Symmetry最新文献_第2页

A Study on Network Anomaly Detection Using Fast Persistent Contrastive Divergence 利用快速持续对比发散进行网络异常现象检测的研究

Symmetry Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.3390/sym16091220

Jaeyeong Jeong, Seongmin Park, Joonhyung Lim, Jiwon Kang, Dongil Shin, Dongkyoo Shin

{"title":"A Study on Network Anomaly Detection Using Fast Persistent Contrastive Divergence","authors":"Jaeyeong Jeong, Seongmin Park, Joonhyung Lim, Jiwon Kang, Dongil Shin, Dongkyoo Shin","doi":"10.3390/sym16091220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16091220","url":null,"abstract":"As network technology evolves, cyberattacks are not only increasing in frequency but also becoming more sophisticated. To proactively detect and prevent these cyberattacks, researchers are developing intrusion detection systems (IDSs) leveraging machine learning and deep learning techniques. However, a significant challenge with these advanced models is the increased training time as model complexity grows, and the symmetry between performance and training time must be taken into account. To address this issue, this study proposes a fast-persistent-contrastive-divergence-based deep belief network (FPCD-DBN) that offers both high accuracy and rapid training times. This model combines the efficiency of contrastive divergence with the powerful feature extraction capabilities of deep belief networks. While traditional deep belief networks use a contrastive divergence (CD) algorithm, the FPCD algorithm improves the performance of the model by passing the results of each detection layer to the next layer. In addition, the mix of parameter updates using fast weights and continuous chains makes the model fast and accurate. The performance of the proposed FPCD-DBN model was evaluated on several benchmark datasets, including NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, and CIC-IDS-2017. As a result, the proposed method proved to be a viable solution as the model performed well with an accuracy of 89.4% and an F1 score of 89.7%. By achieving superior performance across multiple datasets, the approach shows great potential for enhancing network security and providing a robust defense against evolving cyber threats.","PeriodicalId":501198,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The L-Fuzzy Prime Filter Degrees on Lattices and Its Induced L-Fuzzy Convex Structure 网格上的 L-Fuzzy 主滤波器度数及其诱导的 L-Fuzzy 凸结构

Symmetry Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.3390/sym16091215

Lan Wang, Jing Chen

引用次数: 0

Partial Imaginary Transition State (ITS) Graphs: A Formal Framework for Research and Analysis of Atom-to-Atom Maps of Unbalanced Chemical Reactions and Their Completions 部分虚过渡态（ITS）图：研究和分析不平衡化学反应原子到原子映射及其补全的形式框架

Symmetry Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.3390/sym16091217

Marcos E. González Laffitte, Klaus Weinbauer, Tieu-Long Phan, Nora Beier, Nico Domschke, Christoph Flamm, Thomas Gatter, Daniel Merkle, Peter F. Stadler

引用次数: 0

Towards Discriminative Class-Aware Domain Alignment via Coding Rate Reduction for Unsupervised Adversarial Domain Adaptation 通过降低编码率实现无监督对抗性领域适应的辨别式类别感知领域对齐

Symmetry Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.3390/sym16091216

Jiahua Wu, Yuchun Fang

{"title":"Towards Discriminative Class-Aware Domain Alignment via Coding Rate Reduction for Unsupervised Adversarial Domain Adaptation","authors":"Jiahua Wu, Yuchun Fang","doi":"10.3390/sym16091216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16091216","url":null,"abstract":"Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) methods, based on adversarial learning, employ the means of implicit global and class-aware domain alignment to learn the symmetry between source and target domains and facilitate the transfer of knowledge from a labeled source domain to an unlabeled target domain. However, these methods still face misalignment and poor target generalization due to small inter-class domain discrepancy and large intra-class discrepancy of target features. To tackle these challenges, we introduce a novel adversarial learning-based UDA framework named Coding Rate Reduction Adversarial Domain Adaptation (CR2ADA) to better learn the symmetry between source and target domains. Integrating conditional domain adversarial networks with domain-specific batch normalization, CR2ADA learns robust domain-invariant features to implement global domain alignment. For discriminative class-aware domain alignment, we propose the global and local coding rate reduction methods in CR2ADA to maximize inter-class domain discrepancy and minimize intra-class discrepancy of target features. Additionally, CR2ADA combines minimum class confusion and mutual information to further regularize the diversity and discriminability of the learned features. The effectiveness of CR2ADA is demonstrated through experiments on four UDA datasets. The code can be obtained through email or GitHub.","PeriodicalId":501198,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

OGSS: An Ontology-Guided and Scheduled-Sampling Approach for Overlapping Event Extraction OGSS：用于重叠事件提取的本体指导和计划采样方法

Symmetry Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.3390/sym16091214

Jizhao Zhu, Hualong Wen, Xinlong Pan, Xiang Li

{"title":"OGSS: An Ontology-Guided and Scheduled-Sampling Approach for Overlapping Event Extraction","authors":"Jizhao Zhu, Hualong Wen, Xinlong Pan, Xiang Li","doi":"10.3390/sym16091214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16091214","url":null,"abstract":"Event extraction is a complex and challenging task in the field of information extraction. It aims to identify event types, triggers, and argument information from the text. In recent years, overlapping event extraction has attracted the attention of researchers because of its higher challenge and practicability, and some work has carried out in-depth research on overlapping event extraction and achieved remarkable results. But these works (1) ignore the role of ontology knowledge in event extraction; (2) use the same semantic encoding for multi-stage models, lacking consideration for the independent characteristics of extraction tasks such as event types, triggers, and arguments; and (3) face issues in the training process of multi-stage models, such as error cascading and slow convergence. To address the above issues, we propose an ontology-guided and scheduled-sampling approach for overlapping event extraction, termed as OGSS. First, we design a symmetric matrix for event ontology knowledge representation and integrate it into the semantic encoding process, infusing ontology knowledge into event extraction. Second, for extraction targets such as event types, triggers, and arguments, we process the semantic encoding according to the characteristics of each extraction target, obtaining semantic representations tailored for each subtask. Finally, we view multi-stage predictions as sequential outputs of a joint model, using a scheduled sampling strategy between subtasks to effectively mitigate the cascading propagation of errors during training and accelerate model convergence. We conduct extensive experiments on the FewFc event extraction benchmark dataset. The results show that OGSS achieves significant improvements in overlapping event extraction tasks compared to previous methods.","PeriodicalId":501198,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142269659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inhibiting Eutectic Si Macrosegregation in Squeeze Cast A356 Alloy by Symmetrical Multidirectional Pressure 通过对称多向压力抑制挤压铸造 A356 合金中的共晶硅大偏析

Symmetry Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.3390/sym16091213

Weitao Cai, Xiaozu Zhang, Dongtao Wang, Wenping Weng, Zibin Wu, Hiromi Nagaumi

{"title":"Inhibiting Eutectic Si Macrosegregation in Squeeze Cast A356 Alloy by Symmetrical Multidirectional Pressure","authors":"Weitao Cai, Xiaozu Zhang, Dongtao Wang, Wenping Weng, Zibin Wu, Hiromi Nagaumi","doi":"10.3390/sym16091213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16091213","url":null,"abstract":"The process of symmetrical multidirectional pressure was adopted to inhibit the macrosegregation of eutectic Si in squeeze cast A356 alloy. Five pressure modes were applied to study the effects of multidirectional pressure and the timing of pressure application on the macrosegregation of eutectic Si. The results show that the directional movement of the solute-rich liquid phase could be inhibited by symmetrical multidirectional pressure. Therefore, the macrosegregation of eutectic Si in the casting part was inhibited. Moreover, the timing of pressure application should be matched with the local pressure position. After the effective inhibition of the macrosegregation of eutectic Si, the elongation of the alloy was significantly improved, reaching up to 7.12%. In addition, the plastic deformation region was observed at the local pressure position. The grains in the plastic deformation region were refined. The proportion of low-angle grain boundaries in the deformed region was about 30%, which was much higher than that in the other undeformed region. The size of the Fe-containing intermetallics in the deformed region decreased to 5–10 μm, which is favorable for the mechanical properties of the alloy.","PeriodicalId":501198,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Positional Effects of a Fly’s Wing Vein in the Asymmetric Distribution of Hydraulic Resistances 水阻力不对称分布中苍蝇翅脉的位置效应

Symmetry Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.3390/sym16091212

Kazuki Sugiyama, Yoshihiro Kubota, Osamu Mochizuki

{"title":"Positional Effects of a Fly’s Wing Vein in the Asymmetric Distribution of Hydraulic Resistances","authors":"Kazuki Sugiyama, Yoshihiro Kubota, Osamu Mochizuki","doi":"10.3390/sym16091212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16091212","url":null,"abstract":"Insect wing vein networks facilitate blood transport with unknown haemodynamic effects on their structures. Fruit flies have the posterior cross vein (PCV) that disrupts the symmetry of the network topology and reduces the total pressure loss during blood transport; however, the impact of its various positions among species has not been examined. This study investigated the haemodynamic effects of this vein with various connecting positions. By analogising venous networks to hydraulic circuits, the flow rates and pressure losses within the veins were derived using Poiseuille’s and Kirchhoff’s laws. The results showed that the total pressure loss decreased for both PCV connections near the wing’s base. In an idealised circuit imitating the network topology, applied high hydraulic resistances as one-sided as those along the edge of the wing, the same pressure loss response as that in the actual network was demonstrated, but not within a symmetric resistance distribution. Therefore, the most proximal PCV minimises the pressure loss within the asymmetric resistance distribution, indicating an evolutionary adaptation to reducing the pressure loss in certain species with this vein near the base. Our findings highlight the possible optimisation of the flies’ wing morphology to maintain the functions of the liquid transport networks and flight devices simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":501198,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Three Weaker Forms of Soft Faint Continuity 三种较弱的软弱连续性形式

Symmetry Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.3390/sym16091211

Samer Al-Ghour, Dina Abuzaid

引用次数: 0

Two-Step Simplified Modulus-Based Matrix Splitting Iteration Method for Linear Complementarity Problems 线性互补问题的基于简化模数的两步矩阵分割迭代法

Symmetry Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.3390/sym16091210

Ximing Fang

引用次数: 0

Charging and Discharging Modeling of Inertial Sensors Based on Ultraviolet Charge Management 基于紫外线电荷管理的惯性传感器充放电建模

Symmetry Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.3390/sym16091209

Zihan Zhao, Tao Yu, Shang Wang, Huadong Li, Zhi Wang

{"title":"Charging and Discharging Modeling of Inertial Sensors Based on Ultraviolet Charge Management","authors":"Zihan Zhao, Tao Yu, Shang Wang, Huadong Li, Zhi Wang","doi":"10.3390/sym16091209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16091209","url":null,"abstract":"Inertial sensors act as inertial references in space gravitational wave detection missions, necessitating that their internal test mass (TM) maintains minimal residual acceleration noise. High-energy particles and cosmic rays in space, along with ion pumps in ground-based torsion pendulum experiments, can cause charge accumulation on the TM surface, leading to increased residual acceleration noise. Consequently, a charge management system was introduced to control the TM’s charge. The complex light path propagation within the electrode housing (EH) makes the TM’s charging and discharging process difficult to theoretically calculate and fully simulate. To address this issue, we propose a simulation method for charging and discharging inertial sensors within ultraviolet (UV) charge management systems. This method innovatively considers the impact of photoelectron emission angle and the TM’s position offset from symmetry on performance. The method also simulates charging and discharging rates over time under conditions of symmetry and preliminarily examines factors affecting the TM’s equilibrium potential. Simulation results indicate that this method effectively models the charge management system’s operation, providing a valuable reference for system design.","PeriodicalId":501198,"journal":{"name":"Symmetry","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0