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Racial Disparities in Civilian Response to Police Use of Force: Evidence From London 平民对警察使用武力反应的种族差异：伦敦的证据
The British Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1093/bjc/azae037
Nils Braakmann
{"title":"Racial Disparities in Civilian Response to Police Use of Force: Evidence From London","authors":"Nils Braakmann","doi":"10.1093/bjc/azae037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azae037","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the impact of police use of force on civilian interactions with the police, focussing on neighbourhoods with different ethnic compositions across London. Analysing the effects of three notable police-induced civilian fatalities as well as monthly fluctuations in the Metropolitan Police Service’s use of force, I find a decrease in reported crime and the proportion of crime without a suspect in Black neighbourhoods. These patterns suggest avoidance of police engagement, especially for crimes less likely to be solved. Individual survey data suggests no changes in victimization probabilities for any ethnic group, suggesting that estimates are due to reporting behaviour.","PeriodicalId":501092,"journal":{"name":"The British Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Becoming an Ex-Extremist: Stopping the Hate and Embracing a New Identity 成为一名前极端分子：停止仇恨，拥抱新身份
The British Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1093/bjc/azae035
Matthew DeMichele, Pete Simi, Kathleen Blee
{"title":"Becoming an Ex-Extremist: Stopping the Hate and Embracing a New Identity","authors":"Matthew DeMichele, Pete Simi, Kathleen Blee","doi":"10.1093/bjc/azae035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azae035","url":null,"abstract":"Domestic radicalization to violent extremism has evolved into the most urgent terrorism threat facing the West. We contribute to research on extremism and role exit processes by demonstrating how identity transformations are linked to the pursuit and avoidance of possible future selves motivated by negative emotional states of shame, embarrassment and guilt. The data are drawn from in-depth life history interviews with 47 former members of US domestic violent extremist groups. The interviewees, who had detailed accounts of childhood maltreatment, abuse and neglect, were vulnerable and looking for belonging, acceptance and significance in their lives. The interviews revealed that the extremist role identity conflicted with other emerging aspects of their selves (e.g. parent, spouse) that created an interaction between negative emotional states (i.e. shame, guilt and embarrassment) and doubts about their group involvement. The internal conflicts and emotional awareness opened individuals to embrace non-extremist versions of themselves. These processes diverted their extremist trajectory by creating doubts, engaging in anticipatory socialization and avoiding a feared possible self.","PeriodicalId":501092,"journal":{"name":"The British Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Welfare Becomes Punishment: Penal Nationalism in Danish Social Policy 福利成为惩罚：丹麦社会政策中的刑罚民族主义
The British Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1093/bjc/azae029
Cecilie Bjerre, Lea Cecilie Brinkgaard
{"title":"Welfare Becomes Punishment: Penal Nationalism in Danish Social Policy","authors":"Cecilie Bjerre, Lea Cecilie Brinkgaard","doi":"10.1093/bjc/azae029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azae029","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this article, we demonstrate how ‘penal nationalism’ came to influence Danish social policy during the 2000s. While critical evaluations of the Nordic Exceptionalism thesis have underscored the significance of immigration in shaping both penal and border policies of the Nordic welfare states, our analysis delves into the core of the Danish welfare state by examining the implementation of the social policy tool, Parenting and Youth Orders. Through this case study, we show how penal instruments were integrated into social policy to regulate citizens with immigrant backgrounds residing in Denmark. These political innovations encompass the reinforcement and legitimization of (1) the explicit targeting of citizens with ethnic minority background and (2) the utilization of new penal instruments within the social realm.","PeriodicalId":501092,"journal":{"name":"The British Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141110910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
White Nationalism, Politically Motivated Reasoning and Americans’ Attitudes About Criminally Charging Donald Trump 白人民族主义、政治动机推理与美国人对刑事指控唐纳德-特朗普的态度
The British Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1093/bjc/azae025
Melissa M. Sloan, Murat Haner, Justin T. Pickett, Francis T. Cullen
{"title":"White Nationalism, Politically Motivated Reasoning and Americans’ Attitudes About Criminally Charging Donald Trump","authors":"Melissa M. Sloan, Murat Haner, Justin T. Pickett, Francis T. Cullen","doi":"10.1093/bjc/azae025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azae025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 On 19 December 2022, the United States House Select Committee referred former president Donald Trump to the Department of Justice for criminal prosecution. Subsequently, Mr. Trump was indicted four times and charged with 91 felonies. Nevertheless, some Americans have remained steadfast in supporting him. Observers theorize that indifference to Mr. Trump’s wrongdoing reflects white nationalism and politically motivated reasoning. We test this theory using experimental data from a national survey fielded before any public hearings or charges. Our analyses reveal that Americans who endorse white nationalism and those who hold right-wing political views are more likely to oppose criminal charges. Furthermore, the relationship between white nationalism and attitudes about criminally charging Mr. Trump is indirect, through identification with the political right.","PeriodicalId":501092,"journal":{"name":"The British Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141116966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘Violence is completely normal’: Managing Violence Through Narrative Normalization 暴力是完全正常的"：通过叙事正常化管理暴力
The British Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1093/bjc/azae030
Frøja Storm-Mathisen
{"title":"‘Violence is completely normal’: Managing Violence Through Narrative Normalization","authors":"Frøja Storm-Mathisen","doi":"10.1093/bjc/azae030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azae030","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces the concept ‘narrative normalization of violence’ as a theoretical framework for exploring the interplay between crime and marginality in street culture. Drawing from 4 months of ethnographic observations and 24 qualitative interviews with young men involved in a violent street culture in Oslo, Norway, the study identifies three prevalent narratives. The first, ‘Part of the game’, minimizes the danger of violence; the second, ‘It’s all about respect’, internalizes violence as part of a desired subcultural identity; and the third, ‘We come from concrete’, emphasizes the importance of belonging. In distinctive and important ways these narratives shape collective energies that influence beliefs, attitudes and aspirations, which work to narratively render the exceptional nature of violence manageable and mundane.","PeriodicalId":501092,"journal":{"name":"The British Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141063255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Killing Time: The Role of Boredom in Glasgow Gangs 消磨时间：无聊在格拉斯哥帮派中的作用
The British Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1093/bjc/azae024
Johanne Miller
{"title":"Killing Time: The Role of Boredom in Glasgow Gangs","authors":"Johanne Miller","doi":"10.1093/bjc/azae024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azae024","url":null,"abstract":"Boredom may be one of the largest maladies of the modern world. A phenomenon which has increasingly become embedded in our social structures. Yet, as a concept within criminology there is a dearth of knowledge concerning it, despite the influence it has on offending and offending behaviours. Through a constructivist grounded theory (CGT) methodology with gangs in Glasgow, insights are shared, exploring how and in what ways boredom affects gang members and the strategies employed to alleviate it. This paper applies Svendsen’s (2005) existential definition of boredom and explores the concepts of temporality, meaning-making and agency as occurring at the nexus of boredom and excitement-seeking behaviours for Glasgow gang members.","PeriodicalId":501092,"journal":{"name":"The British Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Emerging Victims in Contemporary Drugs Policing 当代禁毒警务中的新兴受害者
The British Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.1093/bjc/azae020
Hannah Marshall, Matthew Bacon, Jack Spicer
{"title":"Emerging Victims in Contemporary Drugs Policing","authors":"Hannah Marshall, Matthew Bacon, Jack Spicer","doi":"10.1093/bjc/azae020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azae020","url":null,"abstract":"Recent shifts in UK policy have seen certain populations, who were predominantly viewed as offenders due to their involvement in drug offences, increasingly recognized as victims of exploitation. Drawing on qualitative data from three studies, this article interrogates how this trend is playing out within contemporary drugs policing, focussing on officers’ responses to people affected by: drug addiction, child criminal exploitation and ‘cuckooing’. It examines the tensions that arise as these three categories of emergent drug victims conflict with officers’ normative expectations of victimhood, perceptions of their role as police and existing operational strategies. It also reveals officers’ attempts to (re)gain ontological security by policing the boundaries of victimhood and re-focussing on new categories of offender.","PeriodicalId":501092,"journal":{"name":"The British Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140582993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unmasked and Exposed: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Youth Custodial Estate. A Compelling Case for Ideological Change 揭开面纱，暴露身份：COVID-19 对青少年看守所的影响。意识形态变革的有力案例
The British Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1093/bjc/azae015
Hannah Smithson, Deborah Jump
{"title":"Unmasked and Exposed: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Youth Custodial Estate. A Compelling Case for Ideological Change","authors":"Hannah Smithson, Deborah Jump","doi":"10.1093/bjc/azae015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azae015","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on custodial institutions has been the subject of intense scrutiny. During the pandemic, many international jurisdictions failed to develop clear and child-focussed plans for the management of children in custody, instead relying on strategies developed for adult populations. Presenting the findings from the United Kingdom’s (England Wales) first empirical in-depth exploration of the impacts of COVID-19 on children at each stage of the Youth Justice System, this article discusses the devastating effect on incarcerated children. The pandemic exacerbated existing failures in the children’s secure estate, eradicated children’s rights and exposed children to increased vulnerabilities. We present an urgent need for a fundamental ideological reconsideration of the purpose of custody for children.","PeriodicalId":501092,"journal":{"name":"The British Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140165352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Victims, Perpetrators and Bystanders: Atrocity and Its Aftermath in the Films of Jasmila Žbanić 受害者、加害者和旁观者：亚斯米拉-日巴尼奇电影中的暴行及其后果
The British Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1093/bjc/azae014
Andy Aydın-Aitchison
{"title":"Victims, Perpetrators and Bystanders: Atrocity and Its Aftermath in the Films of Jasmila Žbanić","authors":"Andy Aydın-Aitchison","doi":"10.1093/bjc/azae014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azae014","url":null,"abstract":"The paper excavates ‘implicit criminologies’ concerning victims, perpetrators and bystanders from four films by Bosnian director Jasmila Žbanić: Grbavica (2006); On the path (2010); For those who can tell no tales (2013) and Quo Vadis, Aida? (2020). I argue that in criminological terms, Žbanić’s work is strongest, and has greatest transformative potential, as an example of cinematic victimology. This is produced through characters who simultaneously encapsulate particular (ethnicized) and universal elements in micro-level stories of the individual in a larger social, political and historical context. Focussing on this form of universalism, I question an ethical standard of inclusivity in atrocity cinema which calls for a single film or director to directly represent victims of all ethnic groups.","PeriodicalId":501092,"journal":{"name":"The British Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140105640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Child Criminal Exploitation and the Interactional Emergence of Victim Status 对儿童的犯罪剥削与受害者身份的交互出现
The British Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1093/bjc/azae008
Hannah Marshall
{"title":"Child Criminal Exploitation and the Interactional Emergence of Victim Status","authors":"Hannah Marshall","doi":"10.1093/bjc/azae008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azae008","url":null,"abstract":"This article draws on observations and interviews with youth justice practitioners and young people involved in county lines drug dealing to explore the processes by which young people are identified as victims of child criminal exploitation (CCE). The findings reveal that interpersonal interactions between practitioners and young people, specifically young people’s capacity to share information and accept intended acts of care, are vital in producing their status as CCE victims. Yet, a lack of appreciation for young people’s divergent experiences of these interactions can create barriers to their realization. The article concludes by exploring the implications of these processes for contemporary youth justice practice, and by questioning the utility of CCE victim identification as a response to children experiencing harm.","PeriodicalId":501092,"journal":{"name":"The British Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139951527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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