arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors最新文献

{"title":"Surface and Near-Surface Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy at Very Low Positron Energy","authors":"Lucian Mathes, Maximilian Suhr, Vassily V. Burwitz, Danny R. Russell, Sebastian Vohburger, Christoph Hugenschmidt","doi":"arxiv-2409.07952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.07952","url":null,"abstract":"We present a monoenergetic positron beam specifically tailored to the needs\u0000of (near-) surface positron annihilation spectroscopy. The Setup for LOw-energy\u0000Positron Experiments (SLOPE) comprises a high-activity 22Na source, a tungsten\u0000moderator, electrostatic extraction and acceleration, magnetic beam guidance,\u0000as well as an analysis chamber with a movable sample holder and a {gamma}-ray\u0000detection system. The tungsten moderator foil, biased between 0 and 30 V, in\u0000combination with the HV-biasable sample holder, enables positron implantation\u0000energies between 3 eV and 40 keV. At low energies (<20 eV), the count rate\u0000typically amounts to 4400 counts per second, and the beam diameter is smaller\u0000than 12 +/- 3 mm. We conduct phase space simulations of the positron beam using\u0000COMSOL Multiphysics (c) to characterize the beam properties and compare the\u0000findings with the experimentally determined energy-dependent beam diameter. To\u0000showcase the capabilities of SLOPE, we perform studies of positronium (Ps)\u0000formation on boehmite and depth-resolved coincidence Doppler-broadening\u0000spectroscopy (CDBS) of copper. In particular, the Ps formation at the\u0000hydrogen-terminated surface of boehmite is found to be maximum at a positron\u0000implantation energy of 10 eV. The range of positron energies for which we\u0000observe Ps formation agrees with the hydrogen ionization energy.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of radioactive decay series by digital autoradiography, part 1: a theoretical approach using time and space coincidence (TSC) analysis","authors":"Paul Sardini, Jerome Donnard, Michael Descostes","doi":"arxiv-2409.07999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.07999","url":null,"abstract":"The three natural decay chains have short-lived daughter elements, and the\u0000existence of these radioelements makes it possible for alpha and beta particle\u0000emissions to be generated at the same place and the same time. We show\u0000theoretically that such time and space coincidences (TSCs) can be detected\u0000efficiently by suitable autoradiographic systems using an algorithm that is six\u0000times more efficient than an approach based on the classical slicing of\u0000space-time. Two types of TSC coexist: true TSCs, resulting from the decay of\u0000short-lived daughter elements, and random TSCs. True TSCs are predictable and\u0000their numbers vary linearly with activity; the prediction of true alpha/alpha\u0000and alpha/alpha/alpha TSCs of the 235U chain is presented. Random coincidences\u0000are also predictable using Poisson's law. They vary quadratically as a function\u0000of activity. Examination of the case of an uranium ore at secular equilibrium\u0000shows that the observed alpha/alpha coincidences result from the sum of random\u0000and true TSCs. For high uranium contents, random coincidences predominate. For\u0000uranium at secular equilibrium, the theoretical calculation shows that true\u0000TSCs predominate for contents below ~5000 ppm.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"279 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced fabrication process for particle absorbers of highly pure electroplated gold for microcalorimeter applications","authors":"Michael Müller, Ria-Helen Zühlke, Sebastian Kempf","doi":"arxiv-2409.07971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.07971","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic microcalorimeters (MMCs) have become a key technology for\u0000applications requiring outstanding energy resolution, fast signal rise time and\u0000excellent linearity. MMCs measure the temperature rise upon absorption of a\u0000single particle within a particle absorber by using a paramagnetic temperature\u0000sensor that is thermally coupled to the absorber. The design and fabrication of\u0000the particle absorber is key for excellent detector performance. Here, we\u0000present a microfabrication process for free-standing particle absorbers made of\u0000two stacked and independently electroplated high-purity Au layers. This\u0000enables, for example, embedding of radioactive sources within the absorber for\u0000realizing a 4$pi$ detection geometry in radionuclide metrology or preparing\u0000detector arrays with variable quantum efficiency and energy resolution as\u0000requested for future applications in high energy physics. Due to careful\u0000optimization of photoresist processing and electroplating parameters, the Au\u0000films are of very high purity and record-breaking residual resistivity ratio\u0000values above 40, allowing for fast internal absorber thermalization.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of energy deposition in the coolant of LFR","authors":"Maria Susini, Sacha Barré, Daniele Tomatis, Stefano Argirò","doi":"arxiv-2409.08203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.08203","url":null,"abstract":"The determination of the fraction of energy deposited in the coolant is\u0000required for the setup of accurate thermal-hydraulic calculations in reactor\u0000core analysis. This study focuses on assessing this fraction and analysing the\u0000neutronic and photonic processes contributing to energy deposition in\u0000Lead-cooled Fast Reactors (LFRs). Using OpenMC, coupled neutron-photon\u0000transport calculations were performed within a fuel pin cell geometry,\u0000representative of the one under development at textsl{new}cleo. Additionally,\u0000the implementation of lattice geometry was tested to gauge the impact of\u0000reflective boundary conditions on computational efficiency. In the context of a\u0000surface-based algorithm, the pin geometry has proven to be computationally more\u0000cost-effective. The fraction of energy deposited in the LFR coolant was\u0000evaluated at $sim5.6$%, surpassing that of pressurised water Reactors\u0000($lessapprox 3%$), with photon interactions emerging as the principal\u0000contributor. The influence of bremsstrahlung radiation was also considered,\u0000revealing minor impact compared to other photonic processes. Given the\u0000continuous exploration of various core designs and the expectation of diverse\u0000operational conditions, a parametric analysis was undertaken by varying the\u0000coolant temperature and pitch values. Temperature changes did not significantly\u0000affect the results, while modifying the pitch induced a rise in the fraction of\u0000deposited energy in lead, highlighting its dependence on the coolant mass. This\u0000mass effect was explored in various fuel assembly designs based on the ALFRED\u0000benchmark and on the typical assembly model proposed by textsl{new}cleo,\u0000leading to a correlation function for the prediction of coolant heating in\u0000realistic assemblies from simple pin cell calculations.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gridded RF Gun Design for SRF Linac Applications","authors":"I. GoninFNAL, Batavia, USA, C. EdwardsFNAL, Batavia, USA, S. KazakovFNAL, Batavia, USA, T. KhabiboullineFNAL, Batavia, USA, T. NicolFNAL, Batavia, USA, A. SainiFNAL, Batavia, USA, N. SolyakFNAL, Batavia, USA, J. C. T. ThangarajFNAL, Batavia, USA, V. YakovlevFNAL, Batavia, USA, M. CurtisHeatWave Labs, Inc., Watsonville, CA, USA, K. GuntherHeatWave Labs, Inc., Watsonville, CA, USA","doi":"arxiv-2409.07548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.07548","url":null,"abstract":"The thermionic gridded gun is described which generates short electron\u0000bunches for further acceleration in a Nb3Sn conduction cooled SRF linac. The\u0000gun is built into the first cavity of the 250 keV injector [1] for the 20 kW,\u000010 MeV, 1.3 GHz CW conduction cooled one-cavity linac. The beam current is 2\u0000mA. The RF gun design is presented as well as the results of perveance\u0000measurements, which are in a good agreement with the design parameters. The\u0000design of the RF resonator of the gun is presented also. The beam generated by\u0000the gun is matched to the injector to provide lack of current interception in\u0000the SRF cavity.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of analogue MAPS fabricated in 65 nm technology for the ALICE ITS3","authors":"Kunal Gautamfor the ALICE Collaboration, Ajit Kumarfor the ALICE Collaboration","doi":"arxiv-2409.07543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.07543","url":null,"abstract":"The ALICE ITS3 project foresees the use of ultra-light MAPS, developed in the\u000065 nm imaging process, for the vertex detector in the ALICE experiment at the\u0000LHC to drastically improve the vertexing performance. This new development,\u0000initiated by an international consortium of the ALICE ITS3 collaboration and\u0000the CERN EP R&D project, enhances the overall MAPS performance. Small-scale\u0000prototypes are designed to study the analogue properties of the TPSCo 65 nm\u0000technology and compare the charge collection performance in different\u0000processes, pitches, pixel geometries, and irradiation levels. Recent results\u0000from lab and test-beam characterisation detailing the efficiency and the\u0000spatial resolution of the APTS with different pixel geometries and pitches\u0000satisfy the ALICE ITS3 requirements. A quantitative evolution of the charge\u0000collection and sharing among pixels is evident in the CE-65 with different\u0000in-pixel readouts. Attaining a spatial resolution better than 3 $mu$m with a\u000010 $mu$m pitch and over 99% efficiency in the moderate irradiation environment\u0000of ALICE also supports the viability of using 65 nm MAPS for FCC-ee vertex\u0000detectors.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dataset of Tensile Properties for Sub-sized Specimens of Nuclear Structural Materials","authors":"Longze Li, John W. Merickel, Yalei Tang, Rongjie Song, Joshua E. Rittenhouse, Aleksandar Vakanski, Fei Xu","doi":"arxiv-2409.08306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.08306","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical testing with sub-sized specimens plays an important role in the\u0000nuclear industry, facilitating tests in confined experimental spaces with lower\u0000irradiation levels and accelerating the qualification of new materials. The\u0000reduced size of specimens results in different material behavior at the\u0000microscale, mesoscale, and macroscale, in comparison to standard-sized\u0000specimens, which is referred to as the specimen size effect. Although\u0000analytical models have been proposed to correlate the properties of sub-sized\u0000specimens to standard-sized specimens, these models lack broad applicability\u0000across different materials and testing conditions. The objective of this study\u0000is to create the first large public dataset of tensile properties for sub-sized\u0000specimens used in nuclear structural materials. We performed an extensive\u0000literature review of relevant publications and extracted over 1,000 tensile\u0000testing records comprising 54 parameters including material type and\u0000composition, manufacturing information, irradiation conditions, specimen\u0000dimensions, and tensile properties. The dataset can serve as a valuable\u0000resource to investigate the specimen size effect and develop computational\u0000methods to correlate the tensile properties of sub-sized specimens.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of ion-beam sputtered silicon nitride thin films for low-noise mirror coatings of gravitational-wave detectors","authors":"A. Amato, M. Bazzan, G. Cagnoli, M. Canepa, M. Coulon, J. Degallaix, N. Demos, M. Evans, F. Fabrizi, G. Favaro, D. Forest, S. Gras, D. Hofman, A. Lemaitre, G. Maggioni, M. Magnozzi, V. Martinez, L. Mereni, C. Michel, V. Milotti, M. Montani, A. Paolone, A. Pereira, F. Piergiovanni, V. Pierro, L. Pinard, I. M. Pinto, E. Placidi, S. Samandari, B. Sassolas, N. Shcheblanov, J. Teillon, I. Vickridge, M. Granata","doi":"arxiv-2409.07147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.07147","url":null,"abstract":"Brownian thermal noise of thin-film coatings is a fundamental limit for\u0000high-precision experiments based on optical resonators such as\u0000gravitational-wave interferometers. Here we present the results of a research\u0000activity aiming to develop lower-noise ion-beam sputtered silicon nitride thin\u0000films compliant with the very stringent requirements on optical loss of\u0000gravitational-wave interferometers. In order to test the hypothesis of a correlation between the synthesis\u0000conditions of the films and their elemental composition and optical and\u0000mechanical properties, we varied the voltage, current intensity and composition\u0000of the sputtering ion beam, and we performed a broad campaign of\u0000characterizations. While the refractive index was found to monotonically depend\u0000on the beam voltage and linearly vary with the N/Si ratio, the optical\u0000absorption appeared to be strongly sensitive to other factors, as yet\u0000unidentified. However, by systematically varying the deposition parameters, an\u0000optimal working point was found. Thus we show that the loss angle and\u0000extinction coefficient of our thin films can be as low as $(1.0 pm 0.1) times\u000010^{-4}$ rad at $sim$2.8 kHz and $(6.4 pm 0.2) times 10^{-6}$ at 1064 nm,\u0000respectively, after thermal treatment at 900 $^{circ}$C. Such loss angle value\u0000is the lowest ever measured on this class of thin films. We then used our silicon nitride thin films to design and produce a\u0000multi-material mirror coating showing a thermal noise amplitude of $(10.3 pm\u00000.2) times 10^{-18}$ m Hz$^{-1/2}$ at 100 Hz, which is 25% lower than in\u0000current mirror coatings of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo\u0000interferometers, and an optical absorption as low as $(1.9 pm 0.2)$ parts per\u0000million at 1064 nm.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations of Charge Collection and Signal Timing in a multi-pixel Silicon Drift Detector","authors":"Christian Forstner, Korbinian Urban, Marco Carminati, Frank Edzards, Carlo Fiorini, Manuel Lebert, Peter Lechner, Daniel Siegmann, Daniela Spreng, Susanne Mertens","doi":"arxiv-2409.08901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.08901","url":null,"abstract":"Sterile neutrinos are a minimal extension of the Standard Model of particle\u0000physics and a promising candidate for dark matter if their mass is in the\u0000keV-range. The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN), equipped with a\u0000novel multi-pixel silicon drift detector array, the TRISTAN detector, will be\u0000capable of searching for these keV-scale sterile neutrinos by investigating the\u0000kinematics of the tritium $beta$-decay. This measurement will be performed\u0000after the completion of the neutrino mass measurement campaign. To detect a\u0000sterile neutrino signal with a high sensitivity, a profound understanding of\u0000the detector response is required. In this work, we report on the\u0000characterization of a 7-pixel TRISTAN prototype detector with a laser system.\u0000We present the experimental results obtained in high-resolution scans of the\u0000detector surface with a focused laser beam and demonstrate how the charge\u0000collection and the timing of the signals generated in the detector is related\u0000to the detector geometry. A comparison of the experimental data with\u0000simulations shows a good agreement.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142269234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A general method for calibration of active scanning thermal probes","authors":"Alexander Tselev","doi":"arxiv-2409.06872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.06872","url":null,"abstract":"Scanning Thermal Microscopy (SThM) is a scanning probe technique aimed at\u0000quantitative characterization of local thermal properties at the length scale\u0000down to tens of nanometers. With many probe designs and approaches to\u0000interpretation of probe responses, there is a need for a universal framework,\u0000which would allow probe calibration and comparison of probe performance. Here,\u0000we have developed a calibration framework based on an abstracted, formal, probe\u0000model for active SThM probes. The calibration can be accomplished through\u0000measurements with two or three calibration samples. Requirements to calibration\u0000samples are described with examples of structures of suitable samples\u0000identified in published literature. A link to a published experimental work\u0000indirectly verifying the proposed procedure is provided. The calibration does\u0000not require knowledge of internal probe properties and yields a small and\u0000universal set of parameters that can be used to quantify thermal resistance\u0000presented to the probe by samples as well as to characterize active-mode SThM\u0000probes of any type and at any measurement frequency. We have illustrated how\u0000the probe calibration parameters can be used to guide probe design. We have\u0000also analyzed when the calibration approach can be used directly to measure\u0000thermal conductivity of unknown samples.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}