Journal of the American Pharmacists Association最新文献

{"title":"Novel programs to improve patient access and understanding of Medications: Nashville General Hospital Pharmacy Services","authors":"James Jacob Wetsell,&nbsp;Jeff Hardwick,&nbsp;Evelyn Henson,&nbsp;Alecia Fair,&nbsp;Debra Wujcik,&nbsp;Joseph Webb","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nashville General Hospital (NGH) is a public safety-net hospital serving Nashville, Tennessee and surrounding areas. Surveys sent after hospital discharge showed patients were dissatisfied with their understanding of their medications. Patients also often had difficulty obtaining and paying for medications postdischarge.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The primary objective was to address the patient's dissatisfaction with their understanding of the purpose of their medications. The second objective was to remove the financial barrier of obtaining medications for those patients who were under or uninsured. To address these needs, NGH uses a three-pronged approach: the Meds2Beds (M2B), Hope Meds (HM) programs, and the NGH Foundation (NGHF).</div></div><div><h3>Practice Description</h3><div>The M2B and HM programs were implemented in March 2023, whereas NGHF was pre-existing. Medications are filled at the NGH Community Pharmacy, on the NGH campus, and delivered prior to discharge. Pharmacists teach patients about the purpose of their medications, how to take them, and what to expect in terms of both adverse effects and outcomes. Patients who meet eligibility criteria receive prescriptions free of charge via HM and NGHF.</div></div><div><h3>Practice Innovation</h3><div>The unique combination of programs offered at Nashville General Hospital that reduces patient barriers to medication access.</div></div><div><h3>Evaluation Methods</h3><div>We utilized responses to the HCAHPS question regarding understanding the purpose of prescribed medications as our evaluation method.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In one year, the M2B program has provided counseling to 993 unique patients. The HM program has served 4673 unique patients, filled 4744 prescriptions, and provided 7976 months of free medications, saving NGH patients $598,054. In addition, the NGHF provided medications to 1335 patients for this period, providing savings of $35,215. The average time spent with patients is 15 minutes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The unique blend of programs at NGH serves to address barriers to medication access and understanding. These programs are feasible, and with minimal pharmacist burden, leading to improved patient satisfaction and adherence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 3","pages":"Article 102383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translation, adaptation, and validation of the professional collaborative practice tool for community pharmacists and physicians in Arabic-speaking countries","authors":"Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun,&nbsp;Sabaa Saleh Al-Hemyari,&nbsp;Faris El-Dahiyat,&nbsp;Moyad Shahwan,&nbsp;Samer H. Zyoud,&nbsp;Heba Jeroudy,&nbsp;Manar Al Kazhali,&nbsp;Saleh Karamah AL-Tamimi","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The importance of collaboration between physicians and community pharmacists in health care is increasingly recognized. Enhanced cooperation positively impacts medication management and patient outcomes by merging medical and pharmaceutical expertise for improved health care. Previously, the Professional Collaborative Practice Tool, which is crucial for assessing such collaboration, was unavailable in Arabic. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the tool in Arabic-speaking countries while focusing on community pharmacists' perspectives on collaborative practice with physicians.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study, which spanned 10 months, involved a cross-sectional survey of 303 community pharmacists across Arabic-speaking nations. The translation process followed the standard “forward–backward” technique from English to Arabic. Validation employed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling, with indices like root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), incremental fit index (IFI), normed fit index, McDonald's fit index (MEI), and comparative fit index (CFI). Convergent validity was assessed using average variance extracted (AVE) and composite reliability (CR), while discriminant validity was evaluated through latent factor correlation in the three-factor model against the square root of AVE values. Reliability was gauged using Cronbach's alpha and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CFA confirmed the Professional Collaborative Practice Tool's structural validity in Arabic. The model's robustness was indicated by fit indices (CFI: 0.974, NMI: 0.954, IFI: 0.974, MEI: 0.887, RMSEA: 0.063). AVE values exceeding 0.50 validated the explanatory power of the latent constructs. CR values (≥0.70) indicated strong internal consistency and reliability. The tool demonstrated superior discriminant validity with lower interfactor correlations than the square root of AVE values. High Cronbach's alpha coefficients (&gt;0.70) across all factors and the model reflected excellent internal consistency. The ICC (0.95) suggested exceptional long-term reliability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study successfully translated, validated, and enhanced an instrument measuring collaborative practice among community pharmacists in Arabic-speaking countries. The tool effectively assesses collaboration levels crucial for services like comprehensive medication reviews, thereby influencing patient outcomes. It supports the essential role of strengthening the partnership between physicians and community pharmacists in delivering patient-centered health care services. The validated instrument can be incorporated into regular assessments in community pharmacies to monitor and improve collaborative behaviors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 3","pages":"Article 102386"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-injection experiences among transgender people on injectable gender-affirming hormone therapy: A narrative review","authors":"Jordan M. Rowe,&nbsp;Sarah McBane,&nbsp;Jackson T. Warner,&nbsp;Lauren R. Cirrincione","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people may self-administer injectable estradiol or testosterone therapy for gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT). Knowledge about injection-related safety and injection adherence for TGD people remains to be determined.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine the types of injection-related safety issues and medication adherence issues reported in the literature for TGD people on injectable GAHT. Our secondary objective was to identify opportunities for pharmacists to enhance the self-injection experience for TGD people on injectable GAHT.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We examined the literature to determine the types of issues TGD people experience when prescribed injectable GAHT. We searched for English language publications in PubMed and Google Scholar from inception to 5 August 2024 (e.g., “transgender,” “nonbinary,” “self-inject∗,” \"estrogens,” and “testosterone”) and included original research publications that assessed 1 of 3 injection-related domains: Safety (injection site-related reactions or pain, psychological safety around injections), injection-related medication administration (individual self-injection practices and preferences including family or caregiver support administering injections, access to appropriate injection supplies, continuation of injections, patient-reported comfort) and teaching and assessment of injection practices by a pharmacist or other health care provider (clinic- or pharmacy-based injection counseling or follow-up assessments). We excluded articles that did not describe whether GAHT was self-injected and publications about long-acting injectable testosterone undecanoate, as trained providers administer this medication.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seven publications discussed at least 1 of the 3 injection-related domains. Investigators used various methods for assessing these elements across publications. Although self-injected GAHT was well-tolerated overall, most publications reported injection site reactions that were managed while continuing self-injected GAHT. Gaps included comprehensive teaching and assessment of individual self-injection practices long-term.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Based on the types of injection-related challenges identified, pharmacists, as one of the most accessible health care providers in the United States, are well-positioned to intervene and improve the experience of patients using injectable GAHT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 4","pages":"Article 102405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacist portrayals in film and television media between 2013 and 2023","authors":"Alexander S. Kim,&nbsp;Gavin T. Howington,&nbsp;Peter Thai,&nbsp;Brooke Hudspeth,&nbsp;Michael Behal","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The pharmacy profession has experienced significant transformation over the last century. Despite the evolving role of pharmacists, public perception of the profession continues to be based on the traditional dispensing role pharmacists play in the community setting. Based on previously published literature, this study hypothesizes that modern film and television (TV) media continue to depict pharmacists predominantly in a negative light or in traditional dispensing roles, failing to reflect the profession's evolution.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to highlight the discrepancies between the evolving roles of pharmacists and their portrayal in the media, providing insights for targeted advocacy and educational efforts to enhance public understanding of the pharmacy profession.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A retrospective review was conducted of all pharmacist appearances in film and TV media published for viewing in the United States between August 1, 2013, and October 31, 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Setting and participants</h3><div>Each media entry was screened by 2 blinded independent reviewers using a standardized screening tool.</div></div><div><h3>Outcome measures</h3><div>The primary outcome was the categorization of pharmacist character portrayals. Secondary outcomes included pharmacist character demographics, practice setting of pharmacist portrayals, and categorization of character status.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 92 media entries with 71 unique pharmacist characters were included, with 32 (45.1%) and 39 (54.9%) appearing in film and TV shows, respectively. Negative portrayals were the most common (n = 44, 47.3%), followed by neutral (n = 29, 31.2%) and positive (n = 20, 21.5%). The most categorized character status was “none” (n = 54, 58.7%), followed by “villain” (n = 16, 17.4%), “hero” (n = 13, 14.1%), and “victim” (n = 9, 9.8%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrated that pharmacists have continued to be negatively portrayed in film and TV media over the past 10 years. The film/TV industry continues to inaccurately portray the profession, and this may be causing negative public perceptions of pharmacists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 4","pages":"Article 102404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot of interactive texting for diabetes self-management education and support","authors":"Annette Carmichael,&nbsp;Emily Orr,&nbsp;Alejandro Cisneros-Orozco,&nbsp;Kevin O. Rynn,&nbsp;Kristine Zimmermann","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Controlling type 2 diabetes requires medication adherence, monitoring blood sugar, weight management, and dietary and physical activity behaviors. Estimates link a 1% reduction in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) to up to a 40% decrease in complications. Accessible supports for self-management behaviors can help increase adherence and lower HbA1c. However, uninsured and low-income populations may experience unique self-management challenges and have limited access to self-management supports.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of a pharmacist-driven 6-month pilot intervention to support diabetes self-management behaviors utilizing text messages among uninsured and underinsured patients with uncontrolled diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eligible participants were English or Spanish-speaking patients at a Federally Qualified Health Center in Northern Illinois who had poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (HbA1c &gt; 7) and access to a smartphone. Participants' HbA1c was measured at enrollment and upon completion. Interactive and informational messages were sent to participants using a secure text-messaging application. Messages included explanations, encouragement, and problem-solving suggestions. Message frequency was tapered to withdraw support gradually. Message engagement was tracked within the text-messaging software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Electronic medical records identified 192 eligible patients with type 2 diabetes, of whom 76 consented to enroll in the intervention. Mean HbA1c at enrollment was 9.3%. Engagement with messages did not vary by demographic or clinical characteristics. Of 75 participants in the analytic sample, 60 completed the postintervention HbA1c measurement. Thirty-five (58.3%) had clinically significant reductions in their HbA1c, and 16 (26.7%) reduced their HbA1c to under 7%, which is considered controlled. Smaller groups saw either HbA1c decreases of less than 0.5% (n = 8, 13.3%), no change (n = 3, 5.0%), or increases (n = 14, 23.3%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This feasible and low-cost pilot intervention utilizing pharmacist services helped a large portion of patients attain a clinically significant reduction in their HbA1c and contributed to some individuals achieving blood sugar control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 4","pages":"Article 102403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the prescription drug monitoring program mandate on queries of controlled substance prescriptions: Findings from Texas","authors":"Olajumoke A. Olateju,&nbsp;Mina Shrestha,&nbsp;Alia Altaie,&nbsp;Tyler J. Varisco,&nbsp;J. Douglas Thornton","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The state of Texas required state-licensed prescribers and pharmacies to query their patients' prescription histories in the state's prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) before prescribing controlled substances, starting on March 1, 2020.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To examine the effect of the PDMP mandate on the rate of queried prescriptions for opioids, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and carisoprodol in Texas.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Interrupted time-series analyses were conducted using monthly data from the Texas Prescription Monitoring Program (TPMP), covering September 1, 2019 till September 30, 2020. Changes in the rates of queried prescription trends 6 months before and after the implementation of the TPMP mandate were analyzed separately for each drug class. Separate analyses were conducted for prescriber- and pharmacy-related queries. Sensitivity analyses were performed by evaluating measures specific to the stimulant drug class (a drug class unaffected by the mandate) and extending the analysis to a 12-month postmandate period to assess longer term trends.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mandate was associated with an immediate decline in the rate of prescription queries by prescribers across all drug classes (range: −10.7% to −4.8%) and an immediate increase in queries by pharmacies for all drug classes, except for barbiturates (0.2% to 11.5%). This resulted in an overall immediate decrease in prescription queries for barbiturates (−8.3%). Compared to the baseline (premandate), the change in overall monthly prescription queries across all drug classes showed an insignificant decline in both the main and sensitivity analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The immediate impact of the TPMP may be limited, particularly given that the mandate's implementation coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic. To more effectively address controlled substance misuse, the state should consider strengthening the mandate and exploring additional measures to enhance its impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 4","pages":"Article 102402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of a pharmacist-led Comprehensive Diabetes Management Program (CDMP) in a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC)","authors":"Charmaine D. Rochester-Eyeguokan,&nbsp;Kathleen J. Pincus,&nbsp;Olufunke M. Sokan,&nbsp;Hyunuk Seung","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic disease associated with significant complications and economic burdens. A substantial portion of the population in the United States has diabetes, with considerable variability in achieving treatment targets. Yearly estimates of the national burden reach billions of dollars. In response to a request from a Federally Qualified Health Center, the Center for Innovative Pharmacy Solutions at the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy developed a Comprehensive Diabetes Management Program (CDMP). Clinical pharmacists and a licensed dietitian provided direct patient-care services to address high A1C levels, limited health care access, and health literacy. Patients were eligible for the CDMP if the most recent hemoglobin A1c was &gt;7%. The program involved comprehensive patient evaluation, treatment optimization, educational initiatives, and interdisciplinary collaboration.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the impact of pharmacist-led interventions on clinical and economic outcomes within the CDMP.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective, 2-year prepost analysis study includes clinical and economic analyses of patients enrolled between August 1, 2021, and August 31, 2023. Patients were included if they attended more than one pharmacy visit with an available postintervention A1c. The primary clinical outcome was the change in A1c level from baseline to follow-up analyzed using a paired t-test and McNemar's test for categorical changes. Costs were analyzed using hospitalizations and utilization data retrieved from the regional health information exchange. A segmented regression of interrupted time series was conducted to evaluate cost trends, and the return on investment was calculated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study enrolled 518 patients, revealing a statistically significant mean reduction in A1c levels, alongside observed cost savings in health care utilization due to reduced hospitalizations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study underscores the considerable advantages of integrating pharmacists into diabetes management programs, particularly for patients with elevated A1c levels &gt;9%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 4","pages":"Article 102399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sounding off—Pharmacist insights on over-the-counter hearing aids: A qualitative focus group study","authors":"James S. Wheeler,&nbsp;Julie Beeler,&nbsp;Elizabeth Humphrey,&nbsp;Patrick Plyler,&nbsp;Ayanna Humphrey,&nbsp;Kelsey Frederick","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hearing loss affects an estimated 30 million individuals in the United States significantly affecting communication, social engagement, and overall quality of life. In August 2022, the Food and Drug Administration published its final rule creating a regulatory category for over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aids for adults with perceived mild to moderate hearing loss. Few studies have assessed pharmacists’ readiness to provide patient support for these devices.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This qualitative study assessed pharmacist adoption and sustainable implementation of pharmacist-provided OTC hearing aids.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Community pharmacists were invited to participate in focus groups through self-selection via electronic invitations sent from the institution’s continuing professional development e-mail listserv. An interview guide was developed based on selected constructs of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). A thematic analysis was conducted on the transcribed interviews and coded by investigators. Focus groups were conducted until a point of saturation was reached (4 focus groups, 23 participants). Qualitative results spanned all 5 CFIR domains.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Pharmacists viewed convenience and accessibility as major advantages offered by OTC hearing aids and felt the sale of OTC hearing aids fit logically within existing pharmacy workflow. However, they cited a lack of knowledge, skills, and training on the subject and devices, which influenced their reported lack of motivation and commitment to engage in selling OTC hearing aids. Pharmacists expressed frustration with the complex nature of these devices, noting significant variances in quality, technological sophistication, and cost.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Findings from our study clearly indicate a need for training and education opportunities for pharmacists who offer or will offer OTC hearing aids. Establishing a collaborative relationship with audiologists may help bridge the gap in knowledge and skills for pharmacists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 4","pages":"Article 102401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing nonphysician health care professionals and complementary vaccination sites to increase vaccination rates: A quantitative survey","authors":"Amanda L. Eiden,&nbsp;Lei Ai,&nbsp;Arielle Marks-Anglin,&nbsp;Kaitlyn Esselman,&nbsp;Dong Wang,&nbsp;Erik Muther,&nbsp;Alexandra Bhatti","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Expanding health care providers (HCPs) who can administer vaccines including nonphysician health professionals (NPHPs) (a registered nurse [RN]/licensed practical nurse [LPN], pharmacist, medical assistant, pharmacy technician, or dentist), along with the broader use of complementary vaccination sites, could improve vaccine access and uptake.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We investigated the attitudes and perceptions of vaccination stakeholders, including adults and HCPs, regarding leveraging NPHPs and complementary sites to improve vaccination access and uptake.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional quantitative online survey was administered in July 2021 to 181 HCPs and 100 US adults. Respondents were asked about challenges faced while delivering or receiving vaccines, interventions that might increase vaccination uptake, and the likelihood that individuals would go to NPHPs for vaccinations or would use a complementary vaccination site.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The top challenge reported by HCPs in vaccine delivery was patient receptiveness (62.4%), whereas the top challenge in vaccine receipt was patients' perception that a vaccine was not safe or effective (selected by 81.2% of HCPs, 65.0% of adults). Top interventions were patient or community incentives (selected by 52.5% of HCPs) and recommendations by the HCP (selected by 28.0% of adults). Adults rated their overall likelihood of receiving vaccination from an NPHP as 5.1 (standard deviation [SD] 1.7) on the 7-point scale. HCPs rated their patients' comfort level and adults rated their own comfort level with receiving a vaccine from an NPHP highest for RNs/LPNs (6.0 and 5.7, respectively), followed by pharmacists (5.7 and 5.2), medical assistants (5.0 and 5.2), pharmacy technicians (4.2 and 4.7), and dentists (3.7 and 4.1). The likelihood of vaccination at a complementary site was rated as 5.4 (SD 1.4) by HCPs and 4.9 (SD 1.8) by adults.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>U.S. adults are generally comfortable with receiving vaccines from NPHPs and at complementary sites. Education regarding the safety and effectiveness of vaccines remains essential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 4","pages":"Article 102400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of pharmacist-led management of type 2 diabetes using personal continuous glucose monitors across a large tertiary academic health system","authors":"Christina Mnatzaganian,&nbsp;Mark Bounthavong,&nbsp;Wendelle Abalos,&nbsp;Truc Chau,&nbsp;Oluchi Nwosu,&nbsp;Andrew Yi,&nbsp;Ila Saunders,&nbsp;Panteha Kelly","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There is limited but positive evidence of the impact of pharmacists in managing patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using a personal continuous glucose monitor (CGM). Previous studies have been limited to single clinic pilots or community pharmacies with small sample sizes.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the impact on glycemic outcomes of an innovative pharmacist-led Diabetes Management and Education Clinic (DMEC) on patients with T2D using a personal CGM.</div></div><div><h3>Practice description</h3><div>The DMEC operates in primary care settings in a large, tertiary academic health care system serving a large patient population. Pharmacists manage care for patients with T2D who are referred by primary care and specialty medical providers under a collaborative practice agreement.</div></div><div><h3>Practice innovation</h3><div>To use CGM data to guide decision making for clinical pharmacists seeing patients with T2D in the DMEC.</div></div><div><h3>Evaluation methods</h3><div>This was a retrospective study conducted at the DMEC over 2 years. Demographics and glycemic outcomes were collected from the electronic medical record for patients who had a personal CGM prior to the initial clinic visit, supplied during the visit, or ordered as a prescription. A descriptive analysis was completed for this study.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DMEC pharmacists used CGMs to guide treatment decisions for 165 patients. The average hemoglobin A1c decreased by 1.48% at 3 months (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and 1.74% at 6 months (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) after initial visit. Time in range improved by 8.2% at 3 months (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and by 12.1% at 6 months (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). The glucose management indicator decreased by 0.27% at 3 months (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and 0.53% at 6 months (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). The average glucose decreased by 13.5 mg/dL at 3 months (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and 18.8 mg/dL at 6 months (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Pharmacist-led management of T2D using personal CGMs can improve diabetes outcomes in a large academic health care system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 4","pages":"Article 102397"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}