Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology最新文献

{"title":"Neurology","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.68","url":null,"abstract":"MANY theories of inhibition are here collected and reviewed, but the majority have to be rejected at once in the light of present-day knowledge. From the examination of the data the 'humoral' theory is regarded as far above the others. This theory has previously been discussed in relation to the spinal reflexes but is discussed here in view of its wider implications. It is shown that this theory offers a satisfactory explanation of some difficulties in the concept of 'physiological levels' and gives a solution of the problem of 'back-control' between levels. The law of forward direction is found to follow at once from this theory, and various microscopical morphological appearances are shown to be just the type of mechanism required by it. Also Pavlov's 'irradiation' and 'concentration' are thus easily explained. Integration in behaviour is compared with the same process in growth, and it is suggested that the ultimate mechanisms are probably identical. Some of the factors known to be of importance in growth are considered, and it is shown that the 'humoral' theory provides the counterpart in behaviour. The clinical applications are discussed. C. S. R.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-15 1","pages":"68 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1934-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.68","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63912056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT","authors":"W. Potter","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.81","url":null,"abstract":"OF 60 cases of juvenile general paralysis 38 were treated with malaria or tryparsamide or both, 20 with common arsenicals and bismuth or mercury, and two with radiothermy and diathermy respectively. Of the 20 treated with common arsenicals, 17 continued to undergo a mental and physical deterioration and several of these died. In 27 of the 38 cases treated with malaria or tryparsamide the treatment was effective in so far as it prevented further deterioration; five of these gained a complete remission and nine a partial remission. In the great majority of instances a period of from two to five years had elapsed after the beginning of the treatment. In studying the factors that affect the prognosis in the 38 cases treated with malaria or tryparsamide the prognosis was found to be better in (a) patients who prior to the onset of the paresis were of normal mental level; (b) patients who were in or past adolescence when the symptoms developed; (c) those showing the expansive and confused reaction types; (d) those in whom the elapsed time between the onset of the disease and the treatment did not exceed two years. Sex, character of the onset and antiluetic treatment prior to onset did not appear to affect the prognosis favourably or unfavourably.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-15 1","pages":"81 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1934-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.81","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63912119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NEUROSES AND PSYCHONEUROSES","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.83-a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.83-a","url":null,"abstract":"STUDENTS taking introductory courses in psychology were experimentally investigated in order to throw light on the question-Do emotionally unstable individuals recall more dreams than their relatively stable associates ? It was concluded that something besides emotional instability was operative in determining the frequency of dreams. The evidence here set forth gives no foundation for the Freudian concept of dreams and must be looked upon as putting the analysts on the defensive when they begin talking about the relationship between dreams and emotional instability. On the contrary, no evidence appears here to question the assumption of H. J. Watt, who says the chief difference between the thinking of daily life and of dreams must surely lie in the initial source of each. In sleep we start usually, or after the slightest reflection from within or without the body, with favoured but unsatisfied or unrealized attitudes of mental action. These are the parts of our mind that have the most latent energy and are least asleep. C. S. R.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-15 1","pages":"83 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1934-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.83-a","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63912376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviews and Notices of Books","authors":"E. A. B.","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.93","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-15 1","pages":"93 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1934-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.93","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63912504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SENSORIMOTOR NEUROLOGY","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.71","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"10 1","pages":"71 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1934-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.71","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63912067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSYCHOPATHOLOGY","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.87","url":null,"abstract":"BACTERIOLOGICAL examination of the faccal flora of four catatonic dementia praecox patients was repeated monthly for four months. The hydrogen ion concentration, total bacterial count, predominant aerobes and anaerobes, all fell within the limits of variation with the normal. The incidence of B. acidophilus was less than normal, but the character of the flora was fermentative rather than putrefactive. No unusual microbe was isolated with sufficient consistency to indicate that the bacterial flora might be causally related to the mental disease process. C. S. R.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"35 1","pages":"87 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1934-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.87","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63912446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.90","url":null,"abstract":"the period of observation. The mean increase in the seventh hour after glycine was about 4 0 mgm./100 c.c., but the actual increase in a particular case appeared to depend entirely on d:uresis and the urea excreted. Blood-sugar decreased about 10-15 mgm. per 100 c.c. after glycine ingestion, but tended to approach the fasting level in the course of six to seven hours. The non-glucose-reducing substances were not significantly altered. The non-protein nitrogen fraction (non-urea and amino-N) of the blood was increased after glycine administration. Nitrogen elimination was much increased also and the excess urea-N excretion during six hours of the postglycine period amounted to 0-23 of the nitrogen given as glycine. The total nitrogen of the urine (less the aminoand urea-N fractions) was increased after glycine. and this was due either to increased elimination or to increased production in the tissues, or to both. Sulphate excretion was maintained at a higher level than was found for controls during the postabsorptive period. It appeared that the sulphate excretion provided a more reliable index of specific dynamic action than the nitrogen excretion during the period of observation in the experiments dealt with here. The examination of schizophrenics after glycine ingestion did not reveal any striking deviation as to their blood and urine chemistry from those in normal subjects. The character of the mean blood amino-N and urine amino-N curves suggested delay in the absorption of the ingested material as compared with normal. Blood nitrogen and urine nitrogen estimations were not significantly different in schizophrenics from the normals. Approximately the excess urea-N excretion after glycine amounted to 0,21 of the nitrogen ingested as glycine. Sulphate excretion on the whole was less for schizophrenics than for the normals, and this could be due to decreased specific dynamic action in these psychotics or to a diminished absorption rate of the ingested material. Blood urea values in schizophrenics and in normal controls after the giving of 15 gm. urea in 100 c.c. were suggestive of delayed absorption, since the rise in blood urea was slower in the former. Conclusions based on blood urea values after glycine without consideration of the urea excretion are not justifiable. The attempt to demonstrate variations in the specific dynamic action of foodstuffs or glycine by ingestion methods in psychotics is also unjustifiable, in view of the variations in the processes of absorption which have been demonstrated in both normal and psychotic subjects.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-15 1","pages":"90 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1934-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.90","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63912493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychopathology","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.83","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-15 1","pages":"83 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1934-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.83","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63912129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing Conceptions of Epilepsy","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.65","url":null,"abstract":"PRESENT-DAY research in respect of epilepsy is concerning itself principally with the experimental induction of fits, with discovery of the physicochemical changes accompanying them, and with their control by other methods than the purely medicinal. The result is that timeworn theories are undergoing revision, but less attention is being devoted to underlying questions as to the meaning of the term, the limitations of the disorder, and the inclusion or exclusion of certain types of clinical phenomena. The traditional view is based on the contention that a disease called epilepsy exists, its salient symptom being the occasional fit. This disease is alleged to be progressive, rather intractable, and prone to result in mental deterioration. Its cause being unknown, it is labelled' idiopathic,' in contrast with well-recognized morbid states often disclosed by similar fits, e.g. cerebral vascular disease, brain tumour, encephalitis, and so forth. But we may think it curious that the patently symptomatic nature of many types of fit has not yet sufficed to rouse suspicion as to the ' idiopathic ' variety-at least, not universally; the untenable character of the 'idiopathic' hypothesis has convinced some but not all observers. Those who do not like the term sometimes use the expression ' genuine' or ' essential ' to characterize the ' disease,' as though fits of a symptomatic kind were merely casual or in some unexplained way 'false.' The best present-day opinion is none the less veering round in the direction of affirming that all epilepsies are symptomatic, inclusive of that variety whose basis still eludes search, and that since some causes are known the cause of the latter will eventually be revealed in its turn. Instead of the term ' epilepsies ' it might be preferable to employ alternatives of more non-committal nature, e.g. 'paroxysmal disorders' or ' convulsive states '-a series of diverse conditions linked together by the occasional occurrence of ' fits,' but at the risk of perpetuating notions inherited from a less well-informed era the word will doubtless continue in vogue. For didactic purposes, too, it may be temporarily expedient to differentiate","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-15 1","pages":"65 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1934-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.65","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63912040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSYCHOSES","authors":"Zitha A. Rosen","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.84","url":null,"abstract":"conflicts, forbidden instinctual desires and troublesome neurotic symptoms, and in doing so is often strongly influenced by its environment. Mental balance acquired in the latency period through suppression of instinctual energies is upset by the surge of reinforced instinct at puberty. Outbreaks of psychosis or neurosis often occur at puberty and abnormal character development is usually recognized at this age. C. S. R.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-15 1","pages":"84 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1934-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-15.57.84","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63912434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}