Journal of Sport Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Foam Rolling Prior to Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching on Hamstring Flexibility and Thigh Skin Temperature.","authors":"Sinem Yenil,Gamze Yalcinkaya Colak,Seher Ozyurek","doi":"10.1123/jsr.2023-0304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2023-0304","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXTProprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching (PNFS) is suggested to improve the range of motion and flexibility as an active warm-up. Recently, the foam rolling (FR) methods have also emerged as a passive warm-up. However, the combined effects of PNFS and FR are still unclear, and no reports have compared their effects using thermal imaging. This study investigated the acute effects of combining nonvibration FR (NVFR) and vibration FR (VFR) prior to PNFS, in comparison with PNFS alone, on hamstring flexibility and thigh skin temperature.DESIGNRandomized controlled trial.METHODSParticipants (n = 60) were randomly assigned to PNFS, NVFR + PNFS, VFR + PNFS, and control group (CG). Active knee-extension (AKE), sit and reach (SR) test, and thermal imaging were evaluated before (pre-int), immediately after (post-int), and 30-minutes after (post30-int) intervention.RESULTSAll intervention groups had a significant increase at all time periods (P < .001) except the CG in terms of AKE and sit and reach test (P > .05). Combined (NVFR + PNFS/VFR + PNFS) groups had also a significant increase in the post30-int compared with pre-int and post-int values of thigh skin temperature (P < .001). Combined groups, over time, had the best post30-int effect on increasing skin temperature. The study found a significant interaction effect between interventions and time across several measurements (P < .05). Combined groups showed more significant improvements in AKE compared to CG at post-int (P < .05). There is a similar change in AKE, SR test, and skin temperatures between combined groups and PNFS alone at both post-int and post30-int (P < .05).CONCLUSIONSThese findings indicate that using FR, with or without vibration, before PNFS does not provide an additional benefit in improving hamstring flexibility and thigh skin temperatures compared with PNFS alone.","PeriodicalId":50041,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport Rehabilitation","volume":"42 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimizing Redislocation Rates and Restoring Function After Patella Dislocation: A Critically Appraised Topic.","authors":"Matthew Senese,Veronika Smith","doi":"10.1123/jsr.2023-0426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2023-0426","url":null,"abstract":"CLINICAL SCENARIOPatella dislocation is a common knee injury resulting in decreased function, increased knee pain, and a higher risk of recurrent patella dislocation. Patients with patella instability are treated surgically or conservatively with physical therapy to minimize redislocation risk and restore function.CLINICAL QUESTIONIn individuals with a patella dislocation, how does treatment (conservative therapy versus medial patellofemoral ligament [MPFL] surgery) affect redislocation rates and patient-perceived function?SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGSThis critically appraised topic included 3 studies assessing outcomes in individuals with patella instability treated with MPFL surgery or conservative management. Outcomes included comparing redislocation rates and Kujala scale perceived knee function between participant groups. Surgery included MPFL reconstruction (MPFL-R) in 1 randomized controlled trial and 1 prospective controlled trial and MPFL repair in another randomized controlled trial. Conservative treatment included physical therapy and bracing. All 3 studies demonstrated significantly lower redislocation rates in individuals managed with surgery versus conservative treatment. Reported knee function was significantly higher in the MPFL-R group compared with individuals conservatively managed at 2-year follow-up but not at 1 year. No significant difference in knee function was present between individuals receiving MPFL repair or conservative management at a 2-year follow-up.CLINICAL BOTTOM LINEThere is moderate-level evidence to support a significant decrease in patella redislocation rates in individuals managed with MPFL surgery compared with conservative treatment. The reviewed studies suggest a significant improvement in patient-perceived knee function at 2 years following MPFL-R but no difference at 1 year following MPFL-R or 2 years after MPFL repair. Strength of Recommendations: Grade B evidence supports lower patella redislocation rates with MPFL surgery compared with nonsurgical treatment. Furthermore, this evidence suggests a potential benefit in perceived knee function 2 years after MPFL-R compared with conservative management.","PeriodicalId":50041,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport Rehabilitation","volume":"183 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire in Japanese: Adaptation and Validation Study.","authors":"Yuka Tsukahara,Satoshi Kodama,Saaya Kikuchi,Carly Day","doi":"10.1123/jsr.2023-0438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2023-0438","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXTGeneral screening methods for athletes are limited. This study aims to analyze the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the athlete sleep screening questionnaire.METHODSIn total, 111 female collegiate athletes completed the initial test and retest. The independent variables included the kind of sports of the participants and their athletic level, grade (freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior), and age. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients. Athletes competing in team sports and individual sports were compared to evaluate for differences.RESULTSA total of 38.7% of athletes had moderate to severe sleep difficulty score. Their Cronbach's alpha for test and retest were .34 and .44, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient indicated sufficient internal consistency and test-retest validity. The mean sleep difficulty scores were 7.0 (2.3) and 6.5 (2.1) for test and retest, but no significant difference was observed between the individual and team sport athletes. Results of multivariable regression analysis revealed that having sleep and performance issues during travel was related to sleep difficulty scores (Coef 1.44, P < .01).CONCLUSIONSAthletes of all levels have sleep disorders. The Japanese version of athlete sleep screening questionnaire has been validated with sufficient test-retest validity but has poor internal consistency. Thus, although Japanese version of the athlete sleep screening questionnaire is an appropriate questionnaire for assessing sleep disorders in athletes whose primary language is Japanese, future research is needed to optimize the questionnaire accounting for cultural variation.","PeriodicalId":50041,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport Rehabilitation","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is It Possible to Improve Performance in Competition After an Adductor Longus Injury in Professional Football Players?","authors":"José Luis Estévez-Rodríguez, Jesús Rivilla-García, Sergio Jiménez-Rubio","doi":"10.1123/jsr.2024-0028","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jsr.2024-0028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Adductor longus muscle strains are one of the most common injuries occurring in intermittent sports such as soccer.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to know the effect of a specific rehabilitation and reconditioning program, which was previously validated, after adductor longus injury in professional soccer players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A specific rehabilitation and reconditioning program was applied to 11 injured male professional soccer players.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Eleven male professional soccer players (age = 29.18 [4.45] y; height = 179.64 [4.97] cm; mass = 75.33 [3.84] kg).</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>In the first place, the days taken to return to full team training and to return to competition (RTP) was analyzed; second, the most important performance parameters were analyzed and compared in the preinjury match (PRE) and after the return to competition at 2 different points in time (RTP1-RTP2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The return to full team training recorded was 11.91 (1.92) days and the RTP was 15.36 (3.04) days. Match performance parameters showed significant improvements after injury. Significant improvements were observed during RTP2, in the variables of high-speed running (P = .002), very high-speed running (P = .006), acceleration (>3 m/s2; P = .048), and high metabolic load distance (P = .009).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results allow us to conclude that this program was very effective, as it allowed the players to obtain similar and/or higher performance values in a reduced period of time after the injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":50041,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"663-667"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reverse Nordic Curl Does Not Generate Superior Eccentric Activation of the Quadriceps Muscle Than Bodyweight Squat-Based Exercises.","authors":"Nicolas da Silva Pereira, Luiza Pizarro Chaffe, Matheus Iglesias Marques, Rodrigo Freire Guimarães, Jeam Marcel Geremia, Marco Aurélio Vaz, Bruno Manfredini Baroni, Rodrigo Rodrigues","doi":"10.1123/jsr.2023-0431","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jsr.2023-0431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The quadriceps femoris is consistently ranked among the muscles most prone to sustain strain injuries in sports involving kicking and sprinting actions. Given the documented preventive effect of Nordic hamstring curl programs against hamstring strain injuries, incorporating exercises that induce eccentric overload on the quadriceps could potentially help mitigate strain injuries within this muscle group. The Reverse Nordic Curl (RNC) has emerged as a viable field-based exercise for eccentrically working the quadriceps. This study aimed to compare quadriceps muscle eccentric activation during the RNC with 3 bodyweight squat-based exercises: single-leg squat (SLS), Bulgarian squat, and forward lunge.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-three healthy volunteers (15 men) were monitored for rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis electromyographic signal, as well as knee range of motion, while performing 10 repetitions of each exercise. Electromyography data acquired during eccentric phases were normalized by maximum voluntary isometric contraction of the knee extensors. The exercises were compared based on the electromyography and knee range of motion values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RNC generated a similar rectus femoris and vastus medialis eccentric activation compared with the squat-based exercises (P > .05 for all), and a lower vastus lateralis activation than SLS (P < .001). Among the bodyweight squat-based exercises, SLS generated greater eccentric activation than forward lunge and Bulgarian squat for the 3 muscles (P < .05 for all). RNC was performed with lower knee-flexion range of motion than bodyweight squat-based exercises (P < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RNC did not produce superior eccentric quadriceps activation compared to bodyweight squat-based exercises, even proving to be less demanding for the vastus lateralis compared to the SLS. These findings may assist practitioners in selecting exercises to elicit quadriceps eccentric stimulus, with a focus on preventing strain injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":50041,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"646-653"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Social Support on Athlete Burnout and Well-Being in Female Collegiate Athletes.","authors":"Haleigh Gray, Ryan N Moran, Elizabeth Elder, Amanda Wilkerson, Elizabeth Chaney, Ginger Gilmore-Childress, Jessica Wallace","doi":"10.1123/jsr.2023-0421","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jsr.2023-0421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Psychological concerns, such as athlete burnout and diminished well-being, have become a more recognized problem among collegiate student-athletes due to substantial demands. The purpose of this study was to determine if (1) an association exists between athlete burnout and well-being in female collegiate student-athletes and (2) social support has a main or buffering-effect on well-being and athlete burnout.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>174 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female collegiate student-athletes were recruited from a single institution to participate. A web-based survey was distributed via Qualtrics during the middle of an academic semester. The following scales were utilized to evaluate social support, athlete burnout, and well-being: Perceived Available Support in Sport Questionnaire, Athlete Burnout Questionnaire, and Warwick Edinburgh Metal Well-Being Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Correlation analyses presented a significant negative, moderate correlation (r = -.58, P < .001) between athlete burnout and well-being as well as between social support and athlete burnout (r = -.526, P < .001). A moderate, positive correlation was identified between social support and well-being (r = .604, P < .001). Social support was a significant predictor for reduced sense of accomplishment (F1,172 = 68.32, P < .001), physical and emotional exhaustion (F1,172 = 22.00, P < .001), sport devaluation (F1,172 = 56.51, P < .001), and well-being (F1,172 = 115.3, P < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings provide new information on theory-based considerations for reducing athlete burnout and improving well-being in female collegiate student-athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50041,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"639-645"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Thigh Muscle Strength and Joint Kinematics in Dynamic Stability: Implications for Y-Balance Test Performance.","authors":"Jeffrey A Turner, Matthew L Hartshorne, Darin A Padua","doi":"10.1123/jsr.2024-0081","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jsr.2024-0081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The Y-Balance Test Lower Quarter (YBT-LQ) is a widely utilized tool for evaluating dynamic postural control, requiring a combination of mobility and strength. This study aimed to investigate the combined relationship between isometric thigh muscle strength and joint kinematics on YBT-LQ performance.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional laboratory study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Isometric quadriceps and hamstrings strength were measured before the YBT-LQ in 39 healthy participants (27 females and 12 males). The test was performed under 3-dimensional markerless motion capture, where joint kinematics were extracted from the maximum reach position from each direction. Three multivariable linear regression models were then used to determine the strongest combination of predictors for YBT-LQ performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Greater hamstrings strength and increased knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion, and trunk ipsilateral-flexion joint angles explained 56.8% (P < .001) of the variance in anterior reach. Hip flexion, knee flexion, and ankle dorsiflexion angles were the strongest predictors for posteromedial reach distance, explaining 73.0% of the variance (P < .001). Last, 43.3% (P < .001) of the variance in posterolateral reach distance was predicted by hamstring strength and knee-flexion angle.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results emphasize the importance of hamstring strength in YBT-LQ performance across different reach directions. Additionally, the kinematics illustrate a potential movement strategy for maximizing reach distance on the YBT-LQ in healthy individuals. Clinicians can utilize this information to guide interventions aimed at improving dynamic postural control, particularly by focusing on increasing hamstring strength and testing for impairments in specific movement patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":50041,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"654-662"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the German Version of the Upper Limb Functional Index.","authors":"Miguel Ortega-Castillo, Antonio Cuesta-Vargas, Markus Melloh, Manuel Trinidad-Fernández","doi":"10.1123/jsr.2023-0342","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jsr.2023-0342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The Upper Limb Functional Index (ULFI) is a popular tool with valid psychometric properties to assess upper limb function in patients with musculoskeletal conditions. The aim of the study was to cross-culturally adapt and validate the German version of the ULFI.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-cultural validation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 2-stage cross-cultural adaptation of the ULFI was performed according to international guidelines through consecutive forward and backward translations. Psychometric properties of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, criterion, face and content validity, and factor structure were determined from the included German participants suffering from upper limb conditions (n = 100), who fulfilled the following inclusion criteria: (1) older than 18 years old, (2) German as native language, and (3) medical diagnosis of musculoskeletal upper limb condition. Participants completed the ULFI; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand; EuroQol Health Questionnaire 5 Dimensions; and Short Form-12 questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ULFI-G showed good internal consistency (α = .88); excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient2:1 = .98); directly strong correlation with Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (r = .84); fair correlation with Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand-sport (r = .54); inversely fair correlation with EuroQol Health Questionnaire 5 Dimensions (r = -.62); and Short Form 12's physical health domain (r = -.7). A single-factor structure was revealed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ULFI-G showed adequate psychometric properties and proved to be a valid tool for upper limb functional assessment in German population.</p>","PeriodicalId":50041,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"630-638"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes Toward Implicit Bias Among Athletic Trainers.","authors":"S Andrew Cage, Meredith Decker, Luzita Vela, Ramonica Scott, Cristina Gonzalez","doi":"10.1123/jsr.2023-0070","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jsr.2023-0070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Implicit biases are attitudes, emotions, or stereotypes that occur in an unconscious manner and have the potential to negatively affect behaviors, actions, and decisions. Recent studies have suggested that even when certain factors are controlled for, health care workers do not provide equitable care to patients from different demographics. When patients are not receiving equitable health care, there is a potential for disparities in patient-related outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine attitudes toward implicit bias among athletic trainers. A secondary purpose of this study was to assess differences and correlations between attitudes toward implicit bias and demographic factors including age, years of experience, gender identity, sexual orientation, and race. Participants were recruited for this study by emailing athletic trainers from publicly available staff directories at institutions of higher education and high schools, and athletic training education program directors. The survey consisted of questions gathering demographic information and questions taken from the Attitudes Toward Implicit Bias Instrument. A total of 218 athletic trainers (age = 38 [11] y, years of certified experience = 14 [11] y) opened and completed the survey. On average, participants scored 71.0 [11.2] on the Attitudes Toward Implicit Bias Instrument. This mean score indicated that the average participant felt that implicit bias had the potential to negatively impact patient care and needed to be addressed through education. There was a significant, negligible negative correlation between age and attitudes toward implicit bias (r[216] = -.157, P = .02). Examining implicit bias among athletic trainers warrants further research to understand how implicit bias can negatively affect access to equitable health care opportunities. The development of high-quality interventions for identifying and addressing implicit bias is crucial to ensuring optimal patient outcomes in athletic training and all medical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":50041,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"37-41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization 2-Handed Grip Force Production Consistency During Simulated Treatment: A Technical Report.","authors":"Russell T Baker, Nickolai J P Martonick, Matthew C Smitley, Christopher M Ludwig, Ashley J Reeves","doi":"10.1123/jsr.2023-0337","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jsr.2023-0337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) continues to increase in popularity and utilization among manual therapists. Despite its popularity, little is known about the consistency in peak or average forces that clinicians apply when performing IASTM treatments with a 2-handed grip. The purpose of this study was to examine intraclinician consistency in peak and average forces when applying a 2-handed IASTM grip.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Randomized crossover study conducted in a university biomechanics laboratory.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five (5) licensed athletic trainers with prior IASTM training used 5 different IASTM instruments to apply simulated treatment. Average peak forces (Fpeak) and average mean forces (Fmean) were collected via force plate for all 5 IASTM instruments with a skin simulant attached. Descriptive statistics, coefficients of variation (CVs), box and density plots, and Bland-Altman plots were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The clinicians' average Fpeak ranged from 3.0 N to 11.6 N and average Fmean from 1.9 N to 8.1 N. Fpeak CVs for all instruments ranged from 14% to 31%, and Fmean CVs ranged from 15% to 35%. Bland-Altman plots indicated that for both Fpeak and Fmean, 97% of the data points fell within the limits of agreement across instruments and clinicians. Mean differences across instruments ranged from 0.9 N (91.8 g) to 4.1 N (418.1 g) for Fpeak and from 1.0 N (102.0 g) to 2.8 N (285.5 g) for Fmean. Thus, CVs, box and density plots, and Bland-Altman plots supported general force application consistency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Trained IASTM clinicians produced consistent treatment application forces (ie, Fpeak and Fmean) within treatment sessions during 2-handed simulated application.</p>","PeriodicalId":50041,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"687-694"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}