Journal of the History of the Neurosciences最新文献_第4页

Charcot's erroneous double-semidecussation scheme for the retinocortical visual pathways. 沙尔科关于视网膜皮层视觉通路的错误双分割方案。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2380640

Douglas J Lanska

{"title":"Charcot's erroneous double-semidecussation scheme for the retinocortical visual pathways.","authors":"Douglas J Lanska","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2380640","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2380640","url":null,"abstract":"Jean-Martin Charcot, often lauded for his seminal contributions, is seldom critiqued for his blunders. One such blunder was his double-semidecussation scheme for the retinocortical visual pathways, proposed in 1875 to explain, on neuroanatomic grounds, cases of hysteria that manifest hysterical amblyopia accompanied with ipsilateral hemianaesthesia. Charcot's scheme was inconsistent with the older, broadly correct scheme of Prussian ophthalmologist Albrecht von Gräfe. Charcot failed to perform clinicopathologic correlation studies. His analysis relied on a series of mistaken conclusions he made in conjunction with Swiss-French ophthalmologist Edmund Landolt: (1) only an optic tract lesion could produce a homonymous hemianopsia; (2) cerebral lesions, if they ever produced homonymous hemianopsia, did so by secondary effects (e.g. pressure) on the optic tracts; and (3) damage to the cortical projections from the lateral geniculate produces a crossed amblyopia. Challenges to Charcot's theory came from within France by 1880. By 1882, Charcot recognized that his scheme was erroneous, and he approved a thesis by his pupil Charles Féré that reverted to Gräfe's scheme with an ill-conceived modification to accommodate Charcot's concept of hysterical cerebral amblyopia. A critique by American neurologist Moses Starr in 1884 argued for Gräfe's scheme and refuted Charcot's erroneous scheme and its subsequent derivatives.","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"154-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Charcot and hallucinations: A study in insight and blindness. 沙尔科与幻觉：洞察力与盲目性研究

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2391693

Gilles Fénelon

{"title":"Charcot and hallucinations: A study in insight and blindness.","authors":"Gilles Fénelon","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2391693","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2391693","url":null,"abstract":"Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) showed little interest in mental disorders, the domain of nineteenth-century alienists. But hallucinations are not confined to the field of psychiatry, and Charcot, who had once tested the hallucinogenic effects of hashish in his youth, went on to describe hallucinations in the course of various neurological conditions as just another semiological element. Most of his or his disciples' writings on hallucinations can be found in his work on hysteria. Hallucinations and delusions were part of \"grand hysteria\" and occurred at the end of the attack (third or fourth phase). Hypnosis or chemical agents could also induce hallucinations. Charcot and his disciples did not go so far as to emphasize the importance of hallucinations when they evoked past trauma, especially sexual trauma. Charcot's materialistic orientation led him and his disciples-especially D. M. Bourneville (1840-1909), G. Gilles de la Tourette (1857-1904), and the neurologist and artist P. Richer (1849-1833)-to seek hysteria in artistic representations of \"possessed women\" and in the visions of nuns and mystics. Finally, Charcot recognized the importance of hallucinations in neurological semiology, by means of precise and relevant observations scattered throughout his work. Preoccupied with linking hysteria to neurology, Charcot only scratched the surface of the possible significance of hallucinations in this context, paving the way for the work of his students Pierre Janet (1859-1947) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939).","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"109-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Male hysteria in theory and practice: Analyzing patient records of the Tartu Psychiatric Hospital (Estonia), 1881-1895. 男性癔病的理论与实践：分析塔尔图精神病院（爱沙尼亚）的病人记录，1881-1895 年。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-24 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2422052

Anu Rae

{"title":"Male hysteria in theory and practice: Analyzing patient records of the Tartu Psychiatric Hospital (Estonia), 1881-1895.","authors":"Anu Rae","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2422052","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2422052","url":null,"abstract":"During 1881-1895, a small number of male patients-18 in total-were diagnosed with hysteria at the University of Tartu Psychiatric Hospital. Rather than constituting an obscure psychiatric institution on the margins of European medical traditions, Tartu during these years witnessed the arrival of several influential psychiatrists: Hermann Emminghaus (1845-1904), Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926), and Vladimir Chizh (1855-1922). Yet, when comparing patient case records of male hysteria written by doctors who also published journal articles and medical textbooks on the topic, one can detect a clear inconsistency between the theory and practice of psychiatry at an important moment of its formation. Contrary to the simplified characterizations in the textbooks, there was no uniform formulation of male hysteria in the case records. The clinical description differed remarkably, throughout the career of individual doctors, between symptomology presented in a textbook and clinical picture described in a patient record, and between different doctors who practiced in the same clinic during this 15-year period. This study highlights the importance of using patient case records in conjunction with a formal medical treatise to provide new insights and nuances to the intellectual history of hysteria, but also other diagnoses and clinical practice more broadly.","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"288-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Charcot and recent French cinema. 沙尔科与法国近代电影

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2362110

Ariane St-Denis, Rami Massie

{"title":"Charcot and recent French cinema.","authors":"Ariane St-Denis, Rami Massie","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2362110","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2362110","url":null,"abstract":"In the scientific world, Professor Jean-Martin Charcot is known for his contribution to the establishment of the anatomo-clinical method in neurology in Paris at the Salpêtrière hospital. However, media attention in the late 1800s has focused on his work on hysteria. In this article, we aim to review how he has been depicted in two recent French movies: Augustine (2012) and Le Bal des Folles (The Mad Women's Ball) (2021). We will compare his image in those two films to articles at the time of his death and contrast how he is represented in other biographical works. Both in the newspapers and in the movies, Charcot's public lessons and experimental work on hypnosis in hysteria are put forward. The two movies offer a new perspective, as both directors were women, and both movies focus on a woman patient's journey at La Salpêtrière. His depiction remains superficial in Le Bal des Folles, portraying a cold, insensitive, and despotic approach to patients. He plays a more central role in Augustine, in which he develops intimacy with one of his patients and a more human and caring side is displayed, in parallel to his authoritative and meticulous figure. Both movies refer to him as a divine authority, but they also allude to his scientific method. In summary, Charcot's recent representations in cinema add a woman's perspective to life under Charcot at La Salpêtrière, which continues to shape further the image we have of this founder of modern neurology.","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"368-377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141302024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The stone of madness: Charcot's interest in a copy after Pieter Bruegel Sr. as referred to by Henry Meige. 疯狂之石夏尔科对亨利-梅杰（Henry Meige）提到的老彼得-勃鲁盖尔（Pieter Bruegel Sr.）作品的兴趣。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2348421

Peter J Koehler

{"title":"The stone of madness: Charcot's interest in a copy after Pieter Bruegel Sr. as referred to by Henry Meige.","authors":"Peter J Koehler","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2348421","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2348421","url":null,"abstract":"Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) is known to have possessed interesting works of art, e.g. Jan Steen's Marriage at Cana. In 1899, his pupil and colleague Henry Meige (1866-1940) wrote that Charcot had been interested in a painting (after a drawing) by Bruegel, named Les Arracheurs de Pierres de Teste. At the time the painting belonged to Charcot's contemporary Ernest Mesnet (1825-1898). When Charcot visited Mesnet, he offered him a considerable amount of money. The owner did not want to sell it, but promised to leave it to Charcot in his will. As Charcot died earlier than Mesnet, the painting went to the latter's heirs. In 1899, it was possessed by dermatologist dr. Paul de Molènes-Mahon (b. 1857). Meige published an article, in which he criticized the quality of the copy. Surgeon Henri Gaudier (1866-1942) wrote about the original painting in the Museum of St. Omer and confirmed Meige's opinion about the copy. I will illustrate the St. Omer painting and describe Meige's and Gaudier's comments by comparing it with the black & white copy in Meige's 1899 article. My study looks at Charcot as a collector of paintings, which is a minimally studied topic. He may have been interested in the Paris Bruegel copy for clinical and medical-historical reasons, rather than on aesthetic grounds.","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"355-367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Brouillet's Une leçon clinique à la Salpêtrière as an epistemic tool in Charcot's research on hysterical amnesia. 布吕耶的《Une leçon clinique à la Salpêtrière》是沙尔科特研究癔症性遗忘症的认识论工具。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2385231

Paula Muhr

{"title":"Brouillet's Une leçon clinique à la Salpêtrière as an epistemic tool in Charcot's research on hysterical amnesia.","authors":"Paula Muhr","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2385231","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2385231","url":null,"abstract":"Much has been written, mostly in overly critical terms, about Jean-Martin Charcot's use of images in his hysteria research. Besides the images of patients Charcot produced for his clinical research, one other image has preoccupied present-day scholars-André Brouillet's painting Une leçon clinique à la Salpêtrière. Unveiled at the 1887 Salon in Paris, this life-sized painting depicts Charcot lecturing on hysteria to his male audience while presenting a swooning female patient. For many present-day critics, Brouillet's painting symbolizes Charcot's purported misuse of his female hysteria patients. Contrary to such interpretations, this article shows that Brouillet's painting did not merely serve as an iconic visual representation of Charcot's hysteria research but was also used by Charcot as an active epistemic tool in his research on hysterical amnesia. Through a close reading of Charcot's only published lecture on hysterical amnesia, which he held on December 22, 1891, I analyze the process through which Charcot generated new medical insights into hysterical amnesia. I thereby trace the decisive role that Une leçon clinique played in this process.","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"274-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Malcolm Bruce Macmillan (1929-2024). 马尔科姆·布鲁斯·麦克米伦（1929-2024）

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2025.2452242

Nicholas J Wade

引用次数: 0

Neuroanniversary 2025. 2025 年神经周年纪念

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2393959

Paul Eling

引用次数: 0

Early depiction of anterior spinal arteries and veins in André du Laurens's Historia anatomica humani corporis (1600). André du Laurens 的《人体解剖学史》（1600 年）中对脊柱前动脉和静脉的早期描述。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2399535

Philippe Gailloud

引用次数: 0

António Egas Moniz: From pioneering brain imaging to controversial psychosurgery. A 150th birthday celebration. 安东尼奥-埃加斯-莫尼兹：从开创性的脑成像技术到备受争议的精神外科手术。150 周年庆典。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2401469

Larissa Junkes, Marleide da Mota Gomes, Antonio E Nardi

{"title":"António Egas Moniz: From pioneering brain imaging to controversial psychosurgery. A 150th birthday celebration.","authors":"Larissa Junkes, Marleide da Mota Gomes, Antonio E Nardi","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2401469","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2401469","url":null,"abstract":"António Egas Moniz, born in 1874, was a pioneer in neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatry who brought about important changes in the 1920s using groundbreaking brain imaging techniques, such as cerebral angiography. This innovative procedure allowed the visualization of brain structures, leading to many advances in neurology and neurosurgery. Moniz also made noteworthy contributions to psychosurgery, including the development of prefrontal lobotomy. Although initially praised for his inventive techniques, lobotomy sparked ethical debates and public controversies due to its adverse effects and questionable scientific foundation. Moniz's was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1949 and received various honors in Portugal for his scientific, literary, and artistic achievements. His work continues to influence the field of neuroscience, and angiography remains a crucial imaging method for diagnosing and treating brain disorders. Moniz's complex legacy highlights the intricate balance between medical advances, ethical considerations, and public perceptions in the history of medicine.","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"101-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0