Marine Structures最新文献

{"title":"The tensile armor behavior of unbonded flexible pipes close to end fitting under uniform bending","authors":"Leilei Dong ,&nbsp;Wei Zhao ,&nbsp;Yi Huang ,&nbsp;Yingying Wang ,&nbsp;Qi Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongqi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A theoretical model is presented to investigate the impact of end fitting on slip and stress of tensile armors in unbonded flexible pipes under axial tension and uniform bending in the presence of friction. The problem is characterized by a single armor wire helically wound around a cylindrical supporting surface which is subjected to tension and bending. The deviation from the initial helical angle is used to describe the path of the armor as the pipe is stretched and bent. The integral of this angle change gives the lateral displacement of the wire, which is determined by minimizing the energy functional that consists of the strain energy due to axial strain, local bending and torsion, and the energy dissipated by friction. This leads to a variational problem with fixed endpoints. The obtained differential equation is transformed into a boundary value problem, which is solved numerically. The developed model is verified using a finite element (FE) simulation. Comparisons between the model predictions and the FE results regarding the transverse slip and local bending stress demonstrate good correlations. The results also show that the theoretical solutions of axial slip and stress are in good agreements with the numerical outputs when the wire starts from the intrados or extrados points. The verified model is then applied to study the effects of imposed tension, global curvature, friction coefficient and initial polar angle on the transverse bending stress at the end fitting. The results show that the end restraint could cause a significant stress increase in the armor wire at the end fitting vicinity. The response is linear with respect to tension but nonlinear to curvature. Friction could significantly increase the stress at the end fitting compared to the frictionless case. The critical location is on the tensile side of the pipe. The effect of initial hoop position on the axial stress is also studied. The fixed condition has no influence on the axial stress in the tendon close to the end when it starts from the intrados or extrados points.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49879,"journal":{"name":"Marine Structures","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 103761"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalized closed-form formulae for characterizing the ultimate strength envelope of ship stiffened panels subjected to combined biaxial compression and lateral pressure","authors":"Dongyang Li ,&nbsp;Zhen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2025.103789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2025.103789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Semi-analytical formula derived from numerical or experimental data is universally recognized as a powerful approach in the ultimate limit state (ULS) design of ship structures. However, it is extremely challenging to formulate a unified equation with excellent accuracy, applicability and practicality for characterizing the ultimate strength envelope of ship stiffened panels under combined biaxial compression and lateral pressure using conventional regression techniques. To address this drawback, this paper proposes a novel strategy mainly involving an equivalent sequential loading approach and artificial intelligence method. The FE model and new loading approach are validated based on the reported experimental data and classical proportional loading approach. Then, traditional implicit interaction relationship of the ultimate strength of stiffened panels under biaxial compression is decoupled by using the new loading method. Afterward, ABAQUS non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) incorporated with a Python code is conducted extensively. Influences of the plate aspect ratio, plate slenderness ratio, column slenderness ratio, transverse/longitudinal load and lateral pressure on the longitudinal/transverse ultimate strength (LUS or TUS) are comprehensively examined. In total, 4009 and 2813 datasets are numerically generated to develop two artificial neural network (ANN) models. The derived explicit formulae used to predict the LUS and TUS both reveal positive agreements with FE results (<em>R</em> = 0.993 and 0.999 for the two test sets), and they are eventually implemented in two user-friendly graphical interface tools. Performance of the proposed generalized closed-form formulae is further verified by using the reported experimental data, empirical formulae and numerical results of other scholars. The proposed formulae can effectively address the ultimate strength assessment of stiffened panels under different load combinations, including pure longitudinal/transverse compression, combined longitudinal/transverse compression &amp; lateral pressure, as well as combined biaxial compression &amp; lateral pressure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49879,"journal":{"name":"Marine Structures","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 103789"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of geometric parameters on ultimate strength of axially-loaded CFDST chord to CFST brace K-joints","authors":"Seyed Mohammad Reza Hasani ,&nbsp;Morteza Naghipour ,&nbsp;Mahdi Nematzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2025.103780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2025.103780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The highest punch shear stress levels at concrete-filled double-skin steel tube (CFDST) K-joints form at chord-brace intersecting point. Increasing the section wall thickness of the outer tube at this point enhances the risk of fracture, thus endangers the entire joint. In order to eliminate such shortcoming, the present study proposes an alternative approach of implementing self-consolidating concrete (SCC) in the space between the inner and outer chords, as well as inside the circular hollow section (CHS) brace members, so as to improve load capacity and eliminate main chord plastification. A laboratory experiment followed by a nonlinear parametric finite element (FE) analysis were done to examine the effects of several mechanical and geometric features of an offshore jacket joint members, including core concrete compressive strength (<span><math><msubsup><mi>f</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>′</mo></msubsup></math></span>), chord effective length-to-diameter ratio (<span><math><mrow><mi>α</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>L</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></math></span>), brace-to-chord diameter ratio (<span><math><mrow><mi>β</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>d</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></math></span>), chord radius-to-wall thickness ratio (<span><math><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>T</mi></mrow></math></span>), brace gap ratio (<span><math><mrow><mi>ζ</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>g</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></math></span>), chord-to-brace angle (<span><math><mi>θ</mi></math></span>), and brace-to-chord wall thickness ratio (<span><math><mrow><mi>τ</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>T</mi></mrow></math></span>) on the overall joint ductility and strength capacity. Findings show that K- joints with a higher chord-brace angle demonstrate lower ductility factors in general. Also, buckling occurs at brace elements while the chord-brace intersecting point remains intact when the CFDST K-joint members are filled with core concrete. Furthermore, joints with concrete infill had almost twice as much peak loads and greater initial stiffness compared to those with no infill concrete, because of the contribution of confined concrete in raising the overall capacity of the CFDST K-joint.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49879,"journal":{"name":"Marine Structures","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 103780"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved outflow model for oil tankers following collision events and investigation of relevant statistical properties by Monte Carlo simulation","authors":"V. Piscopo,&nbsp;A. Sciacca","doi":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2025.103779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2025.103779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper focuses on the development of an improved outflow model for oil tankers following collision events and the investigation of its statistical properties by Monte Carlo simulation. After a review of the most recent advances, a new oil outflow model is developed for double hull oil tankers, based on a time-domain iterative procedure, until hydrostatic equilibrium is reached at outer and inner side openings. The model allows removing the assumptions related to the negligible dimension of the damaged area, the full loading condition of cargo tank and the detachment of the oil spillage event in a set of subsequent phases. The IMO statistics are employed for random generation of collision damage events, under different assumptions concerning the damage dimensions, assumed both uncorrelated and correlated, in the latter case by the employment of Gaussian copula functions. Two oil tankers are considered in a benchmark study, devoted to investigating the oil outflow statistical properties following collision events and comparing them with the relevant values obtained by the IMO model. The incidence of double hull width is investigated and some suggestions for the possible updating of current IMO guidelines are also provided to improve the safety of oil tankers following collision events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49879,"journal":{"name":"Marine Structures","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103779"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-domain simulation, fatigue and extreme responses for a fully flexible TLP floating wind turbine","authors":"Xiaoming Ran,&nbsp;Erin E. Bachynski-Polić","doi":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2025.103778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2025.103778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the dynamic responses of a tension leg platform (TLP) floating wind turbine (FWT) when all components of the floating platform are considered as flexible (elastic). Advanced aero-hydro-servo-elastic models modelling the platform with beam elements, which have been validated with model tests in previous work, are now extended to a TLP with column and pontoons. First, four coupled numerical models were established in the engineering tool SIMA. Two of them represent the entire platform (floater) as a fully flexible body, while the other two treat it as a rigid body for comparison. The tower, blades, and tendons are considered flexible for all models. The hydrodynamic loads are based on either Morison’s equation or potential flow theory, and are distributed along the body in the models with flexible platform. Fully coupled time domain simulations in still water, regular waves, and combined turbulent wind-irregular wave conditions are used to compare global motions and local sectional internal loads at different locations on the platform, tower, and tendons. Both fatigue damage and extreme axial stresses along the structure (obtained using a modified environmental contour approach) are examined. Platform flexibility influences the platform heave and pitch natural periods and motion amplitudes, particularly at the first bending mode natural frequency. Consequently, the sectional loads of all structure members at the first bending natural frequency are largely affected, and tendon axial stress at the wave-frequency also changes significantly. Overall, the adoption of a flexible platform model results in lower fatigue damage and extreme stress prediction along the tower and tendon. For this TLP FWT, Morison’s models predict larger responses for fatigue. For the extreme axial stresses in parked conditions, resonant responses at the first bending mode natural frequency are dominant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49879,"journal":{"name":"Marine Structures","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103778"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven modelling of fully nonlinear wave loads on offshore wind-turbine monopiles at prototype scale","authors":"Weikai Tan ,&nbsp;Pu Ren ,&nbsp;Deping Cao ,&nbsp;Hui Liang ,&nbsp;Hao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Offshore wind energy constitutes a vital component of the renewable energy portfolio, and accurate and efficient prediction of nonlinear wave loads on monopile foundations is critical for ensuring structural integrity and prolonging wind turbines’ operational lifespans. Unlike large-volume marine structures, third-order and higher wave loading is important for such slender structures due to ringing response. Traditional approaches, such as the numerical wave tank based on the fully nonlinear potential flow theory and computational fluid dynamics (CFD), are often computationally expensive. This paper proposes data-driven approaches to model nonlinear wave loads using machine learning (ML) techniques. These approaches offer substantial reductions in computational cost while maintaining reasonable predictive accuracy for high-order wave loadings under a range of wave conditions. Two ML-based models are developed and trained based on high-fidelity CFD data to capture linear and nonlinear wave load components, where the CFD data are classified into clusters using the K-means algorithm, an unsupervised clustering technique to optimise the dataset. A representative subset of data is selected from each cluster to construct the training and testing datasets for the ML models, ensuring that sufficient patterns are captured to facilitate model training and generalisation. The first ML model implements a hybrid approach to predicting the nonlinear wave load in the time domain. It combines a physics-based linear predictor for the inline force with a long short-term memory (LSTM) predictor to estimate the residual between the linear model and CFD results. The second model adopts the spirit of reduced-order modelling by predicting the fundamental and higher-order harmonics of the nonlinear wave load in the frequency domain, which are subsequently reconstructed into the time domain. A comparative study of the two models reveals that the second ML-based approach is more robust for the present application, eliminating the trade-off between overfitting and underfitting high-frequency oscillations, an inherent issue in the first model. We also compare the performance of the ML model with the FNV wave load model (Faltinsen et al., 1995; Kristiansen and Faltinsen, 2017). The proposed ML model is applied to predict nonlinear wave loads under various wave conditions, and the variation of maximum force and force nonlinearity is investigated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49879,"journal":{"name":"Marine Structures","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103775"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of structural configuration and analysis of dynamic response using Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation for flexible hoses in deep-sea mining system","authors":"Qi Guo ,&nbsp;Guoqing Jin ,&nbsp;Zongbing Yu ,&nbsp;Li Zou ,&nbsp;Jian Hu ,&nbsp;Haoyu Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The arrangement of buoyancy materials significantly affects the spatial configuration of flexible hoses, influencing mining vehicle performance. This paper develops a mechanical model for geometrically nonlinear flexible hoses using the Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation (ANCF) and introduces an ANCF-GA (Genetic Algorithm) coupling algorithm to optimize buoyancy material arrangement for the hose. The study explores the impact of mining vehicle paths on geometric parameters (angles <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span> between hose ends and the y-axis, and bending angle <span><math><mi>θ</mi></math></span>) and mechanical characteristics, including traction forces on the mining vehicle and intermediate warehouse. In static analysis, the ANCF-GA algorithm effectively optimizes the buoy material arrangement for flexible hoses with predefined material properties and geometric dimensions. In dynamic analysis, hydrodynamic forces significantly influence hose behavior. For a constant displacement, the vehicle’s trajectory and velocity minimally affect traction on the intermediate warehouse but strongly influence traction on the vehicle, increasing with speed. Geometric parameters <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>θ</mi></math></span> exhibit consistent trends, with <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span> decreasing and <span><math><mi>θ</mi></math></span> increasing as the vehicle moves, while higher speeds reduce their rate of change. In contrast, <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span> is highly sensitive to trajectory and speed, showing accelerated growth at higher speeds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49879,"journal":{"name":"Marine Structures","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103774"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towing performance of mono-column composite bucket foundation in irregular waves","authors":"Conghuan Le,&nbsp;Xiling Qi,&nbsp;Puyang Zhang,&nbsp;Hongyan Ding,&nbsp;Yang Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mono-column composite bucket foundation (MCCBF) has many advantages, such as quick installation and good bearing performance. To explore the towing performance of the MCCBF when encountering different waves in practical engineering, model tests are carried out to analyze the effects of different peak shape parameters, significant wave heights, and peak periods on MCCBF. The results show that the pitch and heave of the MCCBF's natural period increase with the draft's increase. When the draft is 8 m, the natural period of the pitch is 9.11 s, and the natural period of the heave is 7 .91s. Under different peak shape parameters, the air pressure fluctuations in Compartment 1 and Compartment 4 are the largest, Compartment 2 and Compartment 3 are smaller, and Compartment 7 is the smallest. When the peak period is close to the natural period of the MCCBF, the MCCBF will resonate in the corresponding free degree, which should be avoided in practical towing operations. With the increase of the significant wave height, the contact area between the MCCBF and the wave increases, and the wave load on the structure increases, resulting in an increase in the air pressure of each compartment, the towing force, and the pitch fluctuation. During practical towing, the contact area between the MCCBF and the waves can be changed by adjusting the draft of the MCCBF to reduce the towing force required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49879,"journal":{"name":"Marine Structures","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103771"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic similarity study of the truncated model test for submerged floating tunnels under wave actions","authors":"Weidong Chen ,&nbsp;Haikuo Zhang ,&nbsp;Gancheng Zhu ,&nbsp;Bing Ren ,&nbsp;Pengzhi Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2025.103777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2025.103777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conducting experiments on full-span submerged floating tunnels (SFTs) is challenging due to their extensive length and limitations in experimental conditions. Truncated models offer an alternative for studying SFTs' dynamic response under wave actions. This study investigates the dynamic similarity between the truncated model and full-span structure in regular waves. Modal similarity is utilized in designing the truncated models, along with proposing constraint stiffness for the truncated boundary. A numerical model for simulating the dynamic response of SFTs under wave actions is established using Ansys and validated by physical model tests of the SFT segment with a free boundary. Comparisons of the natural frequencies, motion amplitudes, and mooring forces between the truncated models and full structures are conducted through numerical calculations. The horizontal, vertical, and rotational stiffness of the truncated boundaries are determined, with observed coupling effects between the horizontal and rotational constraints. The analysis of displacement amplitude for different truncation lengths indicates that as the truncation length increases, the displacement of the truncated model gradually approaches that of the full structure. It is also found that the sway amplitude at the truncated boundary is about 0.8 - 1.2 times of the full structure, while the way amplitude at mid-span is about 0.78 - 0.85 times of the full structure. The displacement distribution along the tube suggests that neglecting the rotation angle around the Z-axis at the truncated boundary leads to this discrepancy. The analysis results of this paper show that the proposed truncated model can effectively represent the dynamic response of the full structure. The dynamic similarity method for truncated model serves as a valuable reference for experimental design of SFTs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49879,"journal":{"name":"Marine Structures","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103777"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fiber-reinforced polymers effect on the degree of bending in offshore cross-shaped tubular connections under out-of-plane bending","authors":"Pooya Rezadoost ,&nbsp;Behrouz Asgarian ,&nbsp;Hossein Nassiraei","doi":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The degree of bending (DoB), representing the ratio of bending stress to total stress within the chord wall thickness, is crucial for predicting the fatigue life of tubular connections in offshore structures. This study investigates the influence of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) on DoB, hot spot stress, and stress distribution within the chord wall of cross-type tubular connections. Following the validation of a finite element model (FEM) against existing experimental and theoretical data, 166 FEMs were developed and analyzed under out-of-plane bending conditions to examine the effects of connection geometry ratios and FRP parameters (type, layer count, and layout). The findings indicate that FRP sheets significantly enhance connection fatigue performance, increasing DoB by 34.66 %. Furthermore, the application of FRP results in a 51.28 % reduction in bending stress, a 93.21 % reduction in membrane stress, and a decrease in hot spot stress of 54.58 % and 40.54 % on the outer and inner surfaces of the chord, respectively, compared to un-retrofitted connections. A novel parametric formula for estimating DoB in FRP-retrofitted connections under out-of-plane bending is introduced, addressing a significant gap in existing research. This formula provides a valuable tool for the design and analysis of retrofitted tubular connections in offshore structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49879,"journal":{"name":"Marine Structures","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103776"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}