Mammal Review最新文献

{"title":"Dehnel's Phenomenon in Mammals","authors":"Jan R. E. Taylor,&nbsp;Cecilia Baldoni,&nbsp;Dina K. N. Dechmann","doi":"10.1111/mam.70032","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mam.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Though Dehnel's phenomenon is intuitively fascinating, it remains poorly understood. It entails seasonal, summer-to-winter shrinking and then regrowth of many tissues and organs, including significant changes in the skull and brain in a small handful of species with year-round activity and high metabolic rates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The availability of new methods has led to renewed interest and resulting knowledge making a review timely.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We carried out a comprehensive review of the literature, resulting in a complete dataset for all currently known species showing Dehnel's phenomenon.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on this review, both long-term climate and short-term environmental variables do not only drive patterns but also modify the extent of the phenomenon. New methods such as modern imaging, metabolomics, and genomics have given us a deeper understanding of Dehnel's phenomenon and open up avenues for understanding the evolution of this phenomenon and applied medical research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conclude with recommendations about future directions of research, including a checklist for traits to identify species that might potentially show this phenomenon.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mam.70032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147684295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying and Quantifying Conflicts Between Humans and Terrestrial Mammals in Great Britain","authors":"Kate L. Palphramand,&nbsp;Daniel A. Warren,&nbsp;Graham C. Smith,&nbsp;Dave Cowan","doi":"10.1111/mam.70031","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mam.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Interactions between humans and wildlife often cause conflict, and identifying these is essential for informed decision-making.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified conflicts associated with British terrestrial mammals to assess their impacts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a literature review to identify relevant articles, categorised as economic, health, environmental or social, which were ranked using a Generic Impact Scoring System (GISS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results and Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified 48 species associated with 200 conflicts. Sika deer were involved in the most conflicts. The highest ranked conflicts were measurable on an economic scale (involving rabbits, badgers, brown rats, grey squirrels), with the total estimated cost of economic conflicts exceeding £0.5 billion. The most common conflicts were reservoirs of disease and zoonotic disease, with non-native species scoring statistically higher than native species for the latter. Generally, we scored these conflicts low, deemed localised and mild, but highlighted the importance of surveillance to monitor disease spread. Potential impact increased as a function of biomass and population size; therefore, a GISS may identify species capable of expanding beyond their current range, such as recently reintroduced beavers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Recommendations</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A GISS is useful for identifying conflict species, but there is the need to understand the value of British wildlife. We identified costs-to-benefit trade-offs for several high-impact species, which underlie human-conflict and/or coexistence and are critical for informed decision-making. As one in four British mammal species face local extinction, the emphasis could encourage focus away from conflict resolution to acceptance and/or tolerance where wildlife and people coexist.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mam.70031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147684060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomic Diversity Assessment, Distribution and Conservation Status of Cricetidae in Mexico","authors":"Mario C. Lavariega,&nbsp;Claudia Ballesteros Barrera,&nbsp;Beatriz C. Luna Olivera,&nbsp;Oswaldo Téllez Valdés,&nbsp;Natalia Martín Regalado","doi":"10.1111/mam.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Cricetidae family (Rodentia: Mammalia) is one of the most diverse and widespread mammalian groups, exhibiting significant morphological, behavioural and ecological variation. In Mexico, it represents approximately one-third of the mammal fauna and half of the endemic species, yet an updated assessment of its status has been lacking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides a current synthesis of the taxonomy, distribution, and conservation status of cricetid rodents in Mexico.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from scientific literature and conservation databases—including the IUCN Red List and Mexico's NOM-059—were systematically analysed to compile an updated inventory.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results and Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We report 162 species and 262 subspecies in Mexico, an 11% rise in species from the previous decade, with 58% of species and 72% of subspecies endemic. Diversity follows a clear altitudinal gradient, peaking in montane regions. Conservation assessments show that 60% of evaluated species (~80% of known fauna) are globally threatened (IUCN), while Mexico's NOM-059 lists 23% at risk and recognises two extinct species. Field studies indicate five additional species face near-term extinction from habitat loss, exotic species and competition. Endemic taxa have lost 34%–40% of their habitat on average, with high-elevation species being highly vulnerable to climate change. Furthermore, 45 taxa require taxonomic revision, which could significantly increase recognised species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Therefore, the number of species is expected to rise notably while subspecies count declines. Advances in taxonomy are essential to reduce the Linnean shortfall and inform conservation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeing Through the “Clouds” With Molecular “Eyes”. First eDNA-Based Detections of Pygmy Sperm Whale (Kogia breviceps) in the Mediterranean Sea","authors":"Elena Valsecchi,&nbsp;Alessia Rota,&nbsp;Graziella Pupillo,&nbsp;Natalia Fraija-Fernández,&nbsp;Juan-Antonio Raga,&nbsp;Fulvio Maffucci,&nbsp;Paolo Galli,&nbsp;Antonella Arcangeli","doi":"10.1111/mam.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The pygmy sperm whale (<i>Kogia breviceps</i>) is globally distributed but considered absent in the Mediterranean Sea, with no confirmed sightings to date. Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis offers a non-invasive, cost-effective, and highly sensitive tool for detecting marine species where direct observation is challenging.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An extensive eDNA metabarcoding analysis was conducted on 393 samples collected during the LIFE-CONCEPTU MARIS multidisciplinary monitoring programme (October 2022–October 2024). Mitochondrial 12S-rDNA and 16S-rDNA amplicons were compared with reference databases and with sequences from stranded <i>Kogia</i> individuals from Atlantic regions adjacent to the Mediterranean and from the Mediterranean itself to ensure robust species identification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At least five independent detections of <i>K. breviceps</i> were recorded from Gibraltar to the Tyrrhenian Sea. Repeated signals and high read abundance support detection reliability. Spatio-temporal patterns and haplotype diversity suggest the presence of multiple individuals, possible seasonal occurrence, with detections significantly associated with nocturnal sampling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study provides the first molecular detection of <i>K. breviceps</i> in the Mediterranean and shows that eDNA is effective in detecting the species, possibly facilitated by the release of DNA-rich defensive fluids characteristic of the genus. The lack of visual records likely reflects limited surface activity and historical exclusion from Mediterranean cetacean check-lists, suggesting that some unidentified small-cetacean sightings may correspond to this species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Synthesis and Recommendations</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlights the value of integrated molecular, acoustic and visual monitoring and recommends enhancing multidisciplinary monitoring frameworks to better understand the distribution and ecology of this poorly known, rare and elusive species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mam.70028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regions of Climatic Stability for Neotropical Primates","authors":"Thairik Mateus Silva Marques,&nbsp;Roniel Freitas-Oliveira,&nbsp;Lucas Lacerda Caldas Zanini Jardim,&nbsp;Flávia de Figueiredo Machado,&nbsp;André Felipe Alves de Andrade,&nbsp;Thadeu Sobral-Souza,&nbsp;Levi Carina Terribile","doi":"10.1111/mam.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mapping areas of climatic stability represents a critical strategy for the maintenance and conservation of biodiversity-rich environments in the face of ongoing climate change. Neotropical primates are among the most sensitive taxa to climatic shifts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Given the significant threat posed by climate change and the high species richness in the Neotropical region, we aimed to: (1) identify climatically stable areas in the Neotropics through time (1970–2000 and 2061–2080); (2) examine the relationship between climatic stability and patterns of primate endemism and species richness; and (3) assess uncertainties associated with modelling components.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We built Ecological Niche Models (ENMs) for 92 species of New World primates, projecting their potential distributions under future climatic scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A large climatically stable area was identified in the Amazon and parts of the Andes, regions characterised by forested habitats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Areas of highest primate richness and endemism overlapped with climatically stable areas. Our results also suggest that climatic suitability uncertainty varies primarily among species, whereas climatic models contribute the least to overall uncertainty.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings underscore the crucial role of climatically stable environments in sustaining primate diversity patterns across the Neotropical region and highlight the importance of incorporating such areas into conservation strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mam.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Home Range and Habitat Selection of Chamois: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Konstantinos Papakostas,&nbsp;Roberta Chirichella,&nbsp;Marco Apollonio,&nbsp;Vassiliki Kati","doi":"10.1111/mam.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chamois (<i>Rupicapra</i> spp.) are widely distributed across Europe and parts of Asia (ten subspecies). Studies on their distribution and habitat selection account for less than 10% of the literature on the genus, and existing research disproportionately focuses on the Alpine chamois (<i>R. r. rupicapra</i>).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We explored the chamois home range patterns and habitat selection drivers, trends in methodological data collection and analysis tools, and research gaps.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a systematic search (PRISMA guideline) and a meta-analysis of the peer-reviewed, English-language articles that reported quantitative data on home range size or habitat selection, comprising 22 studies spanning 16 study areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results and Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Knowledge stemmed mainly (68% of studies) from the Alpine subspecies. Seven subspecies remain understudied (0–1 study each). Telemetry and field observations were the primary field methods in home range and habitat selection studies, respectively. Annual individual home ranges were small but varied greatly (0.04–4.94 km²), depending on sex (larger in males), dispersal behaviour (larger in migrating males) and season. Habitat selection analysis (24 factors tested; 452 cases) revealed that topography (elevation, slope, escape terrain) and human disturbance (hunting, infrastructure, hiking trails, livestock) influenced chamois habitat selection. Rocky, grassland and forest habitat use were season-dependent, and snow-covered areas were generally avoided.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Recommendations</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We highlight the need for further research on underrepresented and threatened subspecies, as well as on the chamois' responses to human disturbance and climatic variables, to better inform conservation management under global change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mam.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146193643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine Mammals in the Anthropocene: Developing a Systematic Evidence Base of Threats to Nineteen Species","authors":"Emily L. Hague,&nbsp;Rachael R. Sinclair,&nbsp;Joanna L. Kershaw,&nbsp;Davina Derous,&nbsp;Ross M. Culloch,&nbsp;Carol E. Sparling,&nbsp;Nicholas Baker-Horne,&nbsp;Marija Sciberras,&nbsp;Teresa F. Fernandes,&nbsp;Lauren H. McWhinnie","doi":"10.1111/mam.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Marine mammals have long been affected by human activities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To understand the state of knowledge regarding anthropogenic threats, we systematically mapped peer-reviewed and grey literature on this topic for 19 marine mammal species found in the North Atlantic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Searches in 2022 and 2024 resulted in 3390 relevant documents for review. Relevant records were extracted from each document (<i>n</i> = 6964 records), and threats were grouped into 13 major classes (e.g., climate change, fisheries, acoustic disturbance).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results &amp; Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 19 species, bottlenose dolphins had the most records (<i>n</i> = 1365), and of the threat classes, fisheries had the most records (<i>n</i> = 2124), with 59% being associated with mortality. Mapping the study locations highlighted how records were unevenly distributed across each IUCN-defined species range. Furthermore, species of conservation concern (i.e., globally assessed by IUCN as ‘Endangered’) often received comparatively little study effort. We highlight the species and threats that have to date received limited attention and discuss the potential reasons for disparities in research effort.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Increased efforts to understand and appropriately mitigate threats are critical, given the continued co-existence of marine mammals and human threats in the ‘Anthropocene’.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mam.70024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three Decades of Research on Passive Acoustic Monitoring in Bats: Systematic Review and Perspectives","authors":"Yang Geng,&nbsp;Hao Zeng,&nbsp;Hanli Yin,&nbsp;Jing Lu,&nbsp;Jiang Feng,&nbsp;Peter John Taylor,&nbsp;Yingying Liu,&nbsp;Tinglei Jiang","doi":"10.1111/mam.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) has transformed bat research by enabling non-invasive, large-scale and long-term assessment of bat ecology and conservation status. Yet despite its rapid expansion, substantial methodological heterogeneity, pronounced geographic biases and fragmented taxonomic coverage continue to limit global synthesis and constrain the broader ecological and conservation value of PAM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review aims to: (1) map global geographic patterns and collaboration networks in PAM-based bat research; (2) characterise temporal trends and major developmental phases; and (3) evaluate methodological practices across detector technologies, survey designs, monitoring cycles and data-processing workflows. These objectives collectively provide a basis for identifying knowledge gaps, improving methodological coherence and guiding future monitoring and conservation efforts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We systematically reviewed 935 peer-reviewed studies from 1992 to 2023, compiling associated bibliometric, methodological and thematic metadata. Keyword co-occurrence, thematic clustering, device-use profiles, methodological categorisation and temporal trends were analysed using bibliometric tools and descriptive statistics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results and Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our review revealed strong geographic biases, with PAM research heavily concentrated in a few well-studied regions. Research shifted from early detector-focused work to broader conservation applications. Methodologically, fixed surveys, seasonal sampling and manual call processing remained dominant, though automated tools are increasingly adopted. Research themes were heavily skewed towards movement and identification, with ecosystem-health and disturbance topics markedly underrepresented.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Synthesis and Recommendations</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PAM research is advancing rapidly but remains geographically uneven and methodologically fragmented. Strengthening standardised yet flexible protocols and expanding capacity in under-represented regions will be essential to fully realise its value for global bat conservation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145969807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shared Waters, Divided Interests: A Systematic Review of Human–Otter Conflicts Worldwide","authors":"Luca Francesco Russo,&nbsp;Gabriele Girardi,&nbsp;Vincenzo Penteriani,&nbsp;Anna Loy,&nbsp;Luca Santini","doi":"10.1111/mam.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human–wildlife conflicts are rising due to encroachment of human activities into natural areas. While research has often focused on large mammals, negative interactions with small carnivores remain less documented. Among these, otters (Lutrinae), apex predators of freshwater and marine habitats, cause frequent competing interactions with human activities like angling and fish-farming.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to identify which otter species are most commonly involved in human–wildlife conflicts, characterise the types of conflict and explore their geographical and temporal patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature following PRISMA guidelines. From 81 eligible studies reporting empirical cases of otter–human conflicts, we extracted data on species, conflict type and location. A Generalised Mixed-Effects Model was applied to assess temporal trends and the role of human population growth, while accounting for variation in research effort.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Conflicts were documented for all otter species except the Congo clawless otter (<i>Aonyx congicus</i>). The Eurasian (<i>Lutra lutra</i>) and smooth-coated otter (<i>Lutrogale perspicillata</i>) dominated conflict-related records. Fisheries-related issues, such as damage to nets and depredation of fish, were the most frequently reported (<i>n</i> = 76), whereas direct attacks on humans were newly documented but rare (<i>n</i> = 16). Overall, conflicts increased over time and were positively associated with human population size across otter distributions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human–otter conflicts are a growing conservation concern. Effective mitigation measures include deterrents, protective fencing, adjustments in fishing practices, financial compensation and interventions addressing human attitudes. Solutions should be tailored to the conflict source and cultural context to foster coexistence and support long-term otter conservation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociality of Marine Mammals and Their Vulnerability to the Spread of Infectious Diseases: A Systematic Review","authors":"Caitlin R. Nicholls,&nbsp;Mauricio Cantor,&nbsp;Luciana Möller,&nbsp;Guido J. Parra","doi":"10.1111/mam.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Social structure plays a crucial role in shaping the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases within animal populations, yet its influence remains understudied in marine mammals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review investigates links between marine mammal sociality and disease vulnerability, focusing on social network metrics and their influence on disease transmission. The study aimed to (1) identify patterns in disease transmission, (2) map gaps in current knowledge to inform strategic directions for future investigation and (3) discuss implications for conservation and disease management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Through systematic database searching, 14 studies were identified that investigated social network metrics and their influence on disease transmission in marine mammal social networks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results show that stronger associations and greater social connectivity increase disease prevalence, although this relationship varied across species. Central individuals acted as ‘super-spreaders’, facilitating disease spread to conspecifics and vaccination efforts targeting these individuals are a recurrent proposed mitigation strategy. At the population level, network fragmentation reduced disease burden, while highly connected subgroups facilitated pathogen transmission. Research is concentrated on few key species, revealing significant gaps in taxonomic and geographic representation. Additionally, studies were geographically biased toward North America and Australia, with limited collaboration across research clusters, highlighting the need for broader representation and interdisciplinary partnerships.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings underscore the need for interdisciplinary approaches integrating epidemiological modelling, social network analysis and conservation strategies to better predict and mitigate disease risks in marine mammal populations. Future research should expand species coverage and incorporate ecological and environmental variables to develop targeted disease management frameworks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145891446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}