{"title":"Exploring the Potential of Resonance Islands and Bent Crystals for a Novel Slow Extraction from Circular Hadron Accelerators","authors":"D. E. Veres, G. Franchetti, M. Giovannozzi","doi":"arxiv-2409.10928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.10928","url":null,"abstract":"New developments in accelerator physics have broadened the set of available\u0000techniques for manipulating charged-particle beams. Adiabatic trapping and\u0000transport of beam in resonance islands has been studied and successfully\u0000implemented at the CERN Proton Synchrotron to perform multiturn extraction.\u0000Bent crystals have been successfully installed in the CERN Large Hadron\u0000Collider, improving the cleaning performance of the collimation system, and at\u0000the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron for reducing losses at the extraction septum\u0000in the case of slow extraction. In this paper, we discuss the potential of the\u0000combined use of resonance islands and bent crystals to devise a novel technique\u0000to perform slow extraction in circular hadron accelerators. The proposed\u0000approach is promising, particularly for applications with high-intensity beams,\u0000as it could dramatically reduce the losses on the extraction devices.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142251500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. A. Antipov, V. Gubaidulin, I. Agapov, E. C. Cortes Garcia, A. Gamelin
{"title":"Space Charge and Future Light Sources","authors":"S. A. Antipov, V. Gubaidulin, I. Agapov, E. C. Cortes Garcia, A. Gamelin","doi":"arxiv-2409.08637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.08637","url":null,"abstract":"It is a truth universally acknowledged, that space charge effects in\u0000ultrarelativistic electron storage rings are irrelevant due to the steep\u0000inverse dependence of their strength on the Lorentz factor. Yet, with the push\u0000towards the diffraction limit, the state-of-the-art light sources are\u0000approaching the point where their emittance becomes so small that the space\u0000charge force can no longer be ignored. In this paper, we demonstrate how space\u0000charge effects affect the injection dynamics, dynamical aperture, and\u0000collective beam stability on the example of 4th generation light sources PETRA\u0000IV and SOLEIL II.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142251499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. SolyakFermilab, Batavia, USA, I. GoninFermilab, Batavia, USA, A. SainiFermilab, Batavia, USA, V. YakovlevFermilab, Batavia, USA, C. EdwardsFermilab, Batavia, USA, J. C. ThangarajFermilab, Batavia, USA, R. KostinEuclid Techlabs LLC, C. JingEuclid Techlabs LLC
{"title":"Beam Dynamics simulations for ERDC project -- SRF linac for industrial use","authors":"N. SolyakFermilab, Batavia, USA, I. GoninFermilab, Batavia, USA, A. SainiFermilab, Batavia, USA, V. YakovlevFermilab, Batavia, USA, C. EdwardsFermilab, Batavia, USA, J. C. ThangarajFermilab, Batavia, USA, R. KostinEuclid Techlabs LLC, C. JingEuclid Techlabs LLC","doi":"arxiv-2409.07561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.07561","url":null,"abstract":"Compact conductively cooled SRF industrial linacs can provide unique\u0000parameters of the electron beam for industrial applications. (up to 10MeV,\u00001MW). For ERDC project we designed normal conducting RF injector with thermal\u0000RF gridded gun integrated in first cell of multi-cell cavities. For design of\u0000the RF gun we used MICHELLE software to simulate and optimize parameters of the\u0000beam. Output file was converted to ASTRA format and most beam dynamic\u0000simulations in multi-cell normal conducting cavity and cryomodule were\u0000performed by using ASTRA software. For cross-checking we compare results of\u0000MICHELLE and AS-TRA in first few cells. At the end of injector beam reach\u0000~250keV energy which allow to trap bunch in acceleration regime without losses\u0000in TESLA like 1.3 GHz cavity. Short solenoid at the end of injector allow to\u0000regulate transverse beam size in cryomodule to match beam to extraction system\u0000and also reduce charge losses in accelerator.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. WallbankFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, J. JarvisFermi National Accelerator Laboratory
{"title":"Realizing Steady-State Microbunching with Optical Stochastic Crystallization","authors":"M. WallbankFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, J. JarvisFermi National Accelerator Laboratory","doi":"arxiv-2409.06619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.06619","url":null,"abstract":"Optical Stochastic Cooling (OSC) is a state-of-the-art beam cooling\u0000technology first demonstrated in 2021 at the IOTA storage ring at Fermilab's\u0000FAST facility. A second phase of the research program is planned to run in\u0000early 2025 and will incorporate an optical amplifier to enable significantly\u0000increased cooling rates and greater operational flexibility. In addition to\u0000beam cooling, an OSC system can be configured to enable advanced control over\u0000the phase space of the beam. An example operational mode could enable\u0000crystallization, where the particles in a bunch are locked into a\u0000self-reinforcing, regular microstructure at the OSC fundamental wavelength; we\u0000refer to this as Optical Stochastic Crystallization (OSX). OSX represents a new\u0000path toward Steady-State Microbunching (SSMB), which may enable light sources\u0000combining the high brightness of a free-electron laser with the high repetition\u0000rate of a storage ring. Such a source has applications from the terahertz to\u0000the extreme ultraviolet (EUV), including high-power EUV generation for\u0000semiconductor lithography. This contribution will discuss the status of the OSC\u0000experimental program and its potential to achieve the first demonstration of\u0000SSMB during the upcoming experimental run.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonin Sulc, Thorsten Hellert, Raimund Kammering, Hayden Houscher, Jason St. John
{"title":"Towards Agentic AI on Particle Accelerators","authors":"Antonin Sulc, Thorsten Hellert, Raimund Kammering, Hayden Houscher, Jason St. John","doi":"arxiv-2409.06336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.06336","url":null,"abstract":"As particle accelerators grow in complexity, traditional control methods face\u0000increasing challenges in achieving optimal performance. This paper envisions a\u0000paradigm shift: a decentralized multi-agent framework for accelerator control,\u0000powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) and distributed among autonomous\u0000agents. We present a proposition of a self-improving decentralized system where\u0000intelligent agents handle high-level tasks and communication and each agent is\u0000specialized control individual accelerator components. This approach raises some questions: What are the future applications of AI\u0000in particle accelerators? How can we implement an autonomous complex system\u0000such as a particle accelerator where agents gradually improve through\u0000experience and human feedback? What are the implications of integrating a\u0000human-in-the-loop component for labeling operational data and providing expert\u0000guidance? We show two examples, where we demonstrate viability of such\u0000architecture.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Russo, G. Franchetti, M. Giovannozzi, E. H. Maclean
{"title":"Harmonic analysis of non-stationary signals with application to LHC beam measurements","authors":"G. Russo, G. Franchetti, M. Giovannozzi, E. H. Maclean","doi":"arxiv-2409.05406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.05406","url":null,"abstract":"Harmonic analysis has provided powerful tools to accurately determine the\u0000tune from turn-by-turn data originating from numerical simulations or beam\u0000measurements in circular accelerators and storage rings. Methods that have been\u0000developed since the 1990s are suitable for stationary signals, i.e., time\u0000series whose properties do not vary with time and are represented by stationary\u0000signals. However, it is common experience that accelerator physics is a rich\u0000source of time series in which the signal amplitude varies over time.\u0000Furthermore, the properties of the amplitude variation of the signal often\u0000contain essential information about the phenomena under consideration. In this\u0000paper, a novel approach is presented, suitable for determining the tune of a\u0000non-stationary signal, which is based on the use of the Hilbert transform. The\u0000accuracy of the proposed methods is assessed in detail, and an application to\u0000the analysis of beam data collected at the CERN Large Hadron Collider is\u0000presented and discussed in detail.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maximilian Herbert, Tobias Eggert, Joachim Enders, Markus Engart, Yuliya Fritzsche, Maximilian Meier, Julian Schulze, Vincent Wende
{"title":"Cs-O$_2$-Li as enhanced NEA surface layer with increased lifetime for GaAs photocathodes","authors":"Maximilian Herbert, Tobias Eggert, Joachim Enders, Markus Engart, Yuliya Fritzsche, Maximilian Meier, Julian Schulze, Vincent Wende","doi":"arxiv-2409.04319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.04319","url":null,"abstract":"GaAs-based photocathodes are the only viable source capable of providing\u0000spin-polarized electrons for accelerator applications. This type of\u0000photocathode requires a thin surface layer, in order to achieve negative\u0000electron affinity (NEA) for efficient photo-emission. However, this layer is\u0000vulnerable to environmental and operational effects, leading to a decay of the\u0000quantum efficiency $eta$ characterized by a decay constant or lifetime $tau$.\u0000In order to increase $tau$, additional agents can be introduced during the\u0000activation procedure to improve the chemical robustness of the surface layer.\u0000This paper presents the results of recent research on Li as enhancement agent\u0000for photocathode activation using Cs and O$_2$, forming Cs-O$_2$-Li as enhanced\u0000NEA layer. Measurements yielded an increase in lifetime by a factor of up to 19\u0000$pm$ 2 and an increase in extracted charge by a factor of up to 16.5 $pm$\u00002.4, without significant reduction of $eta$. This performance is equal to or\u0000better than that reported for other enhanced NEA layers so far.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Henderson, J. P. Edelen, J. Einstein-Curtis, C. C. Hall, J. A. Diaz Cruz, A. L. Edelen
{"title":"Machine Learning for Reducing Noise in RF Control Signals at Industrial Accelerators","authors":"M. Henderson, J. P. Edelen, J. Einstein-Curtis, C. C. Hall, J. A. Diaz Cruz, A. L. Edelen","doi":"arxiv-2409.03931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.03931","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial particle accelerators typically operate in dirtier environments\u0000than research accelerators, leading to increased noise in RF and electronic\u0000systems. Furthermore, given that industrial accelerators are mass produced,\u0000less attention is given to optimizing the performance of individual systems. As\u0000a result, industrial accelerators tend to underperform their own hardware\u0000capabilities. Improving signal processing for these machines will improve cost\u0000and time margins for deployment, helping to meet the growing demand for\u0000accelerators for medical sterilization, food irradiation, cancer treatment, and\u0000imaging. Our work focuses on using machine learning techniques to reduce noise\u0000in RF signals used for pulse-to-pulse feedback in industrial accelerators. Here\u0000we review our algorithms and observed results for simulated RF systems, and\u0000discuss next steps with the ultimate goal of deployment on industrial systems.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"542 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benjamin Sims, John W. Lewellen, Xu Ting, Sergey V. Baryshev
{"title":"Thermal Emittance Isolation by Cathode Retraction","authors":"Benjamin Sims, John W. Lewellen, Xu Ting, Sergey V. Baryshev","doi":"arxiv-2409.03499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.03499","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a combination of cathode retraction and two-slit emittance\u0000measurement technique is proposed as an advanced means to individually modify\u0000emittance growth components, specifically, rf injector fringe fields, to\u0000isolate and directly measure the thermal emittance, the fundamental beam\u0000emittance metric for an electron beam. A case study of the LCLS-II-HE Low\u0000Emittance Injector (LEI), a state-of-the-art superconducting radiofrequency\u0000(SRF) gun, designed for LCLS-II HE upgrade is used to showcase the power of the\u0000two-slit technique. Particularly, it is demonstrated that generating a high\u0000resolution phase-space distribution map, dominated by the intrinsic emittance\u0000of the electron bunch, is possible. This result goes beyond the normal\u0000single-parameter distribution characterizations (e.g. RMS emittance and Twiss\u0000parameters) provided by the solenoid scan. One key feature making this\u0000technique work (and in the end practically useful) is the ability to retract\u0000the cathode, because it provides the ability to compensate for radiofrequency\u0000(rf) de-focusing. It is demonstrated how the cathode retraction can serve as an\u0000additional optimisation tool for tailoring the routine performance of the\u0000photoinjector. We posit that a variable position cathode may be a useful method\u0000for optimizing photoinjector performance across multiple parameters regimes.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruihu Zhu, Chris Rogers, Jiancheng Yang, He Zhao, Cheng Guo, Jiangdong Li
{"title":"Performance and tolerance study of the rectilinear cooling channel for a muon collider","authors":"Ruihu Zhu, Chris Rogers, Jiancheng Yang, He Zhao, Cheng Guo, Jiangdong Li","doi":"arxiv-2409.02613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.02613","url":null,"abstract":"The muon collider has the potential to be a powerful tool for the exploration\u0000of frontiers in particle physics. In order to reach high luminosity, the 6D\u0000emittance of the muon beam needs to be reduced by several orders of magnitude.\u0000The cooling process for a muon collider involves two parts; initial\u0000six-dimensional cooling and final transverse cooling. This paper focuses on the\u0000former and proposes a conceptual design of the rectilinear cooling channel with\u0000additional dipole magnets. In this paper, we first introduce a general method\u0000for designing the rectilinear cooling channel. Subsequently, we apply this\u0000method to develop two rectilinear cooling channels before and after a bunch\u0000merging system. Furthermore, we investigate the impact on cooling performance\u0000by employing $pi$-mode RF cavities and considering the effect of errors in the\u0000magnetic and RF fields.","PeriodicalId":501318,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Accelerator Physics","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}