medRxiv - Public and Global Health最新文献

{"title":"The public health co-benefits of strategies consistent with net-zero emissions: a systematic review of quantitative studies","authors":"Léo Moutet, Paquito Bernard, Rosemary Green, James Milner, Andy Haines, Rémy Slama, Laura TEMIME, Kévin Jean","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.26.24312597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.26.24312597","url":null,"abstract":"Moving toward carbon-neutral societies is projected to provide health co-benefits, yet their magnitude is not well-documented and may be context-specific. Synthesizing the evidence on these co-benefits could enhance the engagement of decision-makers and populations. We performed a systematic review including 55 quantitative studies exploring 121 scenarios. Across air quality, physical activity and dietary changes pathways, substantial health co-benefits were found, with half of scenarios showing a mortality reduction by more than 1.5%, in addition to benefits directly related to climate stabilization. However, these co-benefits varied with explored emission sectors, decarbonization levers, modelling approaches and locations. Among studies including a cost-benefit analysis, 11 out of 13 estimated that monetized benefits outweighed the costs of implementing climate policies. This review highlights the need for a standardised framework to assess and compare health impacts of climate mitigation actions across sectors, and confirms that achieving net-zero goals represent far-reaching public health policies.","PeriodicalId":501276,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Public and Global Health","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Risk Factors for Comorbid Depression in Osteoarthritis: A Scoping Review Protocol","authors":"Kathrin Maria Bogensberger, Dagmar Schaffler-Schaden, Eva Perl, Markus Ritter, Wolfgang Hitzl, Bibiane Steinecker-Frohnwieser, Antje van der Zee-Neuen","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.26.24312577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.26.24312577","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Globally, osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease, affecting approximately 600 million people. It is characterised by progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage, osteophyte formation, and asymmetric joint space narrowing, leading to pain, stiffness, and functional impairment. The current focus of disease management is on symptom relief and functional improvement. However, these interventions frequently do not provide adequate outcomes. This may be attributed to a lack of consideration for contextual factors, including the presence of comorbidities such as depression. Several studies indicate that depression is highly prevalent, affecting up to 20% of OA patients. As depression is known to be a multifactorial disorder, there are various risk factors that may increase the likelihood of comorbid depression in patients with OA. Consequently, the scoping review`s objective is to map the existing literature on risk factors for comorbid depression in individuals with OA. Furthermore, the review is expected to provide important information for further in-depth investigation and the development of predictive tools to support the early identification of patients with OA at risk of comorbid depression. Methods and Analysis: The intended review will target studies reporting risk factors for comorbid depression in individuals with OA. All available primary and grey literature will be considered for inclusion. Only articles published in English or German will be included in the review. The review will follow the format specified by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. Original research in published and unpublished literature from inception until August 2024 will be included into the review. The databases to be searched will include PubMed, EMBASE, PsychInfo, and Web of Science. In addition, further literature will be identified by searching the reference lists of the included studies. Three reviewers will independently screen the identified studies for final inclusion. The data will be extracted and presented in tabular form and in a narrative summary that aligns with the review`s objective. Furthermore, a quality assessment of the included studies will be conducted using appropriate tools, and the results will be incorporated into the synthesis. Any disagreements that arise between the reviewers will be resolved through discussion or with an additional reviewer. Ethics and Dissemination: Ethics committee approval will not be required because only published and publicly available data will be examined to answer the research question of the scoping review. We will not collect any personal information or any information that requires ethical approval. Keywords: osteoarthritis, depression, risk factors, epidemiology, comorbidity","PeriodicalId":501276,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Public and Global Health","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protocol for a scoping review of theorised pathways between home energy decarbonisation and health and health inequalities","authors":"Vicki Ponce Hardy, Amy Stevenson, Gerry McCartney, Alison Heppenstall, Petra Meier","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.23.24312045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.23.24312045","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Access to adequate energy in the home is necessary for a healthy and well life, however current energy use, particularly in high-income countries, is unsustainable. Decarbonisation of home energy can benefit climate mitigation and health but there is the potential to create new, or compound existing, inequalities in health if not implemented equitably. Mapping the theoretical causal pathways between home decarbonisation and health will contribute to further understanding of these mechanisms. Aims: Firstly, to identify theoretical pathways between decarbonisation of home energy and health and health inequalities in high-income countries, and secondly, to synthesise these into a putative causal evidence map. Inclusion criteria: All populations in high-income countries are included, as defined by the World Bank in 2023/24. Included concepts are decarbonisation of home energy, and health and health inequalities. Context for this review comprises of the inclusion of a clear theory linking the concepts. All study designs are included. Methods: This protocol is for a review of theories rather than of intervention effectiveness. Medline/OVID, Scopus, and EconLit will be searched, with no limitation on date. Relevant international policy websites will also be searched. The search is limited to papers in English. Citation tracing may identify further relevant papers. Abstracts and full texts will be screened using Rayyan. At least 10% will be double-screened, and the rest screened by one author, and included full texts will be screened until data saturation is reached. Study inclusion is based on consistency with the inclusion criteria, with some flexibility allowed due to the theoretical nature of this review. Data extracted from papers will be used to develop a diagrammatic map of pathways.","PeriodicalId":501276,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Public and Global Health","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the impact of COVID-19 on urban mobility: A Causal Machine Learning Analysis of Beijing's Subway System","authors":"Linmu Zou, Yanhua Chen, Rui Guo, Peicheng Wang, Yanrong He, Shiyu Chen, Zijia Wang, Jiming Zhu","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.22.24312324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.22.24312324","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically altered urban travel patterns, particularly in public transportation systems like subways. This study examines the effects of the pandemic on subway ridership in Beijing by analyzing the influence of 19 factors, including demographics, land use, network metrics, and weather conditions, before and during the pandemic. Data was collected from June 2019 and June 2020, covering 335 subway stations and over 258 million trips. Using a three-stage analytical framework - comprising Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) for fitting, Meta-Learners for causal analysis, and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for interpretation - we observed a substantial decline in ridership, with approximately 10,000 fewer passengers per station daily, especially in densely populated areas. Our findings reveal significant shifts in influential factors such as centrality, housing prices, and restaurant density. The spatiotemporal analysis highlights the dynamic nature of these changes. This study underscores the need for adaptive urban planning and provides insights for public health strategies to enhance urban resilience in future pandemics.","PeriodicalId":501276,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Public and Global Health","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rainfall and Temperature Modify Effects of On-Site Sanitation Intervention on E. coli Contamination in Bangladeshi Households","authors":"Caitlin G Niven, Mahfuza Islam, Anna Nguyen, Andrew Mertens, Amy J Pickering, Laura H Kwong, Mahfuja Alam, Debashis Sen, Sharmin Islam, Mahbubur Rahman, Leanne Unicomb, Alan E Hubbard, Stephen P Luby, Jessica A Grembi, John M Colford, Benjamin F Arnold, Jade Benjamin-Chung, Ayse Ercumen","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.22.24312444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.22.24312444","url":null,"abstract":"Weather events associated with climate change can influence the environmental spread and survival of fecal pathogens, potentially impacting the efficacy of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions. We used longitudinal data from a randomized controlled trial in Bangladesh to assess whether rainfall and temperature modified the effect of an on-site sanitation intervention on fecal contamination. Over 3.5 years, we enumerated E. coli in household samples along eight fecal-oral pathways (n=23,238 samples) and obtained daily weather data. The intervention included the provision of double-pit latrines, child potties, and scoops for removing child and animal feces, along with behavior change promotion. The intervention was associated with larger reductions in E. coli in/on mother hands, child hands, ponds, and flies (0.10-log to 0.91-log) following higher rainfall and in/on food, mother hands, child hands, soil, and ponds (0.11-log to 0.40-log) following higher temperatures, compared to drier and colder periods. The intervention slightly reduced E. coli in stored drinking water and had no consistent effect on E. coli in tubewell water, regardless of weather. Our findings suggest that sanitation interventions can help mitigate the effects of increased rainfall and temperature on environmental fecal contamination. Previous analyses of these data without stratification by daily weather only found small (approximately 0.10-log) reductions in E. coli in/on stored drinking water and child hands. Future WASH trials should incorporate weather data to identify periods of differential intervention effectiveness to understand how weather variability influences the outcomes of public health interventions and develop strategies to enhance resilience against climate change impacts in vulnerable communities.","PeriodicalId":501276,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Public and Global Health","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline drug treatments and long-term outcomes in COVID-19-hospitalized patients: results of the 2020 AUTCOV study","authors":"Alexandra Christine Graf, Berthold Reichardt, Christine Wagenlechner, Pavla Krotka, Denise Traxler-Weidenauer, Michael Mildner, Julia Mascherbauer, Clemens Aigner, Johann Auer, Ralph Wendt, Hendrik Jan Ankersmit","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.22.24312424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.22.24312424","url":null,"abstract":"Limited data are available on long-term morbidity and mortality after COVID-19 hospitalization. In this population-based study, we investigated the long-term mortality and morbidity after COVID-19 hospitalization and associations with baseline drug treatments. Data were provided on hospitalized COVID-19 patients in 2020 and matched controls by the Austrian Health Insurance Funds. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality conditional on COVID-hospital survival and re-hospitalization due to any reason. The median follow-up was 600 days. 22 571 patients aged >18 years were hospitalized in Austria in 2020 due to COVID-19. The risk of all-cause mortality was significantly higher with polypharmacy. With the exception of the youngest age group (19-40 years), antiepileptics, antipsychotics and the medicament group of iron supplements, erythropoietic stimulating agents, Vitamin B12, and folic acid were significantly associated with a higher risk of death (all p<0,001). For Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other anti-inflammatory drugs, significantly increased survival was observed (all p<0,001). Patients had a higher drug prescription load than the control population. Long-term mortality and the risk of re-hospitalization due to any reason were also significantly greater in the patients. Antipsychotics are assumed to be an underrecognized medication group linked to worse outcomes after COVID-19 hospitalization.","PeriodicalId":501276,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Public and Global Health","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Household behaviour change interventions to improve sanitation and hygiene practices in urban settings: a scoping review","authors":"Clara MacLeod, Katherine Davies, Mwamba Mwenge, Jenala Chipungu, Oliver Cumming, Robert Dreibelbis","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.20.24312313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.20.24312313","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Behaviour change interventions have the potential to improve sanitation and hygiene practices in urban settings. However, the evidence on which behaviour change interventions are effective is unclear. This scoping review assesses the effectiveness of behaviour change interventions on sanitation and hygiene practices in urban settings. Methods: We performed electronic searches across five databases and one grey literature database to identify relevant studies published between 1 January 1990 and 20 November 2023 in English. Eligible study designs included randomised and non-randomised controlled trials with a concurrent control. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported a behaviour change intervention for improving sanitation and/or hygiene practices in an urban setting. Individual behaviour change intervention components were mapped to one of nine intervention functions of the capabilities, opportunities, motivations, and behaviour (COM-B) framework. Risk of bias was assessed for each study using an adapted Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: After de-duplication, 8,249 documents were screened by abstract and title, with 79 documents retrieved for full-text screening. We included 13 studies ranging from low- to high-quality. The behaviour change interventions had mixed effects on sanitation and hygiene practices in urban settings. Specifically, interventions improved latrine quality but not safe child faeces disposal. Interventions often improved handwashing with soap at key times and sometimes increased the presence of soap and water at the handwashing facility. There is limited evidence on the effect on food hygiene practices. Most study outcomes were measured between 6 and 12 months after intervention implementation, which may undermine the sustainability of behaviour change interventions. Conclusion: Despite mixed effects on sanitation and hygiene outcomes, behaviour change interventions can improve certain practices in urban settings, such as latrine quality improvements and handwashing with soap at the household or compound level. More ambitious behaviour change interventions are needed to reduce disparities in sanitation and hygiene access in urban areas globally.","PeriodicalId":501276,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Public and Global Health","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 load and variant composition at a large metropolitan wastewater treatment plant using a simple two-step direct capture RNA extraction, droplet digital PCR, and targeted mutation assays","authors":"Steven J. Balogh, George B. Sprouse, Kenneth B. Beckman, Ray H.B. Watson, Darrell M. Johnson, Lee D. Pinkerton, Yabing H. Nollet, Adam W. Sealock, Walter S.C. Atkins, Laura M. Selenke, Joseph A. Kinney, Patrick J.R. Grady, Brandon Vanderbush, Jerry J. Daniel","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.21.24311866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.21.24311866","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater surveillance offers an objective, comprehensive, and cost-effective means of monitoring the prevalence and genomic heterogeneity of pathogens circulating in a community. Here, a novel two-step extraction procedure for the direct capture of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from raw wastewater is presented. Combined with reverse transcription-droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (RT-ddPCR) detection, the method provides a fast and sensitive method for measuring viral RNA concentrations in wastewater. The method was used to measure the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in daily samples of wastewater entering a major metropolitan wastewater treatment plant over the course of 32 months, from November 2020 through June 2023. In addition, targeted mutation assays were used with RT-ddPCR to characterize the evolving presence and prevalence of specific SARS-CoV-2 variant sub-lineages in the wastewater stream over time. The results demonstrate the utility of these methods to accurately measure the total load of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and chronicle its evolving variant composition, in wastewater treatment plant influent, providing near-real-time characterization of COVID-19 disease prevalence and trends in the served community.","PeriodicalId":501276,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Public and Global Health","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stakeholders Perspective of Integrating Female Genital Schistosomiasis into HIV Care: A Qualitative Study in Ghana","authors":"Emmanuel Asampong, Franklin Glozah, Adanna Nwameme, Ruby Hornuvo, Philip Teg-Nefaah Tabong, Edward Mberu Kamau","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.21.24312334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.21.24312334","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), HIV infection is the main factor contributing to adult premature death. The prevalence of HIV in the region could also be associated with recent increases in Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) globally. The fast-rising prevalence of FGS in SSA nations including Ghana, which has led to the emergence of dual HIV-FGS conditions, provides evidence of the trend. As such the WHO is advocating for integrated services of HIV and FGS care. This study explored stakeholders’ perspectives of the integration of prevention and control measures for Female Genital Schistosomiasis and HIV care in FGS endemic settings in Ghana.\u0000Methods\u0000The study was conducted in the Ga South Municipality in the Greater Accra region of Ghana. Using qualitative research methods, Focus Group Discussion was conducted with Community Health Officers (n=9) and Key Informant Interviews with stakeholders including health care professionals and providers at the Regional, District and community levels (n=13) to explore the feasibility, challenges, and opportunities of integrating FGS prevention and control package with HIV continuum of care in communities. In-depth interviews were also conducted among Persons with FGS and HIV (n=13), Female Households (n=10), Community Health Management Committee members and Community leader (n=7) to explore their views on the facilitators and barriers of the integration of FGS into HIV care into the Primary Health Care (PHC) in Ghana. All study participants were purposively sampled to achieve the study objective. All audio-recorded data were transcribed verbatim, a codebook developed, and the data was thematically analysed with the aid of NVivo software version 13. Results\u0000The study identified a knowledge gap regarding Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) compared to HIV. The majority of Community Health Officers (CHOs) exhibited limited knowledge about FGS. Additionally, health workers misconstrued FGS as sexually transmitted infections. Community members who expressed knowledge of FGS were about gynecological symptoms of FGS. Three main health outlets; health facilities, herbal centers, and spiritual centers are utilized either concurrently or in sequence. This health seeking behaviour negatively affected the early detection and management of FGS among HIV clients. Integration of HIV and FGS may be affected by the limited awareness and knowledge, resource constraints, stigma and discrimination, healthcare providers’ attitudes and practices, and cultural beliefs.\u0000Conclusions\u0000The study finds that knowledge of FGS was usually low among both community members and Community Health Officers. This was having a detrimental effect on regular screening of females for genital schistosomiasis. Integration of FGS and HIV has the potential to help Ghana achieve HIV eradication; however, before such a program is launched, implementation barriers such as stigma, knowledge gap, unavailability of needed logistics at health faciliti","PeriodicalId":501276,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Public and Global Health","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Risks to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Services and Evidence of Inclusive and Effective Interventions in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review","authors":"Jane Wilbur, Doug Ruuska, Shahpara Nawaz, Julian Natukunda","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.21.24312122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.21.24312122","url":null,"abstract":"People with disabilities face significant disparities in access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services, negatively affecting their health. Climate change exacerbates this by damaging WASH infrastructure and disrupting behaviours. Despite their heightened vulnerability, the needs of people with disabilities are often overlooked in climate change response strategies, putting them at greater risk. This study explored how climate change impacts WASH services and behaviours and whether climate-resilient WASH interventions are disability-inclusive and gender equitable in low and middle income countries. Nine online databases were searched in July 2023 and May 2024 to identify peer-reviewed papers (CINAHL Complete, Embase, Global Health; Web of Science; ECONLIT; DESASTRES, GreenFILE, MEDLINE via PubMed, Education Resources Information Centre). Grey literature was identified through OPENGrey, WHO, AHRQ, BASE and Google Scholar. Eligible papers included data on the impact of weather or climate on WASH services and behaviours, particularly for people with disabilities and women. Studies focused on community-based WASH interventions in LMICs and were published between 2000 and 2023 in English. Twenty two studies were included. Thirteen included results about women and girls; two considered disability. Only two evaluated climate resilient WASH interventions (rainwater harvesting), and neither focused on disability. Most studies examined rainfall uncertainty and drought, covering diverse locations, including South Asia and East Africa. Most studies were published after 2020. Results show that climate change is exacerbating WASH inequalities, particularly affecting women and people with disabilities, while also adversely impacting public health by disrupting water availability, quality, and sanitation services. Variability in rainfall, droughts, floods, and saltwater intrusion significantly affect water reliability, quantity, and quality, leading to increased waterborne diseases, mental health issues, and other health problems. Social capital and kinship networks are critical during water scarcity. People with disabilities are especially vulnerable, often relying on people feeling morally obligated to support water collection. To cope, people diversify their water sources and prioritise water use for agriculture and livelihood security over hygiene, which elevates health risks. Extreme weather events further complicate the situation by damaging sanitation facilities, leading to increased open defecation and the spread of diseases. Rebuilding sanitation facilities is often deprioritised due to repeated damage, mental fatigue of constant reconstruction, and immediate survival needs. Water is frequently prioritised for agriculture over proper sanitation and hygiene practices, resulting in higher rates of open defecation and declining hygiene, as water use for handwashing, cleaning utensils, laundry, and menstrual hygiene is restricted. Consuming saline","PeriodicalId":501276,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Public and Global Health","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}