{"title":"Networks of Binary Necklaces Induced by Elementary Cellular Automata Rules","authors":"Lapo Frati, Csenge Petak, Nick Cheney","doi":"arxiv-2409.04780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.04780","url":null,"abstract":"Elementary cellular automata deterministically map a binary sequence to\u0000another using simple local rules. Visualizing the structure of this mapping is\u0000difficult because the number of nodes (i.e. possible binary sequences) grows\u0000exponentially. If periodic boundary conditions are used, rotation of a sequence\u0000and rule application to that sequence commute. This allows us to recover the\u0000rotational invariance property of loops and to reduce the number of nodes by\u0000only considering binary necklaces, the equivalence class of n-character strings\u0000taking all rotations as equivalent. Combining together many equivalent\u0000histories reveals the general structure of the rule, both visually and\u0000computationally. In this work, we investigate the structure of\u0000necklace-networks induced by the 256 Elementary Cellular Automata rules and\u0000show how their network structure change as the length of necklaces grow.","PeriodicalId":501231,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michiel Rollier, Aisling J. Daly, Odemir M. Bruno, Jan M. Baetens
{"title":"Efficient Simulation of Non-uniform Cellular Automata with a Convolutional Neural Network","authors":"Michiel Rollier, Aisling J. Daly, Odemir M. Bruno, Jan M. Baetens","doi":"arxiv-2409.02722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.02722","url":null,"abstract":"Cellular automata (CAs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are closely\u0000related due to the local nature of information processing. The connection\u0000between these topics is beneficial to both related fields, for conceptual as\u0000well as practical reasons. Our contribution solidifies this connection in the\u0000case of non-uniform CAs (nuCAs), simulating a global update in the architecture\u0000of the Python package TensorFlow. Additionally, we demonstrate how the highly\u0000optimised out-of-the-box multiprocessing in TensorFlow offers interesting\u0000computational benefits, especially when simulating large numbers of nuCAs with\u0000many cells.","PeriodicalId":501231,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Convolutional Neural Networks for Automated Cellular Automaton Classification","authors":"Michiel Rollier, Aisling J. Daly, Jan M. Baetens","doi":"arxiv-2409.02740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.02740","url":null,"abstract":"The emergent dynamics in spacetime diagrams of cellular automata (CAs) is\u0000often organised by means of a number of behavioural classes. Whilst\u0000classification of elementary CAs is feasible and well-studied, non-elementary\u0000CAs are generally too diverse and numerous to exhaustively classify manually.\u0000In this chapter we treat the spacetime diagram as a digital image, and\u0000implement simple computer vision techniques to perform an automated\u0000classification of elementary cellular automata into the five Li-Packard\u0000classes. In particular, we present a supervised learning task to a\u0000convolutional neural network, in such a way that it may be generalised to\u0000non-elementary CAs. If we want to do so, we must divert the algorithm's focus\u0000away from the underlying 'microscopic' local updates. We first show that\u0000previously developed deep learning approaches have in fact been trained to\u0000identify the local update rule, rather than directly focus on the mesoscopic\u0000patterns that are associated with the particular behavioural classes. By means\u0000of a well-argued neural network design, as well as a number of data\u0000augmentation techniques, we then present a convolutional neural network that\u0000performs nearly perfectly at identifying the behavioural class, without\u0000necessarily first identifying the underlying microscopic dynamics.","PeriodicalId":501231,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Block approximations for probabilistic mixtures of elementary cellular automata","authors":"E. N. M. Cirillo, G. Lancia, C. Spitoni","doi":"arxiv-2408.09201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.09201","url":null,"abstract":"Probabilistic Cellular Automata are a generalization of Cellular Automata.\u0000Despite their simple definition, they exhibit fascinating and complex\u0000behaviours. The stationary behaviour of these models changes when model\u0000parameters are varied, making the study of their phase diagrams particularly\u0000interesting. The block approximation method, also known in this context as the\u0000local structure approach, is a powerful tool for studying the main features of\u0000these diagrams, improving upon Mean Field results. This work considers systems\u0000with multiple stationary states, aiming to understand how their interactions\u0000give rise to the structure of the phase diagram. Additionally, it shows how a\u0000simple algorithmic implementation of the block approximation allows for the\u0000effective study of the phase diagram even in the presence of several absorbing\u0000states.","PeriodicalId":501231,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Complete ergodicity in one-dimensional reversible cellar automata","authors":"Naoto Shiraishi, Shinji Takesue","doi":"arxiv-2408.06691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.06691","url":null,"abstract":"Exactly ergodicity in boundary-driven semi-infinite cellular automata (CA)\u0000are investigated. We establish all the ergodic rules in CA with 3, 4, and 5\u0000states. We analytically prove the ergodicity for 12 rules in 3-state CA and\u0000118320 rules in 5-state CA with any ergodic and periodic boundary condition,\u0000and numerically confirm all the other rules non-ergodic with some boundary\u0000condition. We classify ergodic rules into several patterns, which exhibit a\u0000variety of ergodic structure.","PeriodicalId":501231,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonás Carmona-Pírez, Adrian J. Peguero, Vanja Dunjko, Maxim Olshanii, Joanna Ruhl
{"title":"Rule 60 cellular automaton, Mersenne numbers, and the Newman-Moore spin lattice","authors":"Jonás Carmona-Pírez, Adrian J. Peguero, Vanja Dunjko, Maxim Olshanii, Joanna Ruhl","doi":"arxiv-2407.19898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2407.19898","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this paper is to review the properties of a Rule 60 cellular\u0000automaton on a ring with a Mersenne number circumference and to use this\u0000knowledge to explicitly construct all the ground state configurations of the\u0000classical Newman-Moore model (a particular two-dimensional spin lattice model\u0000with a specific three-spin interaction) on a square lattice of the same size.\u0000In this particular case, the number of ground states is equal to half of the\u0000available spin configurations in any given row of the lattice.","PeriodicalId":501231,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141865954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tom Eivind Glover, Ruben Jahren, Francesco Martinuzzi, Pedro Gonçalves Lind, Stefano Nichele
{"title":"A Sensitivity Analysis of Cellular Automata and Heterogeneous Topology Networks: Partially-Local Cellular Automata and Homogeneous Homogeneous Random Boolean Networks","authors":"Tom Eivind Glover, Ruben Jahren, Francesco Martinuzzi, Pedro Gonçalves Lind, Stefano Nichele","doi":"arxiv-2407.18017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2407.18017","url":null,"abstract":"Elementary Cellular Automata (ECA) are a well-studied computational universe\u0000that is, despite its simple configurations, capable of impressive computational\u0000variety. Harvesting this computation in a useful way has historically shown\u0000itself to be difficult, but if combined with reservoir computing (RC), this\u0000becomes much more feasible. Furthermore, RC and ECA enable energy-efficient AI,\u0000making the combination a promising concept for Edge AI. In this work, we\u0000contrast ECA to substrates of Partially-Local CA (PLCA) and Homogeneous\u0000Homogeneous Random Boolean Networks (HHRBN). They are, in comparison, the\u0000topological heterogeneous counterparts of ECA. This represents a step from ECA\u0000towards more biological-plausible substrates. We analyse these substrates by\u0000testing on an RC benchmark (5-bit memory), using Temporal Derrida plots to\u0000estimate the sensitivity and assess the defect collapse rate. We find that,\u0000counterintuitively, disordered topology does not necessarily mean disordered\u0000computation. There are countering computational \"forces\" of topology\u0000imperfections leading to a higher collapse rate (order) and yet, if accounted\u0000for, an increased sensitivity to the initial condition. These observations\u0000together suggest a shrinking critical range.","PeriodicalId":501231,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141772761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tim Gomez, Elise Grizzell, Asher Haun, Ryan Knobel, Tom Peters, Robert Schweller, Tim Wylie
{"title":"Intrinsic Universality in Seeded Active Tile Self-Assembly","authors":"Tim Gomez, Elise Grizzell, Asher Haun, Ryan Knobel, Tom Peters, Robert Schweller, Tim Wylie","doi":"arxiv-2407.11545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2407.11545","url":null,"abstract":"The Tile Automata (TA) model describes self-assembly systems in which\u0000monomers can build structures and transition with an adjacent monomer to change\u0000their states. This paper shows that seeded TA is a non-committal intrinsically\u0000universal model of self-assembly. We present a single universal Tile Automata\u0000system containing approximately 4600 states that can simulate (a) the output\u0000assemblies created by any other Tile Automata system G, (b) the dynamics\u0000involved in building G's assemblies, and (c) G's internal state transitions. It\u0000does so in a non-committal way: it preserves the full non-deterministic\u0000dynamics of a tile's potential attachment or transition by selecting its state\u0000in a single step, considering all possible outcomes until the moment of\u0000selection. The system uses supertiles, each encoding the complete system being\u0000simulated. The universal system builds supertiles from its seed, each\u0000representing a single tile in G, transferring the information to simulate G to\u0000each new tile. Supertiles may also asynchronously transition states according\u0000to the rules of G. This result directly transfers to a restricted version of\u0000asynchronous Cellular Automata: pairwise Cellular Automata.","PeriodicalId":501231,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141721273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unveiling the Dynamics of Employee Behavior Through Wolframs Cellular Automata","authors":"Rakshitha Jayashankar, Mahesh Balan","doi":"arxiv-2407.09581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2407.09581","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding employee behavior in a workplace is critical for enhancing\u0000overall organizational performance. Despite numerous efforts to improve work\u0000environments, many organizations still need help with challenges primarily\u0000rooted in unaddressed issues or poorly understood behavioral patterns. In this\u0000paper, we have focused on recognizing this pattern and the dynamics of complex\u0000systems in organizational behavior and studying how factors influence the\u0000systems overall behavior using Wolframs Cellular Automata theory. Over the\u0000cycle, we observe how leadership influences team dynamics, influences the\u0000organization, and drives employee behavior to foster a positive environment. Keywords: Cellular Automata, Employee Behavior, team dynamics, Leadership\u0000Influence.","PeriodicalId":501231,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141721267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Classification of Cellular Automata based on the Hamming distance","authors":"Gaspar Alfaro, Miguel A. F. Sanjuán","doi":"arxiv-2407.06175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2407.06175","url":null,"abstract":"Elementary cellular automata are the simplest form of cellular automata,\u0000studied extensively by Wolfram in the 1980s. He discovered complex behavior in\u0000some of these automata and developed a classification for all cellular automata\u0000based on their phenomenology. In this paper, we present an algorithm to\u0000classify them more effectively by measuring difference patterns using the\u0000Hamming distance. Our classification aligns with Wolfram's and further\u0000categorizes them into additional subclasses.","PeriodicalId":501231,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141573274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}