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Can evidence drive health equity in the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond? 证据能否推动 COVID-19 大流行及其后的健康公平？
IF 2.3 3区 医学
Journal of Public Health Policy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.1057/s41271-023-00452-3
Katy Bell, Sam White, Abbey Diaz, Priya Bahria, Fiona Sima, Wael K Al-Delaimy, Susan dosReis, Omar Hassan, Dorothy Drabarek, Monjura Nisha, Kesha Baptiste-Roberts, Katy Gwiazdon, Camille Raynes-Greenow, Robin Taylor Wilson, James A Gaudino, Rafael da Silveira Moreira, Bruce Jennings, Pauline Gulliver
{"title":"Can evidence drive health equity in the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond?","authors":"Katy Bell, Sam White, Abbey Diaz, Priya Bahria, Fiona Sima, Wael K Al-Delaimy, Susan dosReis, Omar Hassan, Dorothy Drabarek, Monjura Nisha, Kesha Baptiste-Roberts, Katy Gwiazdon, Camille Raynes-Greenow, Robin Taylor Wilson, James A Gaudino, Rafael da Silveira Moreira, Bruce Jennings, Pauline Gulliver","doi":"10.1057/s41271-023-00452-3","DOIUrl":"10.1057/s41271-023-00452-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using scoping review methods, we systematically searched multiple online databases for publications in the first year of the pandemic that proposed pragmatic population or health system-level solutions to health inequities. We found 77 publications with proposed solutions to pandemic-related health inequities. Most were commentaries, letters, or editorials from the USA, offering untested solutions, and no robust evidence on effectiveness. Some of the proposed solutions could unintentionally exacerbate health inequities. We call on health policymakers to co-create, co-design, and co-produce equity-focussed, evidence-based interventions with communities, focussing on those most at risk to protect the population as a whole. Epidemiologists collaborating with people from other relevant disciplines may provide methodological expertise for these processes. As epidemiologists, we must interrogate our own methods to avoid propagating any unscientific biases we may hold. Epidemiology must be used to address, and never exacerbate, health inequities-in the pandemic and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":50070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Policy","volume":" ","pages":"137-151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10920204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139433155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Segmentation and fragmentation of health systems and the quest for universal health coverage: conceptual clarifications from the Mexican case. 卫生系统的分割和分散以及对全民医保的追求：墨西哥案例的概念澄清。
IF 2.3 3区 医学
Journal of Public Health Policy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1057/s41271-024-00470-9
Víctor Becerril-Montekio, Sergio Meneses-Navarro, Blanca Estela Pelcastre-Villafuerte, Edson Serván-Mori
{"title":"Segmentation and fragmentation of health systems and the quest for universal health coverage: conceptual clarifications from the Mexican case.","authors":"Víctor Becerril-Montekio, Sergio Meneses-Navarro, Blanca Estela Pelcastre-Villafuerte, Edson Serván-Mori","doi":"10.1057/s41271-024-00470-9","DOIUrl":"10.1057/s41271-024-00470-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health systems are complex entities. The Mexican health system includes the private and public sectors, and subsystems that target different populations based on corporatist criteria. Lack of unity and its consequences can be better understood using two concepts, segmentation and fragmentation. These reveal mechanisms and strategies that impede progress toward universality and equity in Mexico and other low- and middle-income countries. Segmentation refers to separation of the population by position in the labour market. Fragmentation refers to institutions, and to financial aspects, health care levels, states' systems of care, and organizational models. These elements explain inequitable allocation of resources and packages of health services offered by each institution to its population. Overcoming segmentation will require a shift from employment to citizenship as the basis for eligibility for public health care. Shortcomings of fragmentation can be avoided by establishing a common package of guaranteed benefits. Mexico illustrates how these two concepts characterize a common reality in low- and middle-income countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":50070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Policy","volume":" ","pages":"164-174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139703857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluating the impact of the Medicaid expansion program on diabetes hospitalization. 评估医疗补助扩展计划对糖尿病住院治疗的影响。
IF 2.3 3区 医学
Journal of Public Health Policy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1057/s41271-023-00463-0
Fan Zhao, Roch A Nianogo
{"title":"Evaluating the impact of the Medicaid expansion program on diabetes hospitalization.","authors":"Fan Zhao, Roch A Nianogo","doi":"10.1057/s41271-023-00463-0","DOIUrl":"10.1057/s41271-023-00463-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes is the most expensive chronic disease in the United States, and hospital inpatient care accounts for 30% of the total medical expenditures. Medical costs for people with limited resources are covered by Medicaid, a joint federal and state program, and its expansion that extent the coverage to those with incomes up to 138% of the federal poverty level. We investigated the impact of Medicaid expansion on diabetes hospitalizations by states and payer, among adults aged 19 to 64 years old, 5 years after the expansion. We found that Medicaid expansion decreased total diabetes hospitalization in most states and a diabetes hospitalization payer mix shifted from private insurance and uninsured to Medicaid. The percentage of diabetes hospitalizations paid by Medicaid increased by 11% (95% CI 7%, 16%), while the percentage paid by private insurance decreased by 6% (95% CI - 8%, - 3%) and the percentage of uninsured diabetes hospitalization decreased by 13% (95% CI - 18%, - 9%).</p>","PeriodicalId":50070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Policy","volume":" ","pages":"86-99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139492477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Standing up for the people's health: the rainbow approach to fighting for health justice. 为人民的健康挺身而出：争取健康正义的彩虹方法。
IF 2.3 3区 医学
Journal of Public Health Policy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1057/s41271-023-00462-1
Nancy Krieger
{"title":"Standing up for the people's health: the rainbow approach to fighting for health justice.","authors":"Nancy Krieger","doi":"10.1057/s41271-023-00462-1","DOIUrl":"10.1057/s41271-023-00462-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Policy","volume":" ","pages":"175-178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139708326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why does the COVAX facility fail to bridge the 'immunization gap'? 为什么 COVAX 设施无法弥合 "免疫差距"？
IF 2.3 3区 医学
Journal of Public Health Policy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1057/s41271-023-00467-w
Qi Shao
{"title":"Why does the COVAX facility fail to bridge the 'immunization gap'?","authors":"Qi Shao","doi":"10.1057/s41271-023-00467-w","DOIUrl":"10.1057/s41271-023-00467-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In April 2020, the World Health Organization launched a COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) Facility, a groundbreaking public health policy, to work \"for global equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines\". Although innovative, it fails to bridge the 'immunization gap' between high-income and low-income countries. The main reasons for this include: (1) failure to provide adequate incentives for self-financing countries to participate; (2) failure to design the vaccine allocation mechanism to reflect to national political considerations along with the perspective of medical ethics; (3) lack independent financing and power to enforce the policies globally. Constraints have limited the effectiveness of COVAX to date but transforming it into an information center to provide information on vaccine supply and demand, disseminate vaccine knowledge, and publish requests for help can accelerate progress.</p>","PeriodicalId":50070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Policy","volume":" ","pages":"126-136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139502717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tipping points, still-points, and missing points in the public health agenda for climate change, food safety and food security. 气候变化、食品安全和粮食安全公共卫生议程中的临界点、静止点和缺失点。
IF 2.3 3区 医学
Journal of Public Health Policy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-26 DOI: 10.1057/s41271-023-00460-3
Elena N Naumova
{"title":"Tipping points, still-points, and missing points in the public health agenda for climate change, food safety and food security.","authors":"Elena N Naumova","doi":"10.1057/s41271-023-00460-3","DOIUrl":"10.1057/s41271-023-00460-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Policy","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139566451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Implementation and impact of integrated health and social care services: an umbrella review. 综合医疗和社会护理服务的实施和影响：总体审查。
IF 2.3 3区 医学
Journal of Public Health Policy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1057/s41271-023-00465-y
Ricardo Correia de Matos, Generosa do Nascimento, Adalberto Campos Fernandes, Cristiano Matos
{"title":"Implementation and impact of integrated health and social care services: an umbrella review.","authors":"Ricardo Correia de Matos, Generosa do Nascimento, Adalberto Campos Fernandes, Cristiano Matos","doi":"10.1057/s41271-023-00465-y","DOIUrl":"10.1057/s41271-023-00465-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Governments in many European countries have been working towards integrating health and social care services to eliminate the fragmentation that leads to poor care coordination for patients. We conducted a systematic review to identify and synthesize knowledge about the integration of health and social care services in Europe. We identified 490 records, in 14 systematic reviews that reported on 1148 primary studies and assessed outcomes of integration of health care and social care. We categorized records according to three purposes: health outcomes, service quality and integration procedures outcomes. Health outcomes include improved clinical outcomes, enhanced quality of life, and positive effects on quality of care. Service quality improvements encompass better access to services, reduced waiting times, and increased patient satisfaction. Integration procedure outcomes involve cost reduction, enhanced collaboration, and improved staff perceptions; however, some findings rely on limited evidence. This umbrella review provides a quality-appraised overview of existing systematic reviews.</p>","PeriodicalId":50070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Policy","volume":" ","pages":"14-29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139576944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Association of cigarette excise taxes and clean indoor air laws with change in smoking behavior in the United States: a Markov modeling analysis. 美国卷烟消费税和清洁室内空气法与吸烟行为变化的关系：马尔可夫模型分析。
IF 2.3 3区 医学
Journal of Public Health Policy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1057/s41271-023-00458-x
Ramin Mojtabai, Ryoko Susukida, Keeyana Nejat, Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili
{"title":"Association of cigarette excise taxes and clean indoor air laws with change in smoking behavior in the United States: a Markov modeling analysis.","authors":"Ramin Mojtabai, Ryoko Susukida, Keeyana Nejat, Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili","doi":"10.1057/s41271-023-00458-x","DOIUrl":"10.1057/s41271-023-00458-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rates of cigarette smoking in the United States have declined over the past few decades in parallel with increases in cigarette taxes and introduction of more stringent clean indoor air laws. Few longitudinal studies have examined association of taxes and clean indoor air policies with change in smoking nationally. This study examined the association of state and local cigarette taxes and clean indoor laws with change in smoking status of 18,499 adult participants of the longitudinal 2010-2011 Tobacco Use Supplement of the Current Population Survey over a period of 1 year. Every $1 increase in cigarette excise taxes was associated with 36% higher likelihood of stopping smoking among regular smokers. We found no association between clean indoor air laws and smoking cessation nor between taxes and clean indoor air laws with lower risk of smoking initiation. Cigarette taxes appear to be effective anti-smoking policies. Some state and local governments do not take full advantage of this effective policy measure.</p>","PeriodicalId":50070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Policy","volume":" ","pages":"100-113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Leaving no-one behind in the workplace health promotion: towards regulatory equity in the Ecuadorian micro-enterprises. 在促进工作场所健康方面不让任何人掉队：实现厄瓜多尔微型企业的监管公平。
IF 2.3 3区 医学
Journal of Public Health Policy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1057/s41271-023-00466-x
Antonio R Gómez-García, Alywin Hacay Chang, Richard Oswaldo Valenzuela-Mendieta, José A García-Arroyo
{"title":"Leaving no-one behind in the workplace health promotion: towards regulatory equity in the Ecuadorian micro-enterprises.","authors":"Antonio R Gómez-García, Alywin Hacay Chang, Richard Oswaldo Valenzuela-Mendieta, José A García-Arroyo","doi":"10.1057/s41271-023-00466-x","DOIUrl":"10.1057/s41271-023-00466-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of workplace public health programmes and regulations is to promote safety and health for the entire working population nationwide. Some countries limit the scope of such programmes to medium or big-sized companies, leaving out small and micro-enterprises, thus discriminating against many workers exposed to risks. This Viewpoint aims to identify inequalities in occupational health generated by the new Regulation for Workplace Health Promotion (WHP) in Ecuador. We showed how the regulation excludes all micro-enterprises and displayed the essential role of micro-enterprises in the business fabric and the Ecuadorian labour market. More than 93% of the registered companies are micro-enterprises and these include more than 25% of the employees in the formal economy. Integrating occupational health into the public health system will require deep analysis to improve protection for the working population.</p>","PeriodicalId":50070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Policy","volume":" ","pages":"152-163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139485840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How denialist amplification spread COVID misinformation and undermined the credibility of public health science. 否认者是如何放大传播 COVID 的错误信息并破坏公共卫生科学的公信力的。
IF 2.3 3区 医学
Journal of Public Health Policy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1057/s41271-023-00451-4
Robert D Morris
{"title":"How denialist amplification spread COVID misinformation and undermined the credibility of public health science.","authors":"Robert D Morris","doi":"10.1057/s41271-023-00451-4","DOIUrl":"10.1057/s41271-023-00451-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Denialist scientists played an outsized role in shaping public opinion and determining public health policy during the recent COVID pandemic. From early on, amplification of researchers who denied the threat of COVID shaped public opinion and undermined public health policy. The forces that amplify denialists include (1) Motivated amplifiers seeking to protect their own interests by supporting denialist scientists, (2) Conventional media outlets giving disproportionate time to denialist opinions, (3) Promoters of controversy seeking to gain traction in an 'attention economy,' and (4) Social media creating information silos in which denialists can become the dominant voice. Denialist amplification poses an existential threat to science relevant to public policy. It is incumbent on the scientific community to create a forum to accurately capture the collective perspective of the scientific community related to public health policy that is open to dissenting voices but prevents artificial amplification of denialists.</p>","PeriodicalId":50070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Policy","volume":" ","pages":"114-125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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