotyped for three quantitative trait loci associated with HbF production and analyzed for HbF titers, malaria clinical episodes and the production of parasite stages infectious to mosquitoes, gametocytes in asymptomatic infections. <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> parasites were also grown <em>in vitro</em> in HbSS cells with measured levels of HbF. The genetic determinants of prolonged HbF production were associated with increased HbF titers and that increased HbF afforded protection from malaria disease but increased the production of gametocytes. The presence of HbF in sickled red cells was also shown in <em>in vitro</em> culture to enable parasite persistence in conditions otherwise deleterious for the parasite and enabled complete maturation of gametocytes. The beneficial personal effect of HbF, whether through protection against malaria or alleviating effects of SCD, is offset by increased parasite transmissibility and disease burden for the community. These individuals represent an important reservoir of infection and need to be targeted in elimination strategies.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amit Bansal, Sam W.Z. Olechnowicz, Nicholas Kiernan-Walker, Jacob Cumming, Ramin Mazhari, COVID PROFILE consortium, Rebecca J. Cox, Ivo Mueller, Rory Bowden, Emily M. Eriksson
{"title":"Divergent inflammatory and neurology-related plasma protein profiles in individuals with long COVID following primary and breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections","authors":"Amit Bansal, Sam W.Z. Olechnowicz, Nicholas Kiernan-Walker, Jacob Cumming, Ramin Mazhari, COVID PROFILE consortium, Rebecca J. Cox, Ivo Mueller, Rory Bowden, Emily M. Eriksson","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.06.24312838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.06.24312838","url":null,"abstract":"Long COVID is a complex condition where symptoms persist for more than 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and affects an estimated 5-30% of individuals. While the pathobiology of long COVID is still evolving, persistent inflammation has emerged as an important feature of this condition. However, it is unclear if immune responses from COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 re-infection exacerbate or mirror the initial inflammatory responses. To address this question, we quantified 182 inflammatory and neurology-related proteins in plasma using multiplexed affinity proteomics. Plasma samples were collected 6-9 months after first infection, but before COVID-19 vaccination from individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 (n=21) or from individuals with long COVID (n=12). This was benchmarked against plasma from unvaccinated, SARS-CoV-2 naive individuals (n=24). In addition to this cross-sectional analysis, we performed longitudinal analysis in a subset of individuals (n=34), where paired samples collected 2-4 weeks after a third COVID-19 vaccine dose and after SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection were available. Boruta feature selection and lasso regression models identified a distinct plasma profile in long COVID individuals, characterised by elevated IL-20, HAGH, NAAA, CLEC10A, LXN, and MCP-1 and reduced TRAIL, G-CSF, NBL1, and CCL23 protein concentrations. Notably, longitudinal analysis demonstrated that neither COVID-19 booster vaccination nor breakthrough infection replicated inflammatory and neurology-related plasma protein profiles observed after primary infection suggesting an altered immune response outcome in individuals with long COVID upon re-exposure.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christine Happle, Markus Hoffmann, Amy Kempf, Inga Nehlmeier, Metodi V. Stankov, Noemi Calderon Hampel, Torsten Witte, Stefan Pöhlmann, Georg M. N. Behrens, Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka
{"title":"Humoral Immunity after mRNA Omicron JN.1 Vaccination","authors":"Christine Happle, Markus Hoffmann, Amy Kempf, Inga Nehlmeier, Metodi V. Stankov, Noemi Calderon Hampel, Torsten Witte, Stefan Pöhlmann, Georg M. N. Behrens, Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.04.24313057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.04.24313057","url":null,"abstract":"In late June 2024, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) recommended market authorization for a monovalent COVID-19 mRNA-vaccine based on JN.1 spike. We assessed immune responses in n=42 health-care workers (median age 47 years, interquartile range, IQR 19·5 years, 48% male), who in August 2024 were vaccinated with 30 μg of the updated mRNA omicron JN.1 vaccine (bretovameran, BioNTech/Pfizer, Mainz, Germany). Humoral immune responses were analyzed directly prior to and 13 days after vaccination.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rupert Eneogu, Austin Ihesie, Olugbenga Daniel, Ogoamaka Chukwuogo, Debby Nongo, Aderonke Agbaje, Bethrand Odume, Joseph Kuye, Omosalewa Oyelaran, Daniel Egbule, Wayne Van Gemert, Lucy Mupfumi, Cleophas D’auvergne, Obioma Chijioke-Akaniro, Chukwuma Anyaike, Sunday Olarewaju
{"title":"FACILITATORS AND BARRIERS TO UPTAKE OF CHILD-FRIENDLY 3 MONTHS OF ISONIAZID AND RIFAMPICIN (3HR) FIXED DRUG COMBINATION (FDC) FOR TUBERCULOSIS PREVENTIVE THERAPY (TPT) IN NIGERIA","authors":"Rupert Eneogu, Austin Ihesie, Olugbenga Daniel, Ogoamaka Chukwuogo, Debby Nongo, Aderonke Agbaje, Bethrand Odume, Joseph Kuye, Omosalewa Oyelaran, Daniel Egbule, Wayne Van Gemert, Lucy Mupfumi, Cleophas D’auvergne, Obioma Chijioke-Akaniro, Chukwuma Anyaike, Sunday Olarewaju","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.02.24312961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.02.24312961","url":null,"abstract":"The uptake of TB preventive therapy (TPT) for child and adult contacts of index TB patients in Nigeria has been suboptimal. Nigeria introduced the 3-month isoniazid-rifampicin (3HR) shorter regimen TPT for all eligible contacts through the USAID-funded Stop TB Partnership introducing New Tools Project (iNTP). This study assesses the facilitators and barriers to the uptake of the newly introduced child-friendly 3HR TPT for child contacts of TB patients in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silvia S. Chiang, Kamila Romanowski, James C. Johnston, Alex Petiquan, Mayara Bastos, Dick Menzies, Sierra Land, Andrea Benedetti, Faiz Ahmad Khan, Marieke M. van der Zalm, Jonathon R. Campbell
{"title":"Tuberculosis-Associated Respiratory Disability in Children, Adolescents, and Adults: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis","authors":"Silvia S. Chiang, Kamila Romanowski, James C. Johnston, Alex Petiquan, Mayara Bastos, Dick Menzies, Sierra Land, Andrea Benedetti, Faiz Ahmad Khan, Marieke M. van der Zalm, Jonathon R. Campbell","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.03.24313003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.03.24313003","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> Approximately 2% of the global population has survived tuberculosis (TB). Increasing evidence indicates that a significant proportion of pulmonary TB survivors develop TB-associated respiratory disability, commonly referred to as post-TB lung disease (PLTD) and marked by impaired respiratory function, persistent symptoms, and activity limitations. However, the prevalence, risk factors, and progression of TB-associated respiratory disability throughout the life course are not well understood. To address these gaps, we will undertake a systematic review and individual participant-level data meta-analysis (IPD-MA) focusing on TB-associated respiratory disability in children, adolescents, and adults successfully treated for pulmonary TB.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advancing Early Warning Systems for Malaria: Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions - A Scoping Review","authors":"Donnie Mategula, Judy Gichuki, Karen I Barnes, Emanuele Giorgi, Dianne Jannete Terlouw","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.03.24313035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.03.24313035","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> Malaria Early Warning Systems(EWS) are predictive tools that often use climatic and environmental variables to forecast malaria risk and trigger timely interventions. Despite their potential benefits, the development and implementation of malaria EWS face significant challenges and limitations. We reviewed the current evidence on malaria EWS, including their settings, methods, performance, actions, and evaluation.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tony Wawina-Bokalanga, Prince Akil-Bandali, Eddy Kinganda-Lusamaki, Emmanuel Lokilo, Daan Jansen, Adrienne Amuri-Aziza, Jean-Claude Makangara-Cigolo, Elisabeth Pukuta-Simbu, Rilia Ola-Mpumbe, Cris Kacita, Princesse Paku-Tshambu, Pedro-Henrique L.F. Dantas, Gradi Luakanda, Antoine Nkuba-Ndaye, Meris Matondo, Junior Bulabula, Emmanuel Hasivirwe Vakaniaki, Áine O’Toole, Tessa De Block, Christian Ngandu, Nicole A. Hoff, Nicola Low, Lorenzo Subissi, Sydney Merritt, Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, Laurens Liesenborghs, Martine Peeters, Eric Delaporte, Jason Kindrachuk, Anne W. Rimoin, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke, Andrew Rambaut, Dieudonné Mwamba, Koen Vercauteren, Placide Mbala-Kingebeni
{"title":"Co-circulation of Clade Ia and Ib monkeypox virus in Kinshasa Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo, July - August 2024","authors":"Tony Wawina-Bokalanga, Prince Akil-Bandali, Eddy Kinganda-Lusamaki, Emmanuel Lokilo, Daan Jansen, Adrienne Amuri-Aziza, Jean-Claude Makangara-Cigolo, Elisabeth Pukuta-Simbu, Rilia Ola-Mpumbe, Cris Kacita, Princesse Paku-Tshambu, Pedro-Henrique L.F. Dantas, Gradi Luakanda, Antoine Nkuba-Ndaye, Meris Matondo, Junior Bulabula, Emmanuel Hasivirwe Vakaniaki, Áine O’Toole, Tessa De Block, Christian Ngandu, Nicole A. Hoff, Nicola Low, Lorenzo Subissi, Sydney Merritt, Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, Laurens Liesenborghs, Martine Peeters, Eric Delaporte, Jason Kindrachuk, Anne W. Rimoin, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke, Andrew Rambaut, Dieudonné Mwamba, Koen Vercauteren, Placide Mbala-Kingebeni","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.03.24312937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.03.24312937","url":null,"abstract":"Mpox cases have been reported in nearly all provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo as of August 2024. Monkeypox virus positive samples from Kinshasa, collected between July and mid-August 2024, were sequenced using a probe-based enrichment or optimized tiling sequencing protocol. With multiple introductions of both Clade Ia (7/12) and Ib (5/12), marking Kinshasa, and its Limete health zone specifically, as an area with co-circulation of both Clade I, a unique observation illustrating the growing complexity of Clade I mpox outbreaks in DRC.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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