Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Abnormal interhemispheric functional cooperation in schizophrenia follows the neurotransmitter profiles.","authors":"Kongliang He, Qiang Hua, Qianqian Li, Yan Zhang, Xiaoqing Yao, Yinian Yang, Wenqiang Xu, Jinmei Sun, Lu Wang, Anzhen Wang, Gong-Jun Ji, Kai Wang","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230037","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.230037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interhemispheric cooperation is one of the most prominent functional architectures of the human brain. In patients with schizophrenia, interhemispheric cooperation deficits have been reported using increasingly powerful neurobehavioural and neuroimaging measures. However, these methods rely in part on the assumption of anatomic symmetry between hemispheres. In the present study, we explored interhemispheric cooperation deficits in schizophrenia using a newly developed index, connectivity between functionally homotopic voxels (CFH), which is unbiased by hemispheric asymmetry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with schizophrenia and age- and sexmatched healthy controls underwent multimodal MRI, and whole-brain CFH maps were constructed for comparison between groups. We examined the correlations of differing CFH values between the schizophrenia and control groups using various neurotransmitter receptor and transporter densities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 86 patients with schizophrenia and 86 matched controls in our analysis. Patients with schizophrenia showed significantly lower CFH values in the frontal lobes, left postcentral gyrus and right inferior temporal gyrus, and significantly greater CFH values in the right caudate nucleus than healthy controls. Moreover, the differing CFH values in patients with schizophrenia were significantly correlated with positive symptom score and illness duration. Functional connectivity within frontal lobes was significantly reduced at the voxel cluster level compared with healthy controls. Finally, the abnormal CFH map of patients with schizophrenia was spatially associated with the densities of the dopamine D₁ and D₂ receptors, fluorodopa, dopamine transporter, serotonin transporter and acetylcholine transporter.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Regional abnormalities in interhemispheric cooperation may contribute to the clinical symptoms of schizophrenia. These CFH abnormalities may be associated with dysfunction in neurotransmitter systems strongly implicated in schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 6","pages":"E452-E460"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10743641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138832737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered amygdalar emotion space in borderline personality disorder normalizes following dialectical behaviour therapy.","authors":"Seth M Levine, Katharina Merz, Daniel Keeser, Julia I Kunz, Barbara B Barton, Matthias A Reinhard, Andrea Jobst, Frank Padberg, Corinne Neukel, Sabine C Herpertz, Katja Bertsch, Richard Musil","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230085","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.230085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental health condition characterized by an inability to regulate emotions or accurately process the emotional states of others. Previous neuroimaging studies using classical univariate analyses have tied such emotion dysregulation to aberrant activity levels in the amygdala of patients with BPD. However, multivariate analyses have not yet been used to investigate how representational spaces of emotion information may be systematically altered in patients with BPD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with BPD performed an emotional face matching task while undergoing MRI before and after a 10-week inpatient program of dialectical behavioural therapy. Representational similarity analysis (RSA) was applied to activity patterns (evoked by angry, fearful, neutral and surprised faces) in the amygdala and temporo-occipital fusiform gyrus of patients with BPD and in the amygdala of healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We recruited 15 patients with BPD (8 females, 6 males, 1 transgender male) to participate in the study, and we obtained a neuroimaging data set for 25 healthy controls for a comparative analysis. The RSA of the amygdala revealed a negative bias in the underlying affective space (in that activity patterns evoked by angry, fearful and neutral faces were more similar to each other than to patterns evoked by surprised faces), which normalized after therapy. This bias-to-normalization effect was present neither in activity patterns of the temporo-occipital fusiform gyrus of patients nor in amygdalar activity patterns of healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Larger samples and additional questionnaires would help to better characterize the association between specific aspects of therapy and changes in the neural representational space.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest a more refined role for the amygdala in the pathological processing of perceived emotions and may provide new diagnostic and prognostic imaging-based markers of emotion dysregulation and personality disorders.<b>Clinical trial registration:</b> DRKS00019821, German Clinical Trials Register (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien).</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 6","pages":"E431-E438"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10635707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71488217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disrupted functional connectivity associated with cognitive impairment in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and comorbid GAD and depression: a follow-up fMRI study.","authors":"Yiding Han, Haohao Yan, Xiaoxiao Shan, Huabing Li, Feng Liu, Ping Li, Jingping Zhao, Wenbin Guo","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230091","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.230091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Impaired functional connectivity between the bilateral hemispheres may serve as the neural substrate for anxiety and depressive disorders, yet its role in comorbid generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and depression, as well as the effect of treatment on this connectivity, remains unclear. We sought to examine functional connectivity between homotopic regions of the 2 hemispheres (voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity [VMHC]) among people with GAD with and without comorbid depression at baseline and after a 4-week paroxetine treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Drug-naïve patients with GAD, with or without comorbid depression and healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging and clinical assessments at baseline and after treatment. We compared VMHC and seed-based functional connectivity across the 3 groups. We performed correlation analysis and support vector regression (SVR) to examine the intrinsic relationships between VMHC and symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both patient groups (<i>n</i> = 40 with GAD only, <i>n</i> = 58 with GAD and depression) showed decreased VMHC in the precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex and lingual gyrus compared with healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 54). Moreover, they showed decreased VMHC in different brain regions compared with healthy controls. However, we did not observe any significant differences between the 2 patient groups. Seeds from abnormal VMHC clusters in patient groups had decreased functional connectivity. Voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity in the precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex and lingual gyrus was negatively correlated with cognitive impairment among patients with GAD only and among all patients. The SVR analysis based on abnormal VMHC showed significant positive correlations (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) between predicted and actual treatment responses. However, we did not observe significant differences in VMHC or functional connectivity after treatment.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>A notable dropout rate and intergroup somatic symptom variations may have biased the results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with GAD with or without comorbid depression exhibited shared and distinct abnormal VMHC patterns, which might be linked to their cognitive deficits. These patterns have the potential to serve as prognostic biomarkers for GAD.<b>Clinical trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03894085.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 6","pages":"E439-E451"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10635709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71488218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of Theory of Mind psychotherapy on early-onset schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Siyu Liu, Hui Zhong, Yinfeng Qian, Huanhuan Cai, Yan-Bin Jia, Jiajia Zhu","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230049","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.230049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psychosocial interventions have emerged as an important component of a comprehensive therapeutic approach in early-onset schizophrenia, typically representing a more severe form of the disorder. Despite the feasibility and efficacy of Theory of Mind (ToM) psychotherapy for schizophrenia, relatively little is known regarding the neural mechanism underlying its effect on early-onset schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a randomized, active controlled trial in patients with early-onset schizophrenia, who were randomly allocated into either an intervention (ToM psychotherapy) or an active control (health education) group. Diffusion tensor imaging data were collected to construct brain structural networks, with both global and regional topological properties measured using graph theory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We enrolled 28 patients with early-onset schizophrenia in our study. After 5 weeks of treatment, both the intervention and active control groups showed significant improvement in psychotic symptoms, yet the improvement was greater in the intervention group. Importantly, in contrast with no brain structural network change after treatment in the active control group, the intervention group showed increased nodal centrality of the left insula that was associated with psychotic symptom improvement.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>We did not collect important information concerning the participants' cognitive abilities, particularly ToM performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest a potential neural mechanism by which ToM psychotherapy exerts a beneficial effect on early-onset schizophrenia via strengthening the coordination capacity of the insula in brain structural networks, which may provide a clinically translatable biomarker for monitoring or predicting responses to ToM psychotherapy.<b>Clinical trial registration:</b> NCT05577338; ClinicalTrials.gov.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 6","pages":"E421-E430"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10635708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71488219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond verbal fluency in the verbal fluency task: semantic clustering as a predictor of remission in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis.","authors":"Eugenie Choe, Minji Ha, Sunah Choi, Sunghyun Park, Moonyoung Jang, Minah Kim, Jun Soo Kwon","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230074","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.230074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There have been conflicting reports on whether conventional verbal fluency measures can predict the prognosis of individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. We aimed to investigate whether verbal fluency task measures that represent semantic processing more directly than conventional measures could be more reliable predictors of later remission in CHR individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited CHR individuals and healthy controls to participate in a baseline verbal fluency assessment. We identified semantic clusters within the verbal fluency task responses based on cosine similarity between consecutive words, calculated from the word embedding model. Binomial logistic regression was performed to test whether average semantic cluster size and number of words produced could be predictors of remission in CHR individuals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study sample included 96 CHR individuals and 178 healthy controls. According to clinical assessment at the last follow-up, 23 CHR individuals were classified as remitters and 73 as nonremitters, including 29 individuals who converted to psychosis. The CHR remitters showed larger average and maximum semantic cluster sizes than CHR nonremitters and healthy controls. Average semantic cluster size, but not the number of words, was a significant predictor of later remission in CHR individuals.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Our sample included only native Korean speakers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A verbal fluency task measure that more specifically represents semantic processing may be a better neurocognitive predictive marker for remission in CHR individuals than conventional verbal fluency measures. Our results provide an explanation for heterogeneous reports on whether verbal fluency can predict prognosis in CHR individuals and suggest that semantic processing is a putative cognitive predictor of their prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 6","pages":"E414-E420"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10620004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71428545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connectivity patterns of the core resting-state networks associated with apathy in late-life depression.","authors":"Jean-Charles Roy, Thomas Desmidt, Sébastien Dam, Iris Mirea-Grivel, Louise Weyl, Elise Bannier, Laurent Barantin, Dominique Drapier, Jean-Marie Batail, Renaud David, Julie Coloigner, Gabriel H Robert","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230008","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.230008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Apathy is associated with reduced antidepressant response and dementia in late-life depression (LLD). However, the functional cerebral basis of apathy is understudied in LLD. We investigated the functional connectivity of 5 resting-state networks (RSN) hypothesized to underlie apathy in LLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Resting-state functional MRI data were collected from individuals with LLD who did not have dementia as well as healthy older adults between October 2019 and April 2022. Apathy was evaluated using the diagnostic criteria for apathy (DCA), the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) and the Apathy Motivation Index (AMI). Subnetworks whose connectivity was significantly associated with each apathy measure were identified via the threshold-free network-based statistics. Regions that were consistently associated with apathy across the measures were reported as robust findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our sample included 39 individuals with LLD who did not have dementia and 26 healthy older adults. Compared with healthy controls, individuals with LLD had an altered intra-RSN and inter-RNS connectivity in the default mode, the cingulo-opercular and the frontoparietal networks. All 3 apathy measurements showed associations with modified intra-RSN connectivity in these networks, except for the DCA in the cingulo-opercular network. The AMI scores showed stronger associations with the cingulo-opercular and frontoparietal networks, whereas the AES had stronger associations with the default mode network and the goal-oriented behaviour network.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The study was limited by the small number of participants without apathy according to the DCA, which may have reduced the statistical power of between-group comparisons. Additionally, the reliance on specific apathy measures may have influenced the observed overlap in brain regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that apathy in LLD is consistently associated with changes in both intra-RSN and inter-RSN connectivity of brain regions implicated in goal-oriented behaviours. These results corroborate previous findings of altered functional RSN connectivity in severe LLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 6","pages":"E404-E413"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10620011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71428546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should perception of emotions be classified according to threat detection rather than emotional valence? An updated meta-analysis for a whole-brain atlas of emotional faces processing.","authors":"Steve Lukito, Lydia Fortea, Federica Groppi, Ksenia Zuzanna Wykret, Eleonora Tosi, Vincenzo Oliva, Stefano Damiani, Joaquim Radua, Paolo Fusar-Poli","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230065","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.230065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human navigation of social interactions relies on the processing of emotion on faces. This meta-analysis aimed to produce an updated brain atlas of emotional face processing from whole-brain studies based on a single emotional face-viewing paradigm (PROSPERO CRD42022251548).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic literature search of Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO from May 2008 to October 2021. We used seed-based d mapping with permutation of subject images to conduct a quantitative meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging contrasts between emotional (e.g., angry, happy) and neutral faces. We conducted agglomerative hierarchical clustering of meta-analytic map contrasts of emotional faces relative to neutral faces. We investigated lateralization of emotional face processing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 5549 studies identified, 55 data sets (1489 healthy participants) met our inclusion criteria. Relative to neutral faces, we found extensive activation clusters by fearful faces in the right inferior temporal gyrus, right fusiform area, left putamen and amygdala, right parahippocampalgyrus and cerebellum; we found smaller activation clusters by angry faces in the right cerebellum and right middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and by disgusted faces in the left MTG. Happy and sad faces did not reach statistical significance. Clustering analyses showed similar activation patterns of fearful and angry faces; activation patterns of happy and sad faces showed the least correlation with other emotional faces. Emotional face processing was predominantly left-lateralized in the amygdala and anterior insula, and right-lateralized in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Reliance on discretized effect sizes based on peak coordinate location instead of statistical brain maps, and the varying level of statistical threshold reporting from original studies, could lead to underdetection of smaller clusters of activation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Processing of emotional faces appeared to be oriented toward identifying threats on faces, from highest (i.e., angry or fearful faces) to lowest level (i.e., happy or sad faces), with a more complex lateralization pattern than previously theorized. Emotional faces may be processed in latent grouping but organized by threat content rather than emotional valence.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 5","pages":"E376-E389"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/48/64/48-5-E376.PMC10599659.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49684336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does serotonin matter in depression?","authors":"Paul R Albert,&nbsp;Pierre Blier","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230130","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.230130","url":null,"abstract":"Serotonin (5-HT) neurons constitute a tiny fraction of neurons in the brain (300 000 out of a billion neurons in human brain [0.03%]), yet they send projections to virtually all regions of the brain. 1 The 5-HT system has been the target of multiple therapeutic drugs, like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), approved to treat major depressive disorder by the US Food and Drug Administration since 1987 2 and with indications for several mental health conditions including anxiety, compulsions and eating disorders. 3 More recently, psychedelic drugs targeting 5-HT receptors have been receiving attention for their behavioural actions, which are powerful yet variable among individuals. 4 It is perhaps because of this breadth of actions that it has been difficult to define how 5-HT modulates specific brain regions to alter behaviour. The underlying complexity of the serotonin system can lead to contradictory findings, as argued by Moncrieff and colleagues. 5 Yet, as discussed in this editorial, through consideration of how the 5-HT system works and the limitations of methods used we can also understand why different groups may obtain different or even contradictory results. Moncrieff and colleagues 5 present a systematic umbrella review of studies reviewing different aspects of 5-HT related to depression. Unfortunately, the umbrella approach tends to muddy the waters. A good example is the inconsistent association of lower regional 5-HT 1A receptor levels with depression. 6–9 Without knowing the specifics of the probe (antagonist v. agonist 10 ), method (positron emission tomography [PET] v. postmortem), 7 use of a reference region compared with arterial input (e.g., in PET 9 ) and regions affected (e.g., presynaptic v. postsynaptic 5-HT 1A that have","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 5","pages":"E400-E403"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8b/5c/48-5-E400.PMC10599657.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49684335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of the methylomic signature of smoking during pregnancy with clinical traits in ADHD.","authors":"Boris Chaumette,&nbsp;Natalie Grizenko,&nbsp;Weam Fageera,&nbsp;Marie-Ève Fortier,&nbsp;Marina Ter-Stepanian,&nbsp;Aurelie Labbe,&nbsp;Ridha Joober","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230062","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.230062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent childhood disorder. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is a replicated environmental risk factor for this disorder. It is also a robust modifier of gene methylation during the prenatal developmental period. In this study, we sought to identify loci differentially methylated by maternal smoking during pregnancy and relate their methylation levels to various behavioural and physical outcomes relevant to ADHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We extracted DNA from blood samples from children diagnosed with ADHD and deeply phenotyped. Genome-wide DNA methylation was assessed using Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was self-declared and assessed retrospectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our sample included 231 children with ADHD. Statistically significant differences in DNA methylation between children exposed or not to maternal smoking during pregnancy were detected in 3457 CpGs. We kept 30 CpGs with at least 5% of methylation difference between the 2 groups for further analysis. Six genes were associated with varied phenotypes of clinical relevance to ADHD. The levels of DNA methylation in <i>RUNX1</i> were positively correlated with the CBCL scores, and DNA methylation in <i>MYO1G</i> correlated positively with the score at the Conners rating scale. Methylation level in a CpG located in <i>GFI1</i> correlated with birthweight, a risk factor for ADHD. Differentially methylated regions were also identified and confirmed the association of <i>RUNX1</i> methylation levels with the CBCL score.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The study has several limitations, including the retrospective recall with self-report of maternal smoking during pregnancy as well as the grouping of individuals of varying age and developmental stage and of both males and females. In addition, the correlation design prevents the building of causation models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides evidence for the association between the level of methylation at specific loci and quantitative dimensions highly relevant for ADHD as well as birth weight, a measure that has already been associated with increased risk for ADHD. Our results provide further support to public health educational initiatives to stop maternal smoking during pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 5","pages":"E390-E399"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2f/b5/48-5-E390.PMC10599658.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49684334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History of abuse is not predictive of eating disorders with binge-eating episodes (but posttraumatic stress disorder is).","authors":"Timothy D Brewerton","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230064-l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.230064-l","url":null,"abstract":"In the article by Cabelguen and col­ leagues1, it is not surprising that a hist­ ory of abuse was not associated with recovery at 1 year, although the pres­ ence of a DSM­IV anxiety disorder was negatively associated with recovery. There are several notable points in ref­ erence to this paper. Traumatic events are ubiquitous in the general population, as well as in study populations of people with eat­ ing disorders. It is the experience and subsequent effects of traumatic events, not the events alone, that constitute the true meaning of trauma (the 3 Es).2 The authors of the related research looked only at the binary variable of whether there was any disclosure of trauma or not, regardless of type, and did not look at the sum of the different types of traumas endorsed. This is de­ spite their citation of the paper by Guillame and colleagues,3 which em­ phasized the association between addi­ tive trauma dose and severity of eating disorder. This has also been found in many other studies, including a major meta­analysis.4 Although the authors reported a rate of sexual and physical abuse of 35 %, they did not inquire about other potential traumas that may not only result in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but have also been associated with eating disorders.5 Nationally rep­ resentative data in France — derived from the World Health Organization’s World Mental Health Survey — showed that the rate of overall trauma exposure was 73 %, which is in line with studies in other countries.6 It is also notable that the authors’ numbers may be underestimates, given the low rate of study participa­ tion. Of 981 patients in the Evaluation of Behavioural Addictions eating dis­ orders cohort, fewer than half were eli­ gible for the study, and more than half (n = 219) of these dropped out. For many reasons, it may be that trauma and perhaps PTSD history figured prominently in why these patients dropped out, given that patients with both eating disorders and PTSD have greater severity of eating disorder, state–trait anxiety and depression, and poorer quality­of­life symptoms.7 Low rates of disclosure of sexual assault in France have also been described.6 Another limitation is the use of DSM­ IV criteria for anxiety disorders, which include PTSD and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD; both now in separate DSM­5 categories). Unfortunately, the authors do not specify exact ly how many patients met criteria for PTSD and OCD. Using validated assessment instruments, PTSD is known to occur in substantial proportions of patients with eating disor­ ders treated in higher levels of care, al­ though it is not clear how many patients in this study received inpatient or resi­ dential care. In addition, diagnosis of PTSD with the Mini International Neuro­ psychiatric Interview is limited, given that it diagnoses only current PTSD, and if a criterion A trauma is undisclosed, then other cluster questions are skipped. Other investigators have reported that a history of childh","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 5","pages":"E367-E368"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/aa/e8/48-5-E367.PMC10521918.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41158131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}