Mammal Review最新文献

{"title":"Frugivory by the Crab-Eating Fox (Cerdocyon thous) and Its Seed Dispersal Potential: A Review","authors":"Rodrigo Béllo Carvalho,&nbsp;Liana Chesini Rossi,&nbsp;Marco A. Pizo","doi":"10.1111/mam.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 \u0000 </p><ol>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Despite strong evidence supporting the role of canids as seed dispersers in the Neotropics, they have often been overlooked in seed dispersal studies. The crab-eating fox (<i>Cerdocyon thous</i>) stands out as a key species due to its frequent fruit consumption, generalist habitat use, and wide geographic range.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>This review evaluates current knowledge of <i>C. thous</i> frugivory and seed dispersal, identifying the most frequently consumed fruit species and assessing dispersal performance.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>We conducted a literature review, compiling data from 37 studies on dietary composition, fruit consumption, and seed dispersal performance across <i>C. thous</i> geographical distribution.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Most studies were conducted in the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Pampa. Fruits are frequent in <i>C. thous</i> diet (mean Frequency of Occurrence = 62.3% ± 33.1%, <i>n</i> = 29 studies), with 128 fruit species recorded from 81 genera and 43 families. The most frequently consumed species include <i>Syagrus romanzoffiana</i>, <i>Hovenia dulcis</i>, <i>Psidium guajava</i>, and <i>Solanum lycocarpum</i>. Consumed fruits and seeds range widely in size (4.0–296.0 mm and 0.5–125.0 mm in width, respectively).</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li><i>C. thous</i> is a legitimate disperser: Seeds are defecated intact, remain viable post-ingestion, and gut-passage has neutral effects on germination. It disperses large seeds, such as <i>S. romanzoffiana</i> and <i>Artocarpus heterophyllus</i>, and tends to defecate in open areas, favouring long-distance dispersal.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>These features suggest that <i>C. thous</i> plays a key ecological role, especially in disturbed habitats lacking larger dispersers.</li>\u0000 </ol>\u0000 \u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145891413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scat DNA Applications for Low-Density Carnivore Survey: Techniques, Efficiency and Future Directions","authors":"Marina Elisa de Oliveira,&nbsp;Fernando Gonçalves,&nbsp;Pedro M. Galetti Jr","doi":"10.1111/mam.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Large and mesocarnivores often occur at low densities due to both natural factors and human activities. Consequently, the noninvasive collection of carnivore data, such as scats for genetic analyses, provides a robust alternative to capture-based data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this review, we focussed on low-density carnivores to answer the following questions: What are the applications for scat-derived DNA samples? What is the sampling effort required and how efficient is scat DNA for detecting species compared to other methods? What are the methodological advances in scat DNA analyses?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material &amp; Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We systematicaly compiled the results of 338 studies applying scat DNA as a reliable source of genetic material for a myriad of applications. Most studies were conducted in Asia and Europe, encompassing mainly Felidae, Canidae and Mustelidae species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results and Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In general, studies recommend allowing enough time for scats to accumulate in the field, but collecting before significant DNA degradation occurs. Storage and extraction can be successfully achieved using various methods, although commercial extraction kits have become more widely used over time. However, scat samples show an inherent high variability in amplification success rate. Considering the collection of scats on transects, the average distance travelled to encounter a molecularly identified scat was 6.9 km. Faecal DNA was found to be more and equally efficient in detecting the number of individuals and the species present, respectively, compared to alternative methods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The information presented here should guide new studies focussing on low-density carnivores, providing a basis for more cost-effective surveys and improving data quality for carnivore conservation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mam.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145887322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and Behavioural Strategies of Bats From Arid Environments","authors":"Irene Conenna,&nbsp;Agustí Muñoz-Garcia,&nbsp;Carmi Korine","doi":"10.1111/mam.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mam.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mam.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Water to Land: A Review on the Applications of Environmental DNA and Invertebrate-Derived DNA for Monitoring Terrestrial and Semi-Aquatic Mammals","authors":"Holly A. Broadhurst,&nbsp;Naiara Guimarães Sales,&nbsp;Robert Raynor,&nbsp;Claire Howe,&nbsp;Erinma Ochu,&nbsp;Xavier Lambin,&nbsp;Christopher S. Sutherland,&nbsp;Allan D. McDevitt","doi":"10.1111/mam.70006","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mam.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 \u0000 </p><ol>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Terrestrial and semi-aquatic mammals are facing increasing threats globally, highlighting the need for reliable data on species' occurrence, distribution, and abundance for effective conservation efforts. However, obtaining reliable and robust information over broad spatial and temporal scales remains a significant challenge.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Environmental DNA (eDNA) and invertebrate-derived DNA (iDNA) applications have emerged as powerful surveying methods, with the potential to revolutionise ecological monitoring by improving species detections and providing better insights into mammalian distribution and diversity. While eDNA relies on genetic material shed by species into their surroundings, iDNA leverages DNA from invertebrates that interact with mammals. Both approaches offer a cost-effective means to obtain species records and community diversity metrics.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>This review explores global applications of e/iDNA for surveying terrestrial and semi-aquatic mammals. By providing a comprehensive overview of the applications, sampling design, challenges, and prospects, this review serves as a guide to researchers and conservationists seeking to use eDNA for mammalian conservation efforts.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>By evaluating the current state of e/iDNA applications, this review identifies the challenges and milestones that need to be addressed for these methods to become a practical method for monitoring mammals on a global scale. It highlights the need for further research to enhance the sensitivity and reliability of e/iDNA detections, standardisation of methodologies, and validation through comparison with traditional monitoring methods. This review sheds light on the potential of e/iDNA as valuable tools for aiding mammal conservation and inspiring future research and advancements in this field.</li>\u0000 </ol>\u0000 \u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical Application of Disease Risk Assessment in Native Species Reintroductions: A Case Study of a European Wildcat (Felis silvestris) Population Reinforcement in the Cairngorms National Park","authors":"Alice Bacon,&nbsp;Beatriz S. G. Alves,&nbsp;Simon Girling,&nbsp;Adam Naylor","doi":"10.1111/mam.70004","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mam.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>European wildcats (Felis silvestris) are the recent focus of conservation breeding for reintroduction in the UK. Wildlife translocations pose potential disease risks to translocated individuals, sympatric wildlife, livestock and humans.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted disease risk assessment to inform risk mitigation for the proposed Saving Wildcats reintroduction to the Cairngorms National Park area, Scotland, UK.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A four-step process was followed: 1) translocation pathway definition; 2) hazard identification; 3) risk assessment, and 4) risk management and re-evaluation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The highest risk hazards identified were five infectious diseases; Feline calicivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline parvovirus, feline leukaemia virus and Salmonella species, and three anthropogenic threats; hybridisation with domestic cats, persecution and road traffic accidents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Implementation of mitigation reduced the assessment of these high risk hazards to either medium or low, with the anthropogenic threats, FIV and starvation remaining the highest risks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The risk of introducing significant disease to humans, domestic animals, or wildlife by releasing captive-bred wildcats was assessed as low.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mam.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Drivers of Ocelot Population Density: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Methodological and Ecological Influences","authors":"Henrique Villas Boas Concone,&nbsp;Juliano A. Bogoni,&nbsp;Vinicius Alberici,&nbsp;Anthony J. Giordano,&nbsp;Luiz Gustavo R. Oliveira-Santos,&nbsp;Katia M. P. M. B. Ferraz","doi":"10.1111/mam.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mam.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Camera trapping associated with capture–recapture models is commonly used to estimate wild felid population density, relying on three main frameworks: spatially explicit capture–recapture (SECR) and two non-spatial approaches (CR-MMDM and CR-hMMDM). Methodological differences, inappropriate sampling designs, and/or insufficient data explain some estimate variability, but the biological factors underpinning this remain undetermined. Prey availability, habitat suitability, and body size may all interact and influence carnivoran population size and density.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to (1) survey ocelot population density data and summarise information on study designs, methodological approaches, and results, (2) evaluate the relationships between them, (3) disentangle methodological and ecological effects on population density estimates, and (4) provide guidance to improve study design and reporting.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials &amp; Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our systematic review discovered 51 studies reporting 228 ocelot population density estimates from 65 sites across 13 countries. We collated ocelot body mass data (BM) and used forest canopy height (GFCH) as a surrogate for habitat suitability, as well as gross primary productivity seasonality (GPP variation) as a proxy for prey availability. Using a meta-analytical framework, we created models to (1) determine mean ocelot population density in the Neotropics and to assess the effects of (2) methodological and (3) ecological variables on population density estimates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mean population density was 20.3/100 km², with significant differences among methods. SECR and CR-MMDM yielded comparable estimates (16.6/100 km² and 18.9/100 km², respectively), while CR-hMMDM produced higher estimates (27.3/100 km²). We found significant positive and negative effects of GFCH and BM, respectively, and a marginally significant negative effect of GPP variation on estimates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ocelots thrive in forests with higher canopies, but their population density is limited by local habitat seasonality. Morphological differences further influence variation, with small-bodied populations attaining higher population densities under similar ecological conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on our findings, we provide guideline","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential for Subordinate Predator Release in Terrestrial Mammalian Carnivore Assemblages","authors":"Emily K. Madsen,&nbsp;Shreya Ray,&nbsp;Lisanne Petracca,&nbsp;Jan F. Kamler","doi":"10.1111/mam.70003","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mam.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mam.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sperm Whales—Island Specialists, Are They on the Way to Extinction? Systematic Literature Review in a Global Context","authors":"Svetlana Barteneva-Vitry,&nbsp;Chandani Appadoo,&nbsp;Stephanie Plön","doi":"10.1111/mam.70000","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mam.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sperm whale population units, resident off inhabited islands, are an important source of ecosystem services for local communities and may be subject to greater anthropogenic pressures than their oceanic conspecifics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objectives of this review were to identify sperm whale-island specialists' habitats around the world and to assess the level of anthropogenic pressure on such nearshore populations. The hypothesis was that sperm whales with this ecological specialisation are rare and that the negative impacts they experience living close to inhabited shores may be also exacerbated by Anthropogenic Allee effect.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials &amp; Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study was conducted using a systematic literature review, following the principles recommended by the PRISMA guidelines, with a scoping of records of the presence of sperm whale social units in the territorial waters of countries around the world published between 2003 and 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results &amp; Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A review of 422 relevant research papers revealed only two places in the world where sperm whales with an island ecological specialisation exist, and there are negative trends in both. Such population units experience cumulative anthropogenic pressures 1.7–1.8 times higher than oceanic ones. The charisma and media popularity of sperm whales, combined with the rarity of observation sites for this species, may increase pressure, potentially accelerating their extinction (Anthropogenic Allee Effect). The results of the study are presented in the form of a narrative synthesis, tables and a map.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Determining the ecological specialisation of sperm whale population units should be a key component of management at both the local and species level. Exploitation of ecosystem services provided by island specialists should be strictly regulated in favour of sustainability, in order to preserve this rare ecological type.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological Interactions of Terrestrial Mammals in the Chihuahuan Desert: A Systematic Map","authors":"Angela A. Camargo-Sanabria,&nbsp;Jesús A. Fernández,&nbsp;Nathalie S. Hernández-Quiroz,&nbsp;Diana L. Buitrago-Torres,&nbsp;Fernando Álvarez-Córdova","doi":"10.1111/mam.70001","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mam.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 \u0000 </p><ol>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>The Chihuahuan Desert (CD) spans 11 Mexican and three U.S. states, covering 629,000 km² of mountain systems and lowland basins. In this extreme environment, mammals have evolved physiological and behavioural adaptations to minimise water loss. However, their survival as individuals and species also depends on the interactions they establish over time and space. In this sense, while some ecological interactions between terrestrial mammals in the CD have been studied, our understanding of these complex networks remains unclear coupled with the lack of basic trophic relationship information for some species.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>We conducted a systematic literature review in English and Spanish using the PRISMA protocol, searching major scientific databases for studies on ecological interactions among mammals in the CD. We used broad keyword combinations and performed several screenings.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>We found a growing trend in studies conducted between 1946 and 2021 (<i>n</i> = 200), with at least one interaction recorded for 81% of the 101 terrestrial mammals in the CD. Predation and herbivory had the most records, and we observed a geographic bias in the spatial distribution of studies towards the northern CD. Rodentia and Carnivora had more information, while Eulipotyphla and Cingulata were understudied.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Many terrestrial mammals participate in multiple interactions in the desert, yet several species remain poorly studied, and many trophic relationships and indirect interactions are largely unknown.</li>\u0000 </ol>\u0000 \u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation Blind Spots: Scenarios for Assessing the Exposure Risk of Brazilian Mammals to Pesticides","authors":"Érica Fernanda Gonçalves Gomes-de-Sá,&nbsp;Gabriela Fernanda da Silva Ferreira,&nbsp;Anna Carolina Figueiredo de Albuquerque,&nbsp;Vinícius Araújo Costa,&nbsp;Henrique Villas Boas Concone,&nbsp;Natan Diego Alves de Freitas,&nbsp;Mayara Guimarães Beltrão,&nbsp;Patrício Adriano da Rocha,&nbsp;Pedro Cordeiro-Estrela","doi":"10.1111/mam.12386","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mam.12386","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 \u0000 </p><ol>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Brazil is a large agricultural producer and a megadiverse country. In this context, the use of pesticides poses risks to non-target species, including wild mammals.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) for pesticides has been adopted by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Brazil has yet to present a pesticide risk assessment for vertebrates.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>To design an ERA for Brazilian mammals, data is needed on the occurrence and distribution of species within and outside crops and agroecosystem types, their biological characteristics and life history traits.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>We analyse a comprehensive dataset of mammal occurrences in Brazilian agroecosystems. We identify the main crops studied, review if pesticides were listed as threats for mammals endangered of extinction and discuss mammal traits that lead to pesticide exposure across agroecosystems.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>We show that 54% of terrestrial mammals in Brazil occur in agroecosystems (319/716), with 64.3% (205/319) of these found in crop. Most studies registered mammals in large-scale monocultures, such as annual croplands, tree plantations and pasture grazing. Small farming emerges as an important knowledge gap. We found 25 species threatened with extinction (Critically Endangered, Endangered, and Vulnerable) occurring in crop in Brazilian agroecosystems.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Concerning ERA for Brazilian agricultural scenarios, in the screening tier process, it is suggested to use an indicator model species (IMS) with the following traits: terrestrial, crepuscular, and large body mass for pasture-grazing, tree plantations and annual croplands. Conversely, in agroforestry and perennial crop agroecosystems, we recommend considering at least one IMS with arboreal habits and a frugivorous and/or nectarivorous diet. Furthermore, in Tier 1, we recommend that a generic model species (GMS) emconpassing carnivorous and herbivorous mammals should be considered in pasture-grazing systems, tree plantations and annual cropland. In agroforests and perennial croplands, GMS that represent the diet of frugivorous and nectarivorous mammals should be prioritised.</li>\u0000 </ol>\u0000 \u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}