Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Cerebellar network alterations in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.","authors":"Salla Parkkinen, Joaquim Radua, Derek S Andrews, Declan Murphy, Flavio Dell'Acqua, Valeria Parlatini","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230146","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.230146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that often persists into adulthood. Underlying alterations in brain connectivity have been identified but some relevant connections, such as the middle, superior, and inferior cerebellar peduncles (MCP, SCP, and ICP, respectively), have remained largely unexplored; thus, we sought to investigate whether the cerebellar peduncles contribute to ADHD pathophysiology among adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We applied diffusion-weighted spherical deconvolution tractography to dissect the cerebellar peduncles of male adults with ADHD (including those who did or did not respond to methylphenidate, based on at least 30% symptom improvement at 2 months) and controls. We investigated differences in tract metrics between controls and the whole ADHD sample and between controls and treatment-response groups using sensitivity analyses. Finally, we analyzed the association between the tract metrics and cliniconeuropsychological profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 60 participants with ADHD (including 42 treatment responders and 18 nonresponders) and 20 control participants. In the whole ADHD sample, MCP fractional anisotropy (FA; <i>t</i> ₇₈ = 3.24, <i>p</i> = 0.002) and hindrance modulated orientational anisotropy (HMOA; <i>t</i> ₇₈ = 3.01, <i>p</i> = 0.004) were reduced, and radial diffusivity (RD) in the right ICP was increased (<i>t</i> ₇₈ = -2.84, <i>p</i> = 0.006), compared with controls. Although case-control differences in MCP FA and HMOA, which reflect white-matter microstructural organization, were driven by both treatment response groups, only responders significantly differed from controls in right ICP RD, which relates to myelination (<i>t</i> ₆₀ = 3.14, <i>p</i> = 0.003). Hindrance modulated orientational anisotropy of the MCP was significantly positively associated with hyperactivity measures.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>This study included only male adults with ADHD. Further research needs to investigate potential sex- and development-related differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results support the role of the cerebellar networks, especially of the MCP, in adult ADHD pathophysiology and should encourage further investigation.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>NCT03709940.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"49 4","pages":"E233-E241"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11230668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The <i>Cannabis Act</i>: implications for human participant research with cannabis.","authors":"Patricia Di Ciano, Christine Wickens, Elvin M Paul, Raesham Mahmood, Jean-François Crépault, Sergio Rueda, Isabelle Boileau","doi":"10.1503/jpn.240049","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.240049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"49 3","pages":"E212-E217"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11192575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotions related to threatening events are mainly linked to the right hemisphere.","authors":"Guido Gainotti","doi":"10.1503/jpn.240002","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.240002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A recent meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging contrasts between emotional and neutral face processing has shown that the processing of facial emotions can be better classified according to threat detection than emotional valence, with the authors suggesting that their data are inconsistent with both the right-hemisphere and valence models of emotional laterality. I report empirical and theoretical data indicating that facial expressions are better classified according to threat detection than to the distinction between positive and negative emotions. I challenge, however, the claim that laterality effects provide little support to the right-hemisphere model of emotional laterality. This claim contrasts with neuropsychological and psychophysiological investigations that have shown that the right hemisphere has a graded prevalence for emotions provoked by threatening events. A reanalysis of data obtained in the target study suggests that the reported data are not necessarily inconsistent with a model assuming a graded, right-hemisphere dominance for emotions. I present a model of hemispheric asymmetries that could be consistent with the assumption that the right hemisphere's dominance for emotions may mainly be concerned with threatening events.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"49 3","pages":"E208-E211"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11149614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141181213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus and fear empathy among male mice.","authors":"Lu Zhang, Hai-Chao Chen, Bing Li, Jia-Xin Cao, Xiao-Mei Su, Yi-Ting Kang, Li-Ping Gao, Yu-Hong Jing","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230125","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.230125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent studies have identified empathy deficit as a core impairment and diagnostic criterion for people with autism spectrum disorders; however, the improvement of empathy focuses primarily on behavioural interventions without the target regulation. We sought to compare brain regions associated with empathy-like behaviours of fear and pain, and to explore the role of the oxytocin-oxytocin receptor system in fear empathy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used C57BL mice to establish 2 models of fear empathy and pain empathy. We employed immunofluorescence histochemical techniques to observe the expression of c-Fos throughout the entire brain and subsequently quantified the number of c-Fos-positive cells in different brain regions. Furthermore, we employed chemogenetic technology to selectively manipulate these neurons in Oxt-Cre^-/+ mice to identify the role of oxytocin in this process.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The regions activated by fear empathy were the anterior cingulate cortex, basolateral amygdala, nucleus accumbens, paraventricular nucleus (PVN), lateral habenula, and ventral and dorsal hippocampus. The regions activated by pain empathy were the anterior cingulate cortex, basolateral amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and lateral habenula. We found that increasing the activity of oxytocin neurons in the PVN region enhanced the response to fear empathy. This enhancement may be mediated through oxytocin receptors.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>This study included only male animals, which restricts the broader interpretation of the findings. Further investigations on circuit function need to be conducted.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The brain regions implicated in the regulation of fear and pain empathy exhibit distinctions; the activity of PVN neurons was positively correlated with empathic behaviour in mice. These findings highlight the role of the PVN oxytocin pathway in regulating fear empathy and suggest the importance of oxytocin signalling in mediating empathetic responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"49 3","pages":"E192-E207"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11149616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141181222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Widespread reductions in cortical thickness following ketamine abuse.","authors":"Jinsong Tang, Qiuxia Wu, Chang Qi, An Xie, Jianbin Liu, Yunkai Sun, Tifei Yuan, Wei Chen, Tieqiao Liu, Wei Hao, Xu Shao, Yanhui Liao","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230111","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.230111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Esketamine is a version of ketamine that has been approved for treatment-resistant depression, but our previous studies showed a link between non-medical use of ketamine and brain structural and functional alterations, including dorsal prefrontal grey matter reduction among chronic ketamine users. In this study, we sought to determine cortical thickness abnormalities following long-term, non-medical use of ketamine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We acquired structural brain images for patients with ketamine use disorder and drug-free healthy controls. We used FreeSurfer software to measure cortical thickness for 68 brain regions. We compared cortical thickness between the 2 groups using analysis of covariance with covariates of age, gender, educational level, smoking, drinking, and whole-brain mean cortical thickness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included images from 95 patients with ketamine use disorder and 169 controls. Compared with healthy controls, patients with ketamine use disorder had widespread decreased cortical thickness, with the most extensive reductions in the frontal (including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and parietal (including the precuneus) lobes. Increased cortical thickness was not observed among ketamine users relative to comparison participants. Estimated total lifetime ketamine consumption was correlated with reductions in the right inferior parietal and the right rostral middle frontal cortical thickness.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study, but longitudinal studies are needed to further validate decreased cortical thickness after nonmedical use of ketamine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provided evidence that, compared with healthy controls, chronic ketamine users have widespread reductions in cortical thickness. Our study underscores the importance of the long-term effects of ketamine on brain structure and serves as a reference for the antidepressant use of ketamine.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"49 3","pages":"E182-E191"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11149615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141181233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on individual variability of resting-state functional connectivity in major depressive disorder.","authors":"Vinh Tan, Jonathan Downar, Sean Nestor, Fidel Vila-Rodriguez, Zafiris J Daskalakis, Daniel M Blumberger, Colin Hawco","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230135","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.230135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), but substantial heterogeneity in outcomes remains. We examined a potential mechanism of action of rTMS to normalize individual variability in resting-state functional connectivity (rs-fc) before and after a course of treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Variability in rs-fc was examined in healthy controls (baseline) and individuals with MDD (baseline and after 4-6 weeks of rTMS). Seed-based connectivity was calculated to 4 regions associated with MDD: left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), right subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), bilateral insula, and bilateral precuneus. Individual variability was quantified for each region by calculating the mean correlational distance of connectivity maps relative to the healthy controls; a higher variability score indicated a more atypical/idiosyncratic connectivity pattern.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included data from 66 healthy controls and 252 individuals with MDD in our analyses. Patients with MDD did not show significant differences in baseline variability of rs-fc compared with controls. Treatment with rTMS increased rs-fc variability from the right sgACC and precuneus, but the increased variability was not associated with clinical outcomes. Interestingly, higher baseline variability of the right sgACC was significantly associated with less clinical improvement (<i>p</i> = 0.037, uncorrected; did not survive false discovery rate correction).<b>Limitations:</b> The linear model was constructed separately for each region of interest.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This was, to our knowledge, the first study to examine individual variability of rs-fc related to rTMS in individuals with MDD. In contrast to our hypotheses, we found that rTMS increased the individual variability of rs-fc. Our results suggest that individual variability of the right sgACC and bilateral precuneus connectivity may be a potential mechanism of rTMS.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"49 3","pages":"E172-E181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11090631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140905229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disproportionate neuroanatomical effects of <i>DCC</i> haploinsufficiency in adolescence compared with adulthood: links to dopamine, connectivity, covariance, and gene expression brain maps in mice.","authors":"Daniel Hoops, Yohan Yee, Christopher Hammill, Sammi Wong, Colleen Manitt, Barry J Bedell, Lindsay Cahill, Jason P Lerch, Cecilia Flores, John G Sled","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.230106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Critical adolescent neural refinement is controlled by the DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer) protein, a receptor for the netrin-1 guidance cue. We sought to describe the effects of reduced <i>DCC</i> on neuroanatomy in the adolescent and adult mouse brain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined neuronal connectivity, structural covariance, and molecular processes in a <i>DCC</i>-haploinsufficient mouse model, compared with wild-type mice, using new, custom analytical tools designed to leverage publicly available databases from the Allen Institute.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 11 <i>DCC</i>-haploinsufficient mice and 16 wild-type littermates. Neuroanatomical effects of <i>DCC</i> haploinsufficiency were more severe in adolescence than adulthood and were largely restricted to the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system. The latter finding was consistent whether we identified the regions of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system a priori or used connectivity data from the Allen Brain Atlas to determine de novo where these dopamine axons terminated. Covariance analyses found that <i>DCC</i> haploinsufficiency disrupted the coordinated development of the brain regions that make up the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system. Gene expression maps pointed to molecular processes involving the expression of <i>DCC</i>, <i>UNC5C</i> (encoding DCC's co-receptor), and <i>NTN1</i> (encoding its ligand, netrin-1) as underlying our structural findings.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Our study involved a single sex (males) at only 2 ages.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The neuroanatomical phenotype of <i>DCC</i> haploinsufficiency described in mice parallels that observed in <i>DCC</i>-haploinsufficient humans. It is critical to understand the <i>DCC-</i>haploinsufficient mouse as a clinically relevant model system.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"49 3","pages":"E157-E171"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11068426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140871074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered effective connectivity among face-processing systems in major depressive disorder.","authors":"Fangrui Sheng, Yun Wang, Ruinan Li, Xiaoya Li, Xiongying Chen, Zhifang Zhang, Rui Liu, Ling Zhang, Yuan Zhou, Gang Wang","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.230123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neuroimaging studies have revealed abnormal functional interaction during the processing of emotional faces in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), thereby enhancing our comprehension of the pathophysiology of MDD. However, it is unclear whether there is abnormal directional interaction among face-processing systems in patients with MDD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A group of patients with MDD and a healthy control group underwent a face-matching task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Dynamic causal modelling (DCM) analysis was used to investigate effective connectivity between 7 regions in the face-processing systems. We used a Parametric Empirical Bayes model to compare effective connectivity between patients with MDD and controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 48 patients and 44 healthy controls in our analyses. Both groups showed higher accuracy and faster reaction time in the shape-matching condition than in the face-matching condition. However, no significant behavioural or brain activation differences were found between the groups. Using DCM, we found that, compared with controls, patients with MDD showed decreased self-connection in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), amygdala, and fusiform face area (FFA) across task conditions; increased intrinsic connectivity from the right amygdala to the bilateral DLPFC, right FFA, and left amygdala, suggesting an increased intrinsic connectivity centred in the amygdala in the right side of the face-processing systems; both increased and decreased positive intrinsic connectivity in the left side of the face-processing systems; and comparable task modulation effect on connectivity.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Our study did not include longitudinal neuroimaging data, and there was limited region of interest selection in the DCM analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings provide evidence for a complex pattern of alterations in the face-processing systems in patients with MDD, potentially involving the right amygdala to a greater extent. The results confirm some previous findings and highlight the crucial role of the regions on both sides of face-processing systems in the pathophysiology of MDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"49 3","pages":"E145-E156"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11068425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140869346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroimaging alterations and relapse in early-stage psychosis.","authors":"Marina Mihaljevic, Anisha Nagpal, Semra Etyemez, Zui Narita, Anna Ross, Rebecca Schaub, Nicola G Cascella, Jennifer M Coughlin, Gerald Nestadt, Frederik C Nucifora, Thomas W Sedlak, Vince D Calhoun, Andreia V Faria, Kun Yang, Akira Sawa","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.230115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent reports have indicated that symptom exacerbation after a period of improvement, referred to as relapse, in early-stage psychosis could result in brain changes and poor disease outcomes. We hypothesized that substantial neuroimaging alterations may exist among patients who experience relapse in early-stage psychosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We studied patients with psychosis within 2 years after the first psychotic event and healthy controls. We divided patients into 2 groups, namely those who did not experience relapse between disease onset and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan (no-relapse group) and those who did experience relapse between these 2 timings (relapse group). We analyzed 3003 functional connectivity estimates between 78 regions of interest (ROIs) derived from resting-state functional MRI data by adjusting for demographic and clinical confounding factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We studied 85 patients, incuding 54 in the relapse group and 31 in the no-relapse group, along with 94 healthy controls. We observed significant differences in 47 functional connectivity estimates between the relapse and control groups after multiple comparison corrections, whereas no differences were found between the no-relapse and control groups. Most of these pathological signatures (64%) involved the thalamus. The Jonckheere-Terpstra test indicated that all 47 functional connectivity changes had a significant cross-group progression from controls to patients in the no-relapse group to patients in the relapse group.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Longitudinal studies are needed to further validate the involvement and pathological importance of the thalamus in relapse.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We observed pathological differences in neuronal connectivity associated with relapse in early-stage psychosis, which are more specifically associated with the thalamus. Our study implies the importance of considering neurobiological mechanisms associated with relapse in the trajectory of psychotic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"49 2","pages":"E135-E142"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10980532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140870837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder through induced pluripotent stem cell models.","authors":"Andrea Perrottelli, Francesco Flavio Marzocchi, Edoardo Caporusso, Giulia Maria Giordano, Luigi Giuliani, Antonio Melillo, Pasquale Pezzella, Paola Bucci, Armida Mucci, Silvana Galderisi","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230112","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.230112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder involves a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors that begins in the early stages of neurodevelopment. Recent advancements in the field of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer a promising tool for understanding the neurobiological alterations involved in these disorders and, potentially, for developing new treatment options. In this review, we summarize the results of iPSC-based research on schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, showing disturbances in neurodevelopmental processes, imbalance in glutamatergic-GABAergic transmission and neuromorphological alterations. The limitations of the reviewed literature are also highlighted, particularly the methodological heterogeneity of the studies, the limited number of studies developing iPSC models of both diseases simultaneously, and the lack of in-depth clinical characterization of the included samples. Further studies are needed to advance knowledge on the common and disease-specific pathophysiological features of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and to promote the development of new treatment options.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"49 2","pages":"E109-E125"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10950363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140137419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}