{"title":"PSYCHOSES","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.259","url":null,"abstract":"THE various intelligence tests in the main are closely similar and the varied personality tests on the whole tally although there are certain discrepancies. In some respects in the personality tests the twins differ distinctly, particularly when the quality of their reactions is taken into consideration. One appeared to be more extraverted and sociable, somewhat better adjusted, somewhat self-assertive and rather independent. The other was decidedly less extraverted, and according to two tests even somewhat introverted and less well adjusted. The differences of the personalities appeared to be differences of degree rather than of kind. Graphology does not claim that it can improve upon the diagnosis of intelligence based on the standardized tests; but it is felt that the analysis of the handwriting has supplemented the findings of the emotional tests. A younger brother seems less similar to either twin than the twins to each other; but as he grows older he may become more similar to his twin brothers than his tests at the age of 16 and his writing at the age of 15 would indicate. On the whole the case suggests-as in fact did the majority of other cases of identical twins reared apart-that there is a greater similarity in intelligence than in emotional reactions. C. S. R.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"11 1","pages":"259 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1935-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.259","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63912598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.255","url":null,"abstract":"OBSERVATIONAL and photographically recorded data showed that flexibilitas cerea, which was present in two stuporose dementia praecox patients, disappeared with the onset of sleep. The motility of these two which was very low during the waking state became much greater during sleep, approaching, though not reaching, the range to be expected from normal sleepers. Three others who exhibited the waxy state during waking hours showed similar relaxation during sleep. Eight non-cataleptic dementia proecox patients showed no marked change between the waking and sleep state in similar records of motility. Their sleeping motility was quite comparable to that of the healthy normal individual. The author's results indicate that studies of experimental catalepsy which attempt to explain the waxy state in dementia precox must provide a ' functional ' mechanism so that the quick reversibility at the onset or end of sleep is accounted for. On the basis of present knowledge, it seems safe to say that activity of either cortical or lower brain centres must be directly or indirectly responsible for the occurrence of flexibilitas cerea in stuporous catatonic dementia praecox patients. Future studies of experimental catalepsy in animals might well include a determination of the effect on the catalepsy of the stimulation of the sleep centres. If the elimination of the catalepsy by such stimulation occurred, it would be a criterion for the identification of experimentally produced catalepsy with that occurring in stuporous dementia preecox patients. C. S. R.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"16 1","pages":"255 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1935-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.255","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63912525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dinitrophenol in Dementia PræCox*","authors":"I. Finkelman, W. M. Stephens","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.230","url":null,"abstract":"OBSERVATIONS of the effect of dinitrophenol on patients with dementia praecox should prove of value in (1) determining the reaction of these patients to its therapeutic use, and (2) extending our knowledge of this new drug. Cutting, MIehrtens and Tainter,1 and Tainter, Stockton and Cutting,2 have reported their observations of the action of alphadinitrophenol. Therapeutic doses cause an increase in metabolism, and with it a loss of weight without fever. The indifference and lack of spontaneity in dementia praecox, we thought, offer a rational basis for the use of a drug which stimulates metabolism. Hoskins and Walsh,3 among others, have reported that the rate of oxygen consumption in schizophrenic patients is below normal. During the progress of our work Masserman and Goldsmith 4 reported their observations of the effects of dinitrophenol on ' eighteen patients whose psychobiologic status was characterized by sluggishness, passivity and apathy.' The mental changes in their patients had occurred within the previous year.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-15 1","pages":"230 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1935-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.230","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63912338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.267","url":null,"abstract":"FEW data are available relating to the subject though scattered studies have been made without any definite conclusions, and some of these are here briefly reviewed. The writers studied the proportion of cancer found among 2,627 autopsies. The cancer cases numbered 114, or 4-3 per cent. Practically all types of mental disorder were represented. The majority of the cases had been inmates for a considerable period of time. The difficulty of obtaining a satisfactory norm for the expected cancer incidence is great, and the danger of attempting to draw conclusions based on the use of proportionate mortality rates was duly appreciated. If the accuracy of available information is assumed, cancer is abnormally infrequent in the insane. This might be explained by environment, by heredity, or most likely by the relatively short life expectancy of the psychotic patient. We must at least consider the hypothesis that the soil best suited for the development of cancer differs from that in which insanity develops. C. S. R.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-15 1","pages":"267 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1935-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.267","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63912662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SENSORIMOTOR NEUROLOGY","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.251","url":null,"abstract":"bromide content in blood the inference is drawn that in following patients under bromide treatment it is the clinical features, and not the laboratory findings, that one should primarily reckon with in regard to the menace of bromide intoxication. However, when the blood bromide reaches a concentration neighbouring on 250 mig. per cent. the patient should be closely observed, for in most of those in whom abnormal findings could be elicited on clinical examination, the blood bromide was found to be near and above this level. The determination of the bromide permeability quotient cannot be used as a test of tolerance to bromide. The results obtained by these investigators do not corroborate the contention that substances introduced into the general circulation should first penetrate into the cerebrospinal fluid in order to affect the cerebrospinal nervous system. C. S. R.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-15 1","pages":"251 - 255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1935-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.251","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63912466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychopathology","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.257","url":null,"abstract":"VERY briefly the method of pyrifer administration and its reactions are given. In general paralysis with this form of treatment the results in 1933 were 15 cases, with six patients improved, or if the advanced cases were excluded, 10 cases with six improved. The total figures for malarial treatment during the same period were 13 cases with five improved. In schizophrenia 21 cases have finished the course of treatment; of these eight have shown some improvement. It seems that pyrifer might be regarded as a valuable therapeutic preparation which, if the results are permanent, will compare favourably with malaria, or at any rate will provide a useful alternative. It would appear that pyrifer has certain advantages compared with malarial treatment as it avoids the introduction into the patient's system of a serious infectious malady which taxes his strength to the utmost. The height of the temperature can be readily controlled, and this makes it possible for the treatment to be applied to old and feeble patients. It is borne very well and is comparatively free from danger. There is no pain following the injection, and a further advantage is that it can be combined with specific antisyphilitic treatment introduced during the fever therapy. The time of the pyrexia can be arranged-a point of no little importance. C. S. R.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-15 1","pages":"257 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1935-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.257","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63912540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reviews and Notices of Books","authors":"iReviews anb iRotlces","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.271","url":null,"abstract":"'THIS little book describes t-o new colloidal reactions for the cerebrospiiial fluid, the bi-colour benzoin and bi-colour mastic reactions. In these, an acid and a basic dye are added to the resinous suspension, acid fuchsin and light green to the benzoin and acid-fuchsin and naphthal B-green to the mastic. Shellac has been employed by Marchionini as an alternative to the gum mastic. The advantages claimed for these reactions are increased sensitivity and ease of reading. Other well known colloidal reactions, such as Kafka's paraffin reaction, the \" normo-mastic \" of Jakobsthal and Kafka, and the Sicard-Haguenau modification of the colloidal gold reaction are described and the result obtained by the various reactions discussed. The book is illustrated -ith several colour plates and contains numerous tables. It forms a usefuil addition to the literature of the cerebrospincal fluid.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-15 1","pages":"271 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1935-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.271","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63912707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Brain Fever","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.242","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-15 1","pages":"242 - 244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1935-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.242","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63912394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NEUROPATHOLOGY","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.247","url":null,"abstract":"pressure. Stimulations of pressure-pain complex are localized, in general, with a degree of accuracy slightly greater than that for either of the simple qualities of pain or pressure. The number of perfect localizations is slightly greater for pain and pressure-pain complex than for pressure, and largest errors of localizations tend to be greater in the cases of pressure and pain than in that of pressure-pain complex. With regard to theory, the suggestion is made that the greater degree of accuracy of localization in the case of pressure-pain complex may find its explanation in the fact that two kinds of impulses are here being integrated in the cortex, whereas in the case of pain or pressure the impulses which arise from stimulation are more homogeneous in character. Although a body of relatively homogeneous impulses pass over the nerve in stimulations of simple pain and simple pressure, it is still possible that there is greater variability in the volley of impulses for pain than for pressure to account for the greater accuracy of localization in stimulations of pain. C. S. R. NEUROPATHOLOGY","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-15 1","pages":"247 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1935-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63912453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PSYCHOPATHOLOGY","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.261","url":null,"abstract":"THIS is a study of electric body resistance of 10 catatonic dementia prsecox patients and four normal persons. No apparent relationship between the Richter type of resistance curves and sleep occurred in normal subjects. A drop in the resistance level of non-sudorific areas took place quite frequently with both groups and was probably related to the 'rest curve ' noted in the psychogalvanic studies. The catatonics showed a greater percentage of records in which variations of resistance of more than 20,000 ohms occurred. The number of irregularities in the curves was also slightly greater but less characteristic of the psychopaths than the amplitude of the fluctuations. It is tentatively suggested that a greater minute-to-minute instability or variability of autonomic function is indicated in the catatonics. It cannot be stated whether this variability is characteristic of the catatonic group or of psychotic patients in general, although the latter seems more probable. This variability probably should not be confused with psychogalvanic reactivity to an external stimulating situation. C. S. R.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-15 1","pages":"261 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1935-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.59.261","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63912637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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