ACS Applied Energy Materials最新文献

{"title":"Selective Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 to Formate via Redox-Modulated Porous Metal Electrodes Coupled with Efficient Oxygen Evolution","authors":"Sabahat Asif,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Ifra Bashir,&nbsp;Syed Zajif Hussain,&nbsp;Senem Çitoğlu,&nbsp;Hatice Duran,&nbsp;Ingo Lieberwirth,&nbsp;Habib Ur Rehman,&nbsp;Bien Tan,&nbsp;Zhicheng Zhang and Irshad Hussain*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.5c0006410.1021/acsaem.5c00064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.5c00064https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.5c00064","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO₂) to formate holds significant promise for CO₂ mitigation and as a foundational process for various crucial chemicals. However, the efficiency of this conversion process is hindered by the sluggish kinetics of the counter oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this study, we explore the impact of redox modulation in dendritic lead (Pb) doped tin (Sn) catalysts to enhance the Faradaic efficiency of CO₂ reduction to formate, achieving an impressive Faradaic efficiency of 92.5% and a cathodic energy efficiency of 75%. Moreover, Iron cobalt layered double hydroxide (CoFeLDH) grown on hierarchically porous nickel acts as a standout performer for the OER, demonstrating a remarkably low overpotential of 90 mV at 50 mA cm^–2, accompanied by a high electrochemical surface area of 684.25 cm². Integration of these cost-effective catalysts into a two-electrode electrolyzer enables simultaneous reduction of CO₂ to formate and water oxidation to oxygen, exhibiting exceptional activity, stability, and efficiency, with an overall bias as low as 2.56 V required to achieve a current density of 25 mA cm^–2. This study represents a significant advancement in sustainable CO₂ conversion technologies, offering promising avenues for carbon utilization and renewable energy generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":"8 8","pages":"5123–5134 5123–5134"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling Up the Catalytic Hydrogen Generation on a Rh–Cu@Ti3C2Tx–CN System: A Strategic Approach for Green Fuel Production","authors":"Ejaz Hussain*,&nbsp;Aysha Tanveer,&nbsp;Muhammad Zeeshan Abid,&nbsp;Muhammad Zaryab Waleed and Khezina Rafiq*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.5c0000210.1021/acsaem.5c00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.5c00002https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.5c00002","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this work, we designed a sustainable approach to produce hydrogen from water splitting. The purpose of this study is to synthesize and explore efficient catalysts that can effectively rely on sunlight. For this purpose, g-C₃N₄ shawls have been prepared and sensitized with Rh–Cu@Ti₃C₂T_<i>x</i> as cocatalysts for developing electron-rich systems. Morphology, optical characteristics, and chemical compositions have been assessed via XRD, FTIR, Raman, UV–Vis/DRS, SEM, AFM, and XPS analytical techniques. Thermal stability, magnetic properties, electron transport, and charge-transfer progress has been confirmed by TGA, VSM, PL, and EIS analysis. Photoreactions and photoelectrocatalytic reactions have been carried out in a photoreactor (150 mL/Velp–UK) and CHI660D workstation, respectively. The hydrogen production tests were monitored/assessed on a gas chromatograph GC–TCD (Shimadzu/Japan). Results revealed that the ascribed catalyst has exceptional potential to produce hydrogen from water splitting. Rh–Cu@Ti₃C₂T_<i>x</i>–CN shawls have potentially delivered hydrogen with a rate of 26.67 mmol g^–1 h^–1 via photoreaction, whereas 66.2 mmol h^–1 m^–2 as a photoelectrocatalyst (PEC). This exceptional hydrogen generation on Rh–Cu@Ti₃C₂T_<i>x</i>–CN is attributed to the shawls-like structure of g-C₃N₄ and Rh–Cu@Ti₃C₂T_<i>x</i> cocatalysts that act as electron promoters. During the photoreaction, surface plasmon electrons of Cu migrate toward Ti₃C₂T_<i>x</i>, increasing its electron density. These electrons subsequently move to Rh that readily adsorbs and reduces H⁺ ions to produce H₂ gas. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the designed material represents a significant breakthrough for green energy technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":"8 7","pages":"4428–4440 4428–4440"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Solar-Driven, Electro/Photoelectrochemical, and Photothermal-Assisted Upcycling of Waste Plastics","authors":"Haoze Li,&nbsp;Hailong Cheng,&nbsp;Ye Chen*,&nbsp;Li Wang* and Jianping Yang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.5c0051610.1021/acsaem.5c00516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.5c00516https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.5c00516","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nowadays, plastic pollution has emerged as a central issue within the collective global environment discourse. Recycling plastic waste is advantageous as it allows for the optimal utilization of its carbon content in the production of other valuable chemicals. However, conventional recycling methods often entail considerable energy expenditure and lead to the production of hazardous byproducts. This review delineates the most recent methodologies for the upcycling of plastics under mild conditions (room temperature and atmospheric). It encompasses an analysis of the benefits and drawbacks, as well as prospective developments, associated with photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, photoelectrocatalytic, and photothermal catalytic upcycling techniques for plastic waste. It also provides a detailed overview of the potential of renewable energy-driven approaches to convert plastic waste into valuable fuels and commodity chemicals, as well as the challenges and future directions of this emerging approach to plastic waste.</p>","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":"8 7","pages":"4803–4814 4803–4814"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Li4(OH)3Br for Thermal Energy Storage","authors":"Emily Milan,&nbsp;James A. Quirk,&nbsp;John Cattermull,&nbsp;Andrew L. Goodwin,&nbsp;James A. Dawson and Mauro Pasta*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.5c0035910.1021/acsaem.5c00359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.5c00359https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.5c00359","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The peritectic compound Li₄(OH)₃Br has been suggested as a candidate material for latent heat thermal energy storage (TES), due to its high calculated melting enthalpy (804 J g^–1) around 300 °C, however experimental reports have obtained much lower values (≤250 J g^–1). In this work, we show that the crystal structure established for Li₄(OH)₃Br in literature corresponds to a metastable hydrated compound, and instead propose that the thermodynamically stable phase belongs to the <i>Pmnm</i> space group. The hydrated phase dehydrates at ∼175 °C, rendering the exceptional previous predictions inapplicable. An experimentally measured melting enthalpy of 263 ± 3 J g^–1 is found for high-purity Li₄(OH)₃Br. Theoretical modeling is used to suggest a crystal structure for Li₄(OH)₃Br, from which a melting enthalpy of 260 J g^–1 is calculated, in good agreement with the experimental work, and supporting that nonetheless impressive storage capacity at ∼290 °C can be offered by Li₄(OH)₃Br.</p>","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":"8 8","pages":"5353–5359 5353–5359"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsaem.5c00359","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlating Electrochemical Behavior with Morphological and Compositional Changes in Sulfide Solid Electrolyte All-Solid-State Batteries after Charge/Discharge Cycles","authors":"Yasuhito Aoki*,&nbsp;Riko Miyoshi,&nbsp;Kentaro Kato,&nbsp;Sumihisa Ishikawa,&nbsp;Toshikatsu Kojima and Mitsuharu Tabuchi,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.5c0023810.1021/acsaem.5c00238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.5c00238https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.5c00238","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Morphological and compositional changes occurring inside an all-solid-state battery of NCA/Li₆PS₅Cl/graphite after a charge/discharge cycle test were analyzed in detail, combining the interpretation of electrochemical performance measurements and various instrumental analyses. The capacity of the cell faded, and the internal resistance increased after charge/discharge cycles. Also, disassembly analyses show the following features. First, delamination between NCA active materials and the solid electrolyte inside the positive electrode is observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which shows an increase in lithium-ion-transfer resistance at the interface. Second, the chemical structural changes of sulfide solid electrolyte observed around the positive electrode include the generation of the oxygen-substituted and/or chloride-free PS₄ tetrahedra and the generation of the S–S bond. The chemical structural changes may have caused the delamination inside the positive electrode layer observed by SEM. Third, similar structural changes are observed inside the sulfide solid electrolyte layer, which proceeded through the grain boundary of the solid electrolyte. Those chemical structural changes resulted in a decrease in lithium-ion mobility, which was confirmed by AC impedance measurement and ⁷Li and ³¹P NMR analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":"8 8","pages":"5269–5276 5269–5276"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Symmetric and Nonsymmetric Dithienothiophene-dioxide Derivatives as Fluorescent Emitters for Luminescent Solar Concentrators","authors":"Matteo Bartolini,&nbsp;Alberto Picchi,&nbsp;Hanna Pryshchepa,&nbsp;Marco Carlotti,&nbsp;Carmen Coppola,&nbsp;Greta Sambucari,&nbsp;Daniele Franchi,&nbsp;Alessio Dessì,&nbsp;Gianna Reginato,&nbsp;Adalgisa Sinicropi,&nbsp;Mariangela Di Donato,&nbsp;Alessandro Mordini,&nbsp;Andrea Pucci*,&nbsp;Lorenzo Zani* and Massimo Calamante,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.5c0035110.1021/acsaem.5c00351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.5c00351https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.5c00351","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Four conjugated donor–acceptor compounds featuring a central dithieno[3,2-<i>b</i>:2′,3′-<i>d</i>]thiophene-4,4′-dioxide (<i>do</i>-DTT) core, with either a symmetric (<b>DTT-H2</b>, <b>O2</b>, <b>S2</b>) or nonsymmetric (<b>DTT-H1</b>) structure, have been designed based on DFT computational investigations and prepared using direct arylation reactions as the key C–C bond-forming steps. Spectroscopic analysis of the compounds in solution, carried out with both stationary and time-resolved techniques, confirmed that they have properties compatible with application as fluorescent emitters in Luminescent Solar Concentrators (LSCs). Accordingly, their performances were initially screened in thin-film LSCs employing poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as host matrix. The devices fabricated with the emitter <b>DTT-S2</b>, featuring thiomethyl-substituted donor groups, appeared very promising, with a good external photon efficiency (η_ext) of up to 5.6%, accompanied by a notable internal photon efficiency (η_int) of up to 43%. Due to these favorable characteristics, this compound was selected as the emitter for PMMA-based slab LSC devices (5 × 5 × 0.3 cm³) fabricated using regenerated MMA. Remarkably, a η_ext of 6.7% was reached together with a fluorescence quantum yield (Φ_fl) of 90%, which resulted in a device efficiency of 0.74% once the LSC was coupled with a Si–PV cell. In addition, a preliminary stability assessment of the doped slabs, conducted by an accelerated protocol, provided encouraging results, with the nonsymmetric emitter <b>DTT-H1</b> being able to retain &gt;90% of its initial emission intensity after 960 h of simulated time.</p>","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":"8 8","pages":"5317–5333 5317–5333"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on the Synthesis and Properties of MXenes for Supercapacitor Applications","authors":"Anoop Singh,&nbsp;Neha Lalotra,&nbsp;Shahid Shafi Shah,&nbsp;Mehraj ud Din Rather,&nbsp;Eduardo Alberto Lopez-Maldonado,&nbsp;Kamni Pathania,&nbsp;Rashad GabilOglu Abaszade,&nbsp;Maksym Stetsenko and Sandeep Arya*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.4c0319410.1021/acsaem.4c03194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c03194https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c03194","url":null,"abstract":"<p >MXenes, a class of two-dimensional transition metal nitrides and carbides, have attracted significant attention for their potential in energy storage applications due to their remarkable properties and unique structure. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the synthesis methods, structural characteristics, and electrochemical performance of MXenes. Various synthesis techniques, including selective etching and chemical vapor deposition, are discussed in detail, emphasizing their impact on the morphology and functional properties of MXenes. The review also explores key characteristics of MXenes, such as conductivity, specific capacitance, and areal capacitance, which contribute to their suitability as electrode materials in supercapacitors (SCs). Furthermore, this review addresses the challenges and opportunities in optimizing MXenes for enhanced energy storage performance, considering factors like surface functionalization and composite formation. By integrating current research findings, this review aims to provide an overview of future directions and potential advancements in MXene-based SCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":"8 8","pages":"4884–4914 4884–4914"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Carbon Nitride/Cobalt Phthalocyanine Nanocomposites for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation","authors":"Lakshman Sundar Arumugam,&nbsp;Javier E. Durantini,&nbsp;Jorge Follana-Berná,&nbsp;Frederik Schiller,&nbsp;Ane Etxebarria,&nbsp;Lorenzo Forzanini,&nbsp;Sara Barja*,&nbsp;Ángela Sastre-Santos* and Sixto Giménez*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.4c0325710.1021/acsaem.4c03257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c03257https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c03257","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The photocatalytic production of hydrogen stands out as a promising strategy to convert and store solar energy as chemical energy in the form of a sustainable energy carrier. In the present study, a hybrid photocatalyst based on cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) coupled with polymeric carbon nitride (CN) is synthesized using a simple, cost-effective, and upscalable method. Both components are held together in the hybrid nanocomposite via π–π interactions, as shown by detailed structural and optical characterization. The synergistic interaction between both components, CN, a metal-free semiconductor, valued for its stability and tunable electronic properties, and CoPc, known for its excellent light absorption and electronic properties, is evidenced in a proof-of-concept photocatalytic reaction: the photo-oxidation of benzyl alcohol (BzOH) to benzaldehyde (BzO). Chemical trapping reagents were employed to elucidate the reaction mechanism, showing favorable recombination dynamics of the hybrid photocatalyst (CoPc/CN) compared to the individual components. Furthermore, photocatalytic hydrogen production was conducted in an aqueous solution using triethanolamine (TEOA) as an electron donor, with the optimized CoPc/CN nanocomposite producing 1136.5 μmol h^–1 g_cat^–1 of H₂, achieving a 50% higher hydrogen yield compared to pristine CN. These results contribute to the design of high-performance photocatalytic materials for promising solar-to-X transformations.</p>","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":"8 8","pages":"5056–5066 5056–5066"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ge–O Dual-Doping toward a Highly Conductive, Air-Stable, and Lithium-Compatible Argyrodite Solid Electrolyte for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries","authors":"Yuhao Zhang,&nbsp;Bosen Zhang,&nbsp;Ting Pan,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Chen,&nbsp;Yecheng Yan,&nbsp;Dong Cai,&nbsp;Chongju Chen*,&nbsp;Shuo Yang* and Zhi Yang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.5c0045510.1021/acsaem.5c00455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.5c00455https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.5c00455","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Despite high ionic conductivity and good mechanical deformability, the application of argyrodite solid electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) is greatly limited by its moisture sensitivity and electrode/electrolyte interface compatibility. Herein, a Li_6.2Ge_0.1P_0.9S_4.8O_0.2Cl electrolyte with high ion conductivity, excellent air stability, superior lithium dendrite suppression capability is synthesized by Ge–O dual doping into typical Li₆PS₅Cl (LPSC) argyrodites. The NCM811/Li ASSLBs using the Li_6.2Ge_0.1P_0.9S_4.8O_0.2Cl electrolyte deliver a high specific capacity of 164.2 mA h g^–1 at 0.1 C and an excellent long-term cycling performance at room temperature (86% capacity retention after 300 cycles with a Coulombic efficiency of almost 99.7% at 0.5 C). This rationally designed Ge,O codoped LPSC electrolyte is highly expected to pave the road for the practical application of ASSLBs to deepen the understanding of the dopant substitution mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":"8 7","pages":"4767–4774 4767–4774"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Activation Process on Electrochemical Properties of Coal Liquefaction Pitch-Based Carbon Foam","authors":"Di Hu,&nbsp;Wenbo Li,&nbsp;Peng Zhao,&nbsp;Yuan Zhao,&nbsp;Min Liu,&nbsp;Peng Huang* and Yong Zhao,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.5c0004310.1021/acsaem.5c00043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.5c00043https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.5c00043","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Coal liquefaction pitch (CLP) serves as an ideal precursor for carbon materials with high carbon content and an elevated softening point. In this study, activated carbon foam (ACF) based on CLP was synthesized using polyurethane foam as a template, and the effects of activation parameters on the structural characteristics and electrochemical behavior were thoroughly investigated. A typical hierarchical porous reticulated vitreous carbon foam was produced, exhibiting a specific surface area of 592.44 m²·g^–1 and an exceptionally high porosity of 93.95%. Increasing the activation temperature and extending the activation time notably promoted the development of the pore structure. However, these changes also led to an increase in structural disorder and a decrease in graphitization. Higher activation temperatures and prolonged activation times resulted in the depletion of O, N, and S elements, which lowered the wettability and effective contact area of the ACF. Remarkably, intensified activation introduced more oxygen, primarily in the form of C═O and O–H groups, which considerably enhanced the pseudocapacitance. The ACF exhibited a specific capacitance of 117.84 F·g^–1 at 0.5 A·g^–1 in a 6 M KOH electrolyte and maintained 81.11% of its capacitance at 10 A·g^–1. The precursor CLP is more cost-effective and involves a simpler process. The resulting ACF not only provides significant specific capacitance at a relatively low specific surface area but also demonstrates ultralow resistance and exceptional cycling performance. The capacitance retention and Coulombic efficiency in a symmetric supercapacitor were 97% and 95% after 10,000 cycles, respectively. This study provides important insights into the high-value utilization of CLP and the development of high-performance electrode materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":"8 7","pages":"4516–4526 4516–4526"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}