Zhoutian Chen,Yuxi Yue,Yafeng Wang,Weiqian Xu,Yushi Gao,Jiayi Jin,Bin Su,Guangzhong Ma
{"title":"Confocal-Detection Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy for Three-Dimensional Imaging of Electrochemical Reaction Fields","authors":"Zhoutian Chen,Yuxi Yue,Yafeng Wang,Weiqian Xu,Yushi Gao,Jiayi Jin,Bin Su,Guangzhong Ma","doi":"10.1021/jacs.6c18981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6c18981","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging is an important tool for visualizing electrochemical reactions and is generally performed by wide-field microscopy, which efficiently collects weak emission. The price of this high photon-collection efficiency, however, is that axial information is collapsed into a depth-integrated projection, preventing three-dimensional (3D) visualization. Confocal detection is attractive for 3D ECL imaging because it can distinguish emission from different focal planes, yet its application to ECL has not been systematically explored, mainly because of the limited photon output of ECL reactions. Here, we construct a confocal-detection ECL (CD-ECL) microscopy platform and identify three factors that make CD-ECL difficult: the low efficiency of ECL reactions, which limits photon generation; the optical trade-off between photon collection and spatiotemporal resolution; and the intrinsic instability of ECL reactions, which causes the emission intensity to change during confocal scanning. To address these problems, we first built a shared-objective configuration to compare confocal and wide-field ECL detection. We then optimized the ECL reaction conditions to increase photon generation, examined the trade-off between photon number and spatiotemporal resolution, and developed cyclic volumetric acquisition (CVA) to reduce the influence of temporal intensity variations. Under the optimized conditions, CD-ECL produced 3D images of emission around graphite-felt electrodes and followed the time-dependent evolution of the ECL reaction field. These results establish a confocal optical-detection route to 3D ECL imaging and provide a proof-of-concept basis for depth-dependent and time-resolved measurements under photon-limited conditions.","PeriodicalId":49,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149368299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ke Luo,Xin Zhang,Yiming Zhang,Kun Yang,Qiang Liu,Zebing Zeng,Qing He
{"title":"Ion-Pair Receptors Couple Cation Binding with Molecular Electron Storage for Room-Temperature Birch-Type Reduction","authors":"Ke Luo,Xin Zhang,Yiming Zhang,Kun Yang,Qiang Liu,Zebing Zeng,Qing He","doi":"10.1021/jacs.6c16532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6c16532","url":null,"abstract":"The Birch reduction provides a powerful route to partially dearomatized products from aromatic precursors, but classical protocols rely on highly reactive solvated electrons generated from alkali metals in cryogenic liquid ammonia, offering limited molecular control over reducing equivalents. Here we show that ion-pair receptors couple Na+ binding with molecular electron storage within electron-deficient diimide-based π-frameworks. Reduction with sodium generates persistent sodium-associated radical-anion ion pairs in which the unpaired electron is delocalized predominantly over the π-accepting framework. Time-dependent UV–vis and EPR measurements establish persistence of the representative Na+·IP-4•– state in THF at room temperature under an inert atmosphere. Control experiments show that covalent integration of the Na+-binding and electron-accepting domains markedly enhances reduced-state persistence and productive electron transfer relative to the isolated components or their noncovalent combination. The resulting molecularly stored reducing equivalents enable room-temperature Birch-type reductions of polycyclic aromatic substrates in high yields using unprecedented catalytic receptor loadings. These results establish coupled cation binding and molecular electron storage as a supramolecular strategy for regulating highly reducing equivalents in solution-phase dearomatization chemistry.","PeriodicalId":49,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149368304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feng Chen,Benjamin A. Jackson,Boda Yang,Iljun Chung,Hui Shi,Manish Shetty,Mal-Soon Lee,Wenda Hu,Jian Zhi Hu,Rachit Khare,Donald M. Camaioni,Oliver Y. Gutiérrez,Huamin Wang,Sungmin Kim,Johannes A. Lercher
{"title":"Molecular Origins of Solvent Effects in Cyclohexanol Dehydration on H-BEA Zeolite","authors":"Feng Chen,Benjamin A. Jackson,Boda Yang,Iljun Chung,Hui Shi,Manish Shetty,Mal-Soon Lee,Wenda Hu,Jian Zhi Hu,Rachit Khare,Donald M. Camaioni,Oliver Y. Gutiérrez,Huamin Wang,Sungmin Kim,Johannes A. Lercher","doi":"10.1021/jacs.6c16178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6c16178","url":null,"abstract":"Solvents can substantially alter reaction rates by modifying the thermodynamic states of substrates and the free-energy landscapes of elementary steps in acid-catalyzed reactions. Cyclohexanol dehydration within BEA-type zeolite was investigated experimentally and theoretically to elucidate solvent effects on elementary steps. Adsorbed alcohol monomers and dimers were identified in acetone, cyclohexanol, 1,4-dioxane, methanol, and decalin. Hydrated hydronium ions formed in water at Brønsted acid sites (BAS), while solvents interact with protonated cyclohexanol. Kinetic H/D isotope effects (KIE) revealed solvent-dependent rate-determining steps of C–O cleavage (KIE < 2) in acetone, 1,4-dioxane, and decalin, while C–H cleavage (KIE > 2) dominates in water and methanol. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations showed that acetone induces dissociation of protonated cyclohexanol from BAS to form solvated cyclohexanol-acetone complexes, whereas 1,4-dioxane and decalin leave the alcohol bound to the framework, providing a molecular-level rationale for higher dehydration rates in acetone. Solvation in acetone, 1,4-dioxane, and methanol destabilizes the initial state (excess chemical potential) by 11–13 kJ/mol, compared to 6–7 kJ/mol in water and decalin. The excess chemical potential of the transition state correlates well with the free-energy barrier of the rate-determining step. The excess chemical potential of C–O cleavage transition states in acetone, 1,4-dioxane, and decalin shows greater stabilization (−21 to −11 kJ/mol) than C–H cleavage in water and methanol (−5 to −1 kJ/mol). The combined initial-state and transition-state (de)stabilization yields reaction rates up to 3 orders of magnitude higher in acetone compared to water and decalin.","PeriodicalId":49,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149368408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Embedded Plasticization Strategy for Flexible Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Polymers with High Luminance","authors":"Zhao Yang,Wenkang Shi,Cheng Li,Yuang Liu,Zihan Xiong,Zhihao Shao,Jiuyang Wei,Wei Wen,Hanlin Wang,Zhiyuan Zhao,Yunlong Guo,Yunqi Liu","doi":"10.1021/jacs.6c15384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6c15384","url":null,"abstract":"Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) polymers offer the theoretical advantage of achieving 100% internal quantum efficiency. Together with their solution processability, TADF polymers are promising candidates for flexible display technologies. However, emissive polymers that simultaneously combine efficient TADF emission with mechanical flexibility remain rare. Here, we report an embedded plasticized linker strategy for mechanically compliant TADF polymers. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based flexible segments are covalently incorporated into acridine–benzophenone–carbazole polymer backbones. This “TADF unit + plasticized linker” design preserves the donor–acceptor electronic structure required for delayed fluorescence while introducing flexibility into the emissive polymer framework. The resulting polymers exhibit small singlet–triplet energy gaps, clear delayed fluorescence, and favorable film deformability. The deformation behavior of the neat polymer films was evaluated on PDMS substrates under an applied substrate strain of 75%. Notably, the optimized rigid organic light-emitting diode (OLED) based on PIDC(2,7)-EO achieves a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 20.1% and a high luminance of 85 988 cd m–2. This luminance value is among the highest reported for polymer-based TADF OLEDs. Flexible OLEDs fabricated on flexible substrates further deliver a maximum EQE of 14.7%. These results demonstrate efficient electroluminescence from flexible device architectures. This work establishes embedded plasticized linkers as an effective molecular design strategy for high-performance mechanically flexible TADF polymers. This strategy provides a promising route toward next-generation flexible OLED technologies.","PeriodicalId":49,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149368301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xueying Li,Jianbin Zhong,Ruoshui Luo,Jesse Velasco,Xiaowen Cui,Zhiguo Wang,Junping Xie,Pingzhi Zhang,Zhihai Liu,Yong Pei,Jiajia Wang,Xianshao Zou,Oleg V. Prezhdo,Wei Li
{"title":"Maximizing the Photocatalytic Performance of Covalent Organic Frameworks by Decoupling Charge Separation and Recombination via Guest π-Conjugation","authors":"Xueying Li,Jianbin Zhong,Ruoshui Luo,Jesse Velasco,Xiaowen Cui,Zhiguo Wang,Junping Xie,Pingzhi Zhang,Zhihai Liu,Yong Pei,Jiajia Wang,Xianshao Zou,Oleg V. Prezhdo,Wei Li","doi":"10.1021/jacs.6c15047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6c15047","url":null,"abstract":"Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising candidates for solar-driven photocatalysis; however, simultaneously achieving ultrafast electron–hole separation and suppressed charge recombination remains challenging. Here, we demonstrated a theory-guided design of high-performance host–guest COFs by tuning π-conjugation of embedded guest molecules. Combining many-body nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations based on linear response time-dependent density functional theory with transient spectroscopy and photocatalytic experiments, we elucidate the microscopic mechanisms governing excited-state dynamics in these systems. Our simulations suggest that increasing guest π-conjugation enables subpicosecond hole transfer from the COF host to the guest molecules by lowering the acceptor excitation energy and enhancing the density of acceptor states. Simultaneously, charge recombination is strongly suppressed through two synergistic effects. First, highly π-conjugated guests enhance low-frequency structural fluctuations and excited-state energetic disorder, thereby accelerating quantum decoherence. Second, increased guest π-conjugation promotes spatial separation of electrons and holes, while stronger instantaneous structural fluctuations under ambient conditions further localize charge carriers. These effects reduce electron–hole overlap and nonadiabatic coupling and markedly slow recombination relative to less conjugated systems. Femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy supports the predicted guest-dependent differences in early excited-state dynamics. Guided by these mechanistic insights, we demonstrate experimentally that COFs incorporating highly conjugated guest molecules exhibit superior photocatalytic performance, achieving up to 97.38% conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural with excellent product selectivity. The work establishes a molecular-level understanding of how guest properties govern excited-state dynamics in host–guest COFs and provides general design principles for developing high-performance photocatalysts.","PeriodicalId":49,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149368412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interfacial Electric Field Dynamically Confined Enzyme Self-Adaptation in Covalent Organic Framework Heterojunctions for Photoenzymatic Catalysis","authors":"Jinde Cai,Xiuling Ji,Boxia Guo,Hongguang Zhang,Wanrong Dong,Jinguang Hu,Yao Chen,Yuhong Huang,Suojiang Zhang","doi":"10.1021/jacs.6c13540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6c13540","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial photoenzymatic synthesis systems based on 1,4-NADH-dependent enzymes are challenged by unclear interfacial interactions and limited stability. Inspired by the ordered assembly and Z-scheme electron transfer mechanism in natural photosynthesis, we constructed an enzyme self-adaptive covalent organic frameworks (COFs) immobilization platform featuring a built-in electric field and a targeted Z-scheme electron transfer pathway. The CT-COF@Py-COF served as a mechanical scaffold for in situ encapsulation of reductases at the heterojunction interface, where electrostatic interactions, π–π stacking, and the ensuing formation of an interfacial electric field (IEF) collectively facilitated enzyme encapsulation. Moreover, IEF drove the conformational self-adaptation of encapsulated reductases and promoted directional charge transfer across the Z-scheme heterojunction, which synergistically enhanced catalytic activity and operational stability. The IEF-integrated system, paired with various dehydrogenases, enabled the efficient synthesis of pharmaceutical precursors under visible light. In a continuous-flow reactor, the encapsulated dehydrogenase retained approximately 88% of its initial-cycle glycine-production activity after eight cycles and exhibited a 7.18-fold increase in lactate yield when coupled with light-driven 1,4-NADH regeneration. This study provides a platform that utilizes IEF to dynamically confine enzymes’ self-adaptation in COF heterojunctions for photoenzymatic synthesis of high-value products.","PeriodicalId":49,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149368413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claire E. Grigglestone,Alannah S. MacDonald,Vincent Freiburghaus,Minh Sang Huynh,Cheryl H. Arrowsmith,Linda Z. Penn,Nina Hartrampf
{"title":"On-Resin P(V) Polyphosphorylation of Serine, Threonine, and Tyrosine","authors":"Claire E. Grigglestone,Alannah S. MacDonald,Vincent Freiburghaus,Minh Sang Huynh,Cheryl H. Arrowsmith,Linda Z. Penn,Nina Hartrampf","doi":"10.1021/jacs.6c17608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6c17608","url":null,"abstract":"Protein phosphorylation is the most abundant post-translational modification (PTM) and plays a central role in regulating biological processes. Attaining discretely polyphosphorylated peptides is an open challenge. Their chemical synthesis relies on coupling of phosphorylated amino acid building blocks, which suffer from base-mediated elimination and incomplete couplings, or postsynthesis functionalization via a global phosphoramidite approach, which is prone to side reactions during oxidation. Herein, we developed an on-resin phosphorylation that utilizes a protected and activated phosphorus(V) species. This method gave ≥95% conversion for monophosphorylation of serine, threonine, and tyrosine and tolerated oxidation-sensitive methionine, cysteine, and tryptophan residues. Up to five phosphorylations were installed site-selectively, with superior performance to building block approaches, and it remained effective on sequences up to 83 residues. With an efficient method for site-selective polyphosphorylation established, the specificity of antibodies directed against phosphorylated variants of the oncoprotein MYC was evaluated. These antibodies are often used for evaluating the role of phosphorylation sites (phosphosites) in regulating MYC in cancer. Although all antibodies maintained selectivity for their specific phosphosite, binding varied upon additional phosphorylation sites around the epitope, underscoring the need for careful validation of antibodies to prevent misinterpretation. Overall, this strategy enables efficient access to complex, defined polyphosphorylated peptides for future investigations into the biological roles of phosphorylation sites on MYC, and provides a broadly applicable method for the synthesis of precisely (poly)phosphorylated peptides and proteins.","PeriodicalId":49,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149368415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dissecting the Influence of Molecular Charge on Hydrophobicity","authors":"Ben Iddon,Christopher A. Hunter","doi":"10.1021/jacs.6c19996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6c19996","url":null,"abstract":"Interactions of hydrophobic environments and ionic solutes are important in a range of biological processes, but the effect of molecular charge on hydrophobicity remains opaque. The interaction of isostructural solutes with the hydrophobic cavity of a cyclodextrin (γ-CD) in water was used to directly compare the hydrophobicities of anionic, neutral, and cationic species. Complex formation between γ-CD and PPh4+, BPh4– and a neutral analogue (CPh4 derivative) was investigated by ITC and NMR spectroscopy at different temperatures. The anion and neutral analogue bind γ-CD with similar association constants, but binding of the cation is 104-fold weaker. The thermodynamic signatures ΔH° and ΔCp° are similar for the anion and neutral analogue, but quite different for the cation. There is almost perfect entropy-enthalpy compensation in all three cases, but binding of the anion and neutral analogue is enthalpy-driven, while binding of the cation is entropy-driven. Substituents increase the affinity of tetraarylborates (up to 108 M–1, the highest reported value for native cyclodextrins), and substituent effects correlate well with the Hansch hydrophobicity parameter. In reversed-phase HPLC experiments that provide an alternative measure of hydrophobicity, the behavior of BPh4– is again similar to CPh4 and quite different from PPh4+, which is less retained by hydrophobic stationary phases. Asymmetry in the behavior of ions has implications for understanding partition coefficients of charged compounds, dipole potentials in lipid membranes, and the chaotropic effect. The experiments indicate that aqueous solvation of organic cations is much stronger than that of organic anions (by >20 kJ mol–1 for tetraphenyl compounds).","PeriodicalId":49,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149368407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"X-Shaped Multichannel Conjugation Enabled by Excited-State Aromaticity","authors":"Xin Jin,Guangyao Li,Chuanxin Yang,Zhiyun Zhang,Jianhua Su,He Tian","doi":"10.1021/jacs.6c15627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6c15627","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular topology governs the photophysical properties of polycyclic π-conjugated systems by defining their effective conjugation pathways. Conventionally, linear π-extension is considered more effective than angular extension in increasing the effective conjugation length and narrowing the optical bandgap. Here we uncover an inverse topology–property relationship in π-extended dihydrophenazines (DHPs): linear extension unexpectedly blueshifts fluorescence, whereas angular extension produces pronounced redshifts. Transient spectroscopy, theoretical calculations and aromaticity analyses reveal that Baird aromaticity–driven planarization of the DHP core redistributes π-delocalization in the S1 state, causing linear fusion to disrupt global π-delocalization and shorten the effective conjugation length, while angular fusion promotes cooperative delocalization across the fused framework and extends it. Successive angular fusion progressively activates four structurally distinct π-extension branches through the shared Baird-aromatic DHP core, generating an X-shaped multichannel conjugation network. These findings reveal how excited-state aromaticity reprograms conjugation topology, offering new insights for controlling π-delocalization and emission.","PeriodicalId":49,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149368305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantized Photocatalysis Using Bandgap-Engineered Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals","authors":"Manish Mukherjee,Prashant V. Kamat","doi":"10.1021/jacs.6c16299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6c16299","url":null,"abstract":"Size quantization in semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) offers a convenient way to tune their bandgap and energy levels of conduction and valence bands. We have now employed a room-temperature synthesis of CsPbBr3 and CsPbI3 quantum dots, with sizes from 5 to 13.5 nm, to probe hole transfer to p-phenylenediamine and m-phenylenediamine. The apparent hole-transfer rate constants, as estimated from transient absorption spectroscopy measurements, indicate a strong dependence on QD size. The shift in the valence-band energy with decreasing QD size increases the driving force (−ΔG) for hole transfer. The apparent hole-transfer rate constants, which vary in the range of (1.5 ± 0.2) – (17.3 ± 0.6) × 1010 s–1 exhibit a dependence on the energy difference between the QD valence band energy and the oxidation potential of the hole acceptor. This dependence of the rate constants further establishes the normal and inverted regions, as expected from Marcus electron-transfer theory. The ability to modulate charge-transfer rate constants through size control paves the way for tailoring the performance of quantized photocatalytic systems.","PeriodicalId":49,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","volume":"260 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2026-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149368303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}