medRxiv - Urology最新文献

{"title":"A qualitative and quantitative analysis of changes in prostate MRI T2WI signals with different abstinence durations","authors":"Wenjun Ma, Baoming Ren, Yanjun Gao, Weixian Bai","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.03.24306819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.03.24306819","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>PURPOSE</strong> To investigate the effect of abstinence duration on image quality of prostate with high-field magnetic resonance imaging(MRI);","PeriodicalId":501140,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Urology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140940225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a urine- based proteomics test to predict clinically significant prostate cancer: complementing MRI pathway","authors":"Maria Frantzi, Ana Cristina Morillo, Guillermo Lendinez, Ana Blanca-Pedregosa, Daniel Lopez Ruiz, Jose Parada, Isabel Heidegger, Zoran Culig, Emmanouil Mavrogeorgis, Antonio Lopez Beltran, Marina Mora-Ortiz, Julia Carrasco-Valiente, Harald Mischak, Rafael A Medina, Juan Pablo Campos Hernandez, Enrique Gómez Gómez","doi":"10.1101/2024.04.16.24305475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.16.24305475","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Purpose</strong> Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men. One major clinical need is to accurately predict clinically significant PCa (csPCa). A proteomics based 19-biomarker model (19-BM) was previously developed using Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry (CE-MS) and validated in 1000 patients at risk for PCa. Here, our objective was to validate 19-BM in a multicentre prospective cohort of 101 biopsy-naive patients using current diagnostic pathways.","PeriodicalId":501140,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Urology","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140627442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Cost, Label-Free Blue Light Cystoscopy through Digital Staining of White Light Cystoscopy Videos","authors":"Shuang Chang, Greyson A Wintergerst, Camella J Carlson, Haoli Yin, Kristen R Scarpato, Amy N Luckenbaugh, Sam Chang, Soheil Kolouri, Audrey K Bowden","doi":"10.1101/2024.03.21.24304656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.21.24304656","url":null,"abstract":"Bladder cancer is 10th most common malignancy and carries the highest treatment cost among all cancers. The high cost of bladder cancer treatment stems from its high recurrence rate, which necessitates frequent surveillance. White light cystoscopy (WLC), the standard of care surveillance tool to examine the bladder for lesions, has limited sensitivity for early-stage bladder cancer. Blue light cystoscopy (BLC) utilizes a fluorescent dye to induce contrast in cancerous regions, improving the sensitivity of detection by 43%. Nevertheless, the added cost and lengthy administration time of the dye limits the availability of BLC for surveillance. Here, we report the first demonstration of digital staining on clinical endoscopy videos collected with standard-of-care clinical equipment to convert WLC images to accurate BLC-like images. We introduce key pre-processing steps to circumvent color and brightness variations in clinical datasets needed for successful model performance; the results show excellent qualitative and quantitative agreement of the digitally stained WLC (dsWLC) images with ground truth BLC images as measured through staining accuracy analysis and color consistency assessment. In short, dsWLC can provide the fluorescent contrast needed to improve the detection sensitivity of bladder cancer, thereby increasing the accessibility of BLC contrast for bladder cancer surveillance use without the cost and time burden associated with the dye and specialized equipment.","PeriodicalId":501140,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Urology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140199115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NOVEL SOLUTION BASED ON DETECTION OF MIRS-410-3P AND 141-5P FOR DIAGNOSTIC OF PROSTATE CANCER EVOLUTION","authors":"Maria Fernanda Carbache, EVELIN RAQUEL NUNEZ, YOUNESS OUAHID, ENRIQUE SAINZ, JUAN JOSE MONTOYA, ANA MOLERA, AURA SOOUTO, DAVID VAZQUEZ, PABLO CASTAN, JOAQUIN CARBALLIDO","doi":"10.1101/2024.03.11.24303774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.11.24303774","url":null,"abstract":"To date, prostate cancer (PCa) is both the most common tumour diagnosed in males and the second most common\u0000cause of cancer-related mortality(1,) . Prevention programs and screening protocols have proven useful to detect\u0000the disease at population level, but they lack sensitivity and specificity in comparison to the molecular tests\u0000routinely available for screening of other types of cancer, leading to unnecessary biopsies and overtreatment in\u0000many cases. In this context, a new set of small RNA biomarkers are surfacing with promising results to predict\u0000tumour progression, risk reclassification and treatment response(2) such as miR-410-3p -3p and miR-141-5p.\u0000Former studies where these biomarkers were examined in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines by qRT-PCR\u0000have shown that high expression of miR-410-3p -3p correlates to both a) accurate diagnosis in certain groups\u0000where the PSA levels do not match results from biopsy, surgery and/or digital rectal examination and b) poor\u0000prognosis of prostate cancer patients(3) . Likewise, miR-141-5p shows a parallel behaviour suggesting a potential\u0000combo for fine molecular analysis of the ratios. In this sense, recent studies have demonstrated that miR-410-3p\u0000-3p exert oncogenic functions through downregulating PTEN, proving that miR-410-3p -3p inhibits prostate\u0000cancer progression via downregulating PTEN/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. Curiously enough, different\u0000behaviour has been reported for the biomarker in both, peripheral blood from patients and cancer-cell line(s)\u0000(34.5.6) models further pointing at the advantages of a dual gauging made possible by parallel semi-quantitation of\u0000miR-141-5p. In this sense, miR-141-5p has been clearly identified as to be upregulated in large cohorts (n over\u0000500) of prostate cancer patients confirming overexpression in multivariate analysis in tumour epithelium and\u0000tumour stroma. This overexpression taken into the context of a peripheral blood reduction of miR-410-3p appears\u0000to be associated with increased risk of biochemical cancer recurrence in an independent study over 500 patients\u0000(7)\u0000. Here we present the design, molecular set up and preclinical assessment of a novel system that uses the\u0000discarded volume from PSA blood tests to predict prostate cancer progression and biochemical cancer recurrence\u0000via detection of the biomarkers. The method described could potentially eliminate the need of invasive means\u0000such as biopsy, surgery and digital rectal examination.","PeriodicalId":501140,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Urology","volume":"369 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140129789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRAGMATIC PRostate cancer diAGnosis and MAnagement Triage In the Clinical care pathway.","authors":"Abishek Sharma, Teresa Campbell, Anthony Bates, Rincy John, Charlotte Adams, Aisling Brassill, Bryony Lennon, Philip Camilleri, Ami Sabharwal, Philip Charlton, Gerard Andrade, Mark Tuthill, Andrew Protheroe, Alastair D Lamb, Tom Leslie, Aaron Leiblich, Francisco Lopez, Clare Verrill, Fergus Gleeson, Ruth MacPherson, Freddie C Hamdy, Richard C Bell, Richard J Bryant","doi":"10.1101/2024.03.05.24303844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.05.24303844","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It is important to investigate, diagnose and commence treatment for locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer quickly to optimise treatment outcomes. Since the introduction of national 2-week wait and 31/62-day targets in the United Kingdom for investigation of suspected prostate cancer over 2 decades ago, the clinical pathway has become increasingly complex. This may lead to some patients with the most clinically significant disease having the rapidity of their diagnosis and commencement of treatment compromised by resource use in diagnosing less significant, or clinically insignificant, disease. Methods:\u0000We will conduct a retrospective review of timelines for diagnosis and commencement of treatment for all men referred to a tertiary unit for investigation of suspected prostate cancer on the 2-week wait pathway in a 3-month period in 2023. In parallel, we will introduce triaging of all new 2-week wait referrals in a prospective 3-month period, with a dedicated nurse navigator streamlining patients for the most rapid investigation and treatment, based on pre-specified risk criteria including PSA, pre-biopsy mpMRI findings including TNM staging, and histology results. We hypothesise that this bespoke triaging system, above and beyond the 2-week wait and 2022 Faster Diagnostic Pathway guidance issued by NHS England, will improve timings for investigation and commencement of treatment for the most clinically significant prostate cancer cases.\u0000Conclusions:\u0000The use of in-house criteria for triaging and stratification of the most clinically urgent and significant prostate cancer cases, identified by a nurse specialist navigator, may improve clinical outcomes for patients with greatest need for rapid prostate cancer imaging, diagnosis and treatment.","PeriodicalId":501140,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Urology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140070949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-performing Multi-task Model of Urinary Tract Dilation (UTD) Classification for Neonatal Ultrasound Reports Through Natural Language Processing","authors":"Yining Hua, Anudeep Mukkamala, Carlos Estrada, Michael Lingzhi Li, Hsin-Hsiao Wang","doi":"10.1101/2024.01.23.24301680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.23.24301680","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The urinary tract dilation (UTD) classification system provides objective assessment relevant to hydronephrosis management for children. However, the lack of uniform language regarding UTD in radiology reports leads to significant difficulty in both clinical management and research. We seek to develop a unified multi-task/multi-class model that can effectively extract UTD components and classifications from early postnatal ultrasound (US) reports.\u0000Methods: Radiology records from our institution were reviewed to identify infants aged 0-90 days undergoing early ultrasound for antenatal UTD. The report and images were reviewed by the study team to create the ground truth of UTD classification and components (primary outcome). Bio_ClinicalBERT, a variant of the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model, was used as the embedding layers of the classification model. The model was fine-tuned with 11 linear classification layers. All but the last BERT layer were frozen during the fine-tuning process. The model performance was evaluated with five-fold cross-validation with an 80:20 train-test ratio.\u0000Results: 2460 early (0-90 days) US reports were included. The five-fold cross-validated model performance is satisfactory (Weighted F1 &gt; 0.9 for all UTD components). We report the weighted F1 scores, accuracies, and standard deviations for all 11 tasks and their average performance. Conclusions: By applying deep state-of-the-art NLP neural networks, we developed a high-performing, efficient, and scalable solution to extract UTD components from unstructured ultrasound reports using one single multi-task model. This can potentially help standardize and facilitate large-scale computer vision research for pediatric hydronephrosis. Key Words: machine learning, efficiency, ambulatory care, forecasting","PeriodicalId":501140,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Urology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139554327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRI-Targeted Prostate Biopsy Introduces Grade Inflation and Overtreatment","authors":"Abderrahim Oussama Batouche, Eugen Czeizler, Timo-Pekka Lehto, Andrew Erickson, Tolou Shadbahr, Teemu Daniel Laajala, Joona Pohjonen, Andrew Vickers, Tuomas Mirtti, Antti Sakari Rannikko","doi":"10.1101/2024.01.10.24300922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.10.24300922","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000Purpose: The use of MRI-targeted biopsies has led to lower detection of Gleason Grade Group 1 (GG1) prostate cancer and increased detection of GG2 disease. Although this finding is generally attributed to improved sensitivity and specificity of MRI for aggressive cancers, it might also be explained by grade inflation. Our objective was to determine the likelihood of definitive treatment and risk of post-treatment recurrence for patients with GG2 cancer diagnosed using targeted biopsies relative to men with GG1 cancer diagnosed using systematic biopsies. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective study on a large tertiary center registry (HUS Acamedic Datalake) to retrieve data on prostate cancer diagnosis, treatment, and cancer recurrence. We included patients with either GG1 with systematic biopsies (3317 men) or GG2 with targeted biopsies (554 men) from 1993 to 2019. We assessed the risk of curative treatment and recurrence after treatment. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were computed to assess treatment- and recurrence-free survival. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to assess the risk of posttreatment recurrence. Results: Patients with systematic biopsy detected GG1 cancer had a significantly longer median time-to-treatment (31 months) than those with targeted biopsy detected GG2 cancer (4 months, p&lt;0.0001). Risk of recurrence after curative treatment was similar between groups with the upper bound of the 95% CI, excluding an important difference (HR: 0.94, 95% CI [0.71-1.25], p=0.7). Conclusions: GG2 cancers detected by MRI-targeted biopsy are treated more aggressively than GG1 cancers detected by systematic biopsy, despite having similar oncologic risk. To prevent further overtreatment related to the MRI pathway, treatment guidelines from the pre-MRI era need to be updated to consider changes in the diagnostic pathway.","PeriodicalId":501140,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Urology","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139422254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Spatial Comparison of Molecular Features Associated with Resistance to Pembrolizumab in BCG Unresponsive Bladder Cancer","authors":"Khyati Meghani, Noah Frydenlund, Yanni Yu, Bonnie Choy, Joshua J. Meeks","doi":"10.1101/2023.11.28.23299093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.28.23299093","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> Intravenous immune checkpoint inhibition achieves a 40% three-month response in BCG-unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with carcinoma in situ (CIS). Yet only half of early responders will continue to be disease free by 12 months, and resistance mechanisms are poorly defined.","PeriodicalId":501140,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Urology","volume":"126 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138510799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying patients with rapid progression from hormone-sensitive to castration-resistant prostate cancer: a retrospective study","authors":"Chenxi Pan, YI He, He Wang, Yang Yu, Lu Li, Lingling Huang, Mengge Lv, Weigang Ge, Bo Yang, Yaoting Sun, Tiannan Guo, Zhiyu Liu","doi":"10.1101/2022.10.23.22281406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.23.22281406","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most prevalent malignancy and the fifth cause of cancer-related deaths in men. A crucial challenge is identifying the population at risk of rapid progression from hormone-sensitive PCa (HSPC) to the lethal castration-resistant PCa (CRPC).\u0000Methods: We collected 78 HSPC biopsies and measured their proteomes using pressure cycling technology and a pulsed data-independent acquisition pipeline. The proteomics data and clinical metadata were used to generate models for classifying HSPC patients and predicting the development of each case.\u0000Results: We quantified 7,961 proteins using the HSPC biopsies. A total of 306 proteins were differentially expressed between patients with a long- or short-term progression to CRPC. Using a random forest model, we identified ten proteins that significantly discriminated long- from short-term cases, which were used to classify PCa patients with an 86% accuracy. Next, two clinical parameters (Gleason sum and total PSA) and five proteins (DPT, ARGEF1, UTP23, CMAS, and ANAPC4) were found to be significantly associated with rapid disease progression. A nomogram model using these seven features was generated for stratifying patients into groups with significant progression disparities.\u0000Conclusion: We identified proteins associated with a fast progression to CRPC and an unfavorable prognosis. Based on these proteins, our machine learning and nomogram models stratified HSPC into high- and low-risk groups and predict their prognoses. These tools may aid clinicians in predicting the progression of patients, guiding individualized clinical management and decisions.","PeriodicalId":501140,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Urology","volume":"106 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138510428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 on the management and outcomes of ureteric stones in the UK: a multicentre retrospective study","authors":"Matthew H V Byrne, Fanourios Georgiades, Alexander Light, Catherine E Lovegrove, Catherine Dominic, Josephine Rahman, Senthooran Kathiravelupillai, Tobias Klatte, Kasra Saeb-Parsy, Rajeev Kumar, Sarah Howles, Grant D Stewart, Ben Turney, Oliver Wiseman, the COVID Stones Collaborative","doi":"10.1101/2022.06.27.22276955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.27.22276955","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Objectives</strong> To determine if management of ureteric stones in the United Kingdom changed during the COVID-19 pandemic and whether this affected patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":501140,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Urology","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138537730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}