The Psychological Record最新文献

A Laboratory Evaluation of the Effects of Empathy Training on Racial Bias 移情训练对种族偏见影响的实验室评估

The Psychological Record Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1007/s40732-024-00606-z

Victoria D. Suarez, Adel C. Najdowski, Angela Persicke, Jonathan Tarbox

引用次数: 0

A Replication of a Nonsequential Renewal Model and a Failure to Attenuate Nonsequential Renewal with Extinction Cues 非连续性更新模型的再现以及灭绝线索无法削弱非连续性更新的情况

The Psychological Record Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1007/s40732-024-00608-x

Brianna G. Sarno, Kathryn M. Kestner

{"title":"A Replication of a Nonsequential Renewal Model and a Failure to Attenuate Nonsequential Renewal with Extinction Cues","authors":"Brianna G. Sarno, Kathryn M. Kestner","doi":"10.1007/s40732-024-00608-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-024-00608-x","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory models of renewal are critical for understanding this form of behavioral relapse and informing clinical practice to reduce the occurrence of relapse and facilitate the maintenance of treatment gains. Nonsequential renewal is a modified procedure developed by (Sullivan et al. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 110(1), 74–86 2018) that provides an arrangement to study operant renewal in a manner more consistent with clients receiving clinical services, which involves exposing subjects to treatment and baseline conditions across two or more contexts. Experiment 1 replicated the procedure of (Craig et al. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 112(2), 210–223 2019) to compare ABA renewal of target responding in rats exposed to the nonsequential or sequential renewal procedure. Experiment 2 investigated the use of an olfactory extinction cue in mitigating renewal. In Experiment 1, the Nonsequential Group displayed a greater magnitude of renewal compared to the Sequential Group, consistent with the findings from (Craig et al. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 110(1), 74–86 2019) but inconsistent with those from (Sullivan et al. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 110(1), 74–86 2018) with human participants. The extinction cue did not mitigate renewal in Experiment 2. The use of a laboratory model of renewal that is more analogous to clinical settings may be valuable in a translational approach to investigating relapse-prevention techniques.","PeriodicalId":501490,"journal":{"name":"The Psychological Record","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predicting and Interpreting Patterns of Responding on the IRAP in the Context of Facial Emotions and Depression 在面部情绪和抑郁的背景下预测和解释 IRAP 的反应模式

The Psychological Record Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1007/s40732-024-00607-y

Renato Bortoloti, Ana Paula Rubert Alves de Azevedo, Colin Harte, Dermot Barnes-Holmes

{"title":"Predicting and Interpreting Patterns of Responding on the IRAP in the Context of Facial Emotions and Depression","authors":"Renato Bortoloti, Ana Paula Rubert Alves de Azevedo, Colin Harte, Dermot Barnes-Holmes","doi":"10.1007/s40732-024-00607-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-024-00607-y","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to build on existing research on the implicit relational assessment procedure (IRAP), which has identified different patterns of IRAP effects associated with responses to happy and angry facial expressions. In particular, the study aimed to (1) replicate the previously observed happiness superiority effect, but with a far larger participant group than previous studies and (2) explore whether the IRAP effect would be influenced by self-reported levels of depression. One hundred twenty-two participants completed an IRAP that presented pairs of emotional human faces in a 2x2 crossover design yielding four trial-types: happy face–happy face, happy face–angry face, angry face–happy face and angry face–angry face. The results showed a clear happiness superiority effect, with the IRAP effect for trial-type 1 (happy face–happy face) larger than the IRAP effect for trial-type 4 (angry face–angry face). Self-reported depression appeared to moderate responding on the trial-type 1 alone, with low depressed individuals producing a larger D-IRAP score on the trial-type 1 relative to high depressed individuals. The findings support recent arguments that the stimulus function properties of all elements within an IRAP should be taken into account when predicting and interpreting behavioral patterns produced on the procedure. Considerations for use of the IRAP to predict behaviors in the natural environment are discussed.","PeriodicalId":501490,"journal":{"name":"The Psychological Record","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mathematical Prediction of Emergent Relations in the Merger of Equivalence Classes 等价类合并中新出现关系的数学预测

The Psychological Record Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1007/s40732-024-00605-0

Ramon Marin, Giovan W. Ribeiro

引用次数: 0

Differential Trial-Type Effects in an Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure: Extending the DAARRE Model 内隐关系评估程序中的差异试验类型效应：扩展 DAARRE 模型

The Psychological Record Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1007/s40732-024-00604-1

Rodrigo Vianna de Almeida, Dermot Barnes-Holmes, Julian C. Leslie

{"title":"Differential Trial-Type Effects in an Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure: Extending the DAARRE Model","authors":"Rodrigo Vianna de Almeida, Dermot Barnes-Holmes, Julian C. Leslie","doi":"10.1007/s40732-024-00604-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-024-00604-1","url":null,"abstract":"The differential arbitrarily applicable relational responding effects (DAARRE) model explains two effects commonly observed with the implicit relational assessment procedure (IRAP): the single trial-type dominance effect (STTDE) and the dissonant-target trial-type effect (DTTTE). We sought to explore variables that modulate these effects. Forty-two participants who completed an IRAP met the practice criteria (median latency ≤ 2,000 ms and accuracy ≥ 80% correct) and thus proceeded to six test blocks of trials. The IRAP had four trial-types: trial-type 1: happy-face—happy-word; trial-type 2: happy-face—fear-word; trial-type 3: fear-face—happy-word; trial-type 4: fear-face—fear-word. Participants were randomly assigned to start with a consistent (respond True, False, False, True, respectively, to the four trial-types) or inconsistent (opposite responding) block. Difference (DIRAP) scores were calculated (inconsistent minus consistent latencies). A significantly larger DIRAP score was observed in trial-type 2 relative to trial-type 3 (a DTTTE), but only for participants who started with the inconsistent block. A “happiness superiority” STTDE (i.e., larger DIRAP score on trial-type 1 relative to trial-type 4) was observed, but only for participants who failed to maintain the criteria at the trial-type level (in any of the trial-types). Overall, the findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between the functional versus relational properties of the stimuli presented within an IRAP. The modulation of the DTTTE is interpreted in terms of functional coherence between the target and response option in inconsistent blocks. A novel data-analytic algorithm is presented to identify performance criteria violations at the trial-type level. The findings suggest that a greater focus is required in relational frame theory on the impact of the functional properties of stimuli on relational framing.","PeriodicalId":501490,"journal":{"name":"The Psychological Record","volume":"389 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Comprehensive Behavioral Model of Emotion Rooted in Relational Frame Theory and Contemporary Extensions 植根于关系框架理论和当代扩展的情绪综合行为模型

The Psychological Record Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/s40732-024-00603-2

Jordan Belisle, Dana Paliliunas, Rocco Catrone, Elana Sickman, Arvind Ramakrishnan

{"title":"A Comprehensive Behavioral Model of Emotion Rooted in Relational Frame Theory and Contemporary Extensions","authors":"Jordan Belisle, Dana Paliliunas, Rocco Catrone, Elana Sickman, Arvind Ramakrishnan","doi":"10.1007/s40732-024-00603-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-024-00603-2","url":null,"abstract":"There exists a vast literature on affect and emotion in psychological disciplines, yet contemporary conceptualizations and technologies to predict and influence emotion have been slower to emerge in behavior analysis. The current article is an attempt to conceptualize emotional experiencing through a radical behavioral lens using relational frame theory (RFT) and contemporary extensions. RFT provides a behavioral approach to cognitive appraisal within existing models of human emotion by emphasizing derived relational responding, transformation of stimulus function, and generalized reinforcement learning. Relational density theory (RDT) and the hyperdimensional multilevel (HDML) framework both expand upon RFT and may allow for a more complete account of emotional experiencing within complex networks. Synthesizing these two approaches yields multiple testable predictions that are consistent with RDT across levels of the HDML. Moreover, the ROE-M (relating, orienting, and evoking functions within a motivational context) is a dynamical unit that may be readily evident within emotional experiencing as it is generally described within the psychological literature, and compatible with the synthesized model. Taken together, these approaches and emerging research on affective dynamics may provide a starting point to develop a robust and comprehensive analysis of human emotion that can strengthen behavior analysis and therapies","PeriodicalId":501490,"journal":{"name":"The Psychological Record","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141608643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Increasing Toy Engagement via Response Disequilibrium Theory: A Systematic Replication 通过反应失衡理论提高玩具参与度：系统复制

The Psychological Record Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1007/s40732-024-00601-4

Megan Ryan, Hunter King, Emily Chesbrough, John Michael Falligant

引用次数: 0

Relational Cues are Affectively Differentiated 关系线索具有情感差异

The Psychological Record Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1007/s40732-024-00600-5

Micah Amd

引用次数: 0

Operant Wheel Running on a Fixed Interval Schedule: Does Contingent Sucrose Reinforcement Increase Running through a Schedule-Induction or Reinforcement Effect? 操作轮在固定间隔时间表上运行：条件蔗糖强化是通过计划诱导还是强化效应来提高奔跑速度？

The Psychological Record Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1007/s40732-024-00599-9

Terry W. Belke, Craig H. McClelland

{"title":"Operant Wheel Running on a Fixed Interval Schedule: Does Contingent Sucrose Reinforcement Increase Running through a Schedule-Induction or Reinforcement Effect?","authors":"Terry W. Belke, Craig H. McClelland","doi":"10.1007/s40732-024-00599-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-024-00599-9","url":null,"abstract":"Sucrose reinforcement increases operant wheel running, but it is not certain that the increase is due to a reinforcement rather than a schedule-induction effect. To address this issue, eight female Long Evans rats were exposed to a fixed-interval (FI) 60-s schedule with wheel running as the operant. Across three conditions, water, sucrose, and water were delivered as outcomes. In addition, rats also ran freely for 20 min prior to, and subsequent to, exposure to the FI 60-s schedule. Results showed that operant wheel running on the FI 60-s schedule increased when sucrose was delivered. At the level of revolutions, over the reinforcement interval more rats showed increased revolutions in the sucrose condition in the latter half of the interval, consistent with a reinforcement effect, than an inverted U-shaped pattern in the initial half of the interval. Running during the pre- and postoperant running period was not substantially affected by the removal of sucrose reinforcement on the FI 60-s schedule. Sucrose reinforcement, but not water, increased running relative to the pre/post running periods. Results suggest that although both schedule-induction and reinforcement effects occur, the effect that dominates appears to be a function of the duration of the reinforcement interval with a reinforcement effect more prevalent with shorter intervals.","PeriodicalId":501490,"journal":{"name":"The Psychological Record","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141166354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do–Say Correspondence in Adults: Audience Control in a Virtual Game 成人的 "做-说 "对应关系：虚拟游戏中的观众控制

The Psychological Record Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1007/s40732-024-00598-w

Cristiane Alves, Josiane Maria Donadeli, Julio C. de Rose

{"title":"Do–Say Correspondence in Adults: Audience Control in a Virtual Game","authors":"Cristiane Alves, Josiane Maria Donadeli, Julio C. de Rose","doi":"10.1007/s40732-024-00598-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-024-00598-w","url":null,"abstract":"This exploratory and descriptive study used a digital game to investigate the effects of audiences on the accuracy of self-reports of 10 undergraduate students. The participants assumed the role of a prince who, being accused of murdering the king, had to navigate a labyrinthine castle to find proof of his innocence. To wander through the castle players needed to collect objects that maintained the prince’s energy, keeping him alive. Some objects provided a small amount of energy and others provided 20 times more energy but their collection was prohibited by the kingdom’s laws. At specific moments the player was questioned by different characters (audiences) about whether they had transgressed the law. There were four audiences (mother, brother, soldier, and computer) that varied in how they indicated the probability of either punishment or support. All participants completed the game and eight transgressed, collecting forbidden objects. A larger number of distorted reports, denying transgressions, were made to the audiences who signaled a higher probability of punishment, but a significant proportion of distorted reports were made even to the audiences who presented themselves as supportive and nonpunitive. Because no actual punishment for transgressions occurred in the game, reporting behavior was likely influenced by participants’ histories with audiences functionally similar to those simulated in the game.","PeriodicalId":501490,"journal":{"name":"The Psychological Record","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141166349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0