{"title":"Structural response and damage assessment method for subsea pipe-in-pipe subjected to anchor impact","authors":"Fuheng Hou, Yanfei Chen, Yufeng Yan, Ruihao Liu, Rui li, Yu Liu, Rongfeng Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pipe-in-pipe system is widely used in the development and transportation of offshore oil and gas resources. The damage caused by anchor impacts on the pipe-in-pipe system has long been a focal point and challenge in both engineering and academic fields. Numerical simulation method is employed to investigate the impact process of anchors on pipe-in-pipe systems, revealing the variation patterns of pipeline deformation response over time. The structural response of the pipe-in-pipe system to dropped anchor impacts is studied from multiple perspectives, including deformation, energy, and load transfer. The influence of pipe-in-pipe characteristic parameters, anchor characteristic parameters, centralizers, and bulkheads on the extent of impact damage is analyzed, establishing a relationship between the absorbed energy and the damage to the pipe-in-pipe. The results indicate that the impact energy primarily depends on the mass and velocity of the anchor. Energy is conserved during the impact process. It is found that even with different anchor masses and velocities, the extent of damage to the pipe-in-pipe system remains the same if the impact energy is identical. High-strength steel, large diameter, and thick-walled pipelines exhibit better resistance to impact loads. Additionally, centralizers and bulkheads mitigate the impact damage to the pipe-in-pipe system. Finally, an evaluation method for pipe-in-pipe impact damage due to dropped anchors is proposed. It is discovered that the assessment method for pipelines impacted by dropped anchors in the DNV-RP-F107 standard tends to be conservative when the impact energy is high. The findings of this study provide technical support for the integrity management of pipe-in-pipe systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49879,"journal":{"name":"Marine Structures","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 103714"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marine StructuresPub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103711
Guangrui Zhang, Yanbin Wang, Deli Gao
{"title":"Numerical analysis of vortex-induced vibration of deepwater drilling riser based on Van der Pol wake oscillator model","authors":"Guangrui Zhang, Yanbin Wang, Deli Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coupled equations of the dynamic model and the Van der Pol wake oscillator model are solved by the central finite difference method for the deepwater drilling riser. The vortex-induced vibration (VIV) response and fatigue life of the riser are calculated and the model validation is performed by comparing with the published experimental and simulation results. The effects of the top tension, current flow velocity, flow velocity profile, internal flow velocity as well as the installation of buoyancy modules on the VIV are discussed. Dynamic response and fatigue life of the riser under In-Line (IL) and Cross-Flow (CF) VIV are preliminarily analyzed. The results show that the VIV of the riser has multiple modes and exhibits a mixed behavior of standing waves and traveling waves. With the increase of top tension and flow velocity profile coefficient, the order of the VIV dominant mode and the peak values of the root mean square (RMS) of VIV displacement decrease, and the fatigue life of the riser is extended. With the increase of current flow velocity, the order of the VIV dominant mode increases and the riser fatigue life decreases. The effect of internal flow velocity on the riser VIV is neglectable. The installation of buoyancy modules can improve the riser stress state and extend the fatigue life. Compared with the CF VIV model, the calculated minimum fatigue life of the riser is extended under the IL and CF coupled VIV model due to the decrease of bending moment and the changing position of fatigue weak point.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49879,"journal":{"name":"Marine Structures","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 103711"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LJF of thin-walled gapped uni-planar K-type tubular steel joints with collar under brace balanced axial loads","authors":"Hossein Nassiraei , Hamid Reza Chavoshi , Siamak Talatahari","doi":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the efficacy of the collar plate in improving the Local Joint Flexibility (LJF) of thin-walled circular hollow section (CHS) K-joints under axial loads. Initially, a finite element model (FEM) was created and verified against data from 14 available experimental tests. Subsequently, an extensive series of 136 unreinforced and reinforced K-joints was simulated to analyze the influence of parameters such as collar plate dimensions (<em>η</em> and <em>λ</em>), brace angle (<em>θ</em>), and joint geometry (<em>β, ξ</em>, and <em>γ</em>) on the LJF factor (<em>f</em><sub>LJF</sub>) and the <em>f</em><sub>LJF</sub> ratio (<em>χ</em>). The FEMs incorporated plate-to-member contact and weld modeling. Findings indicate that the utilization of the plate reduces the <em>f</em><sub>LJF</sub> by 73 %. Additionally, it was observed that plate length significantly affects the <em>f</em><sub>LJF</sub> compared to plate thickness. While the impact of <em>γ, θ</em>, and <em>ξ</em> on <em>χ</em> is marginal, <em>β, η</em> and <em>λ</em> emerge as a noteworthy determinant of <em>χ</em>. Despite the pivotal role of <em>f</em><sub>LJF</sub> in joint behavior, there exists a gap in studies and equations specifically addressing <em>f</em><sub>LJF</sub> in collar-plate reinforced K-joints under axial loads. To address this gap, leveraging the FE results, a design equation is proposed. This equation is subsequently validated with high coefficients of determination and standards set by the UK Department of Energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49879,"journal":{"name":"Marine Structures","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 103713"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marine StructuresPub Date : 2024-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103708
Junyi Liu , Xujun Chen , Song Ji , Guizhang Hu , Yuji Miao
{"title":"A Kane-based time domain hydrodynamic analysis method for hinged multi-floating bodies under irregular wave conditions","authors":"Junyi Liu , Xujun Chen , Song Ji , Guizhang Hu , Yuji Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To better investigate the hydrodynamic responses of hinged multiple floating body system in irregular waves, a novel Kane-based time domain model is established and the associated calculation program is developed in conjunction with the potential theory and the catenary theory. The reduced Kane equations suitable for the dynamic response of moored multi-floating body system with hinges in irregular waves are firstly deduced, and then an experiment of hinged floating bridge performed in a wave tank is briefly introduced. Following the validation of the Kane-based model based on the comparisons between the predictions and the observations of the model test in several irregular wave conditions, an investigation of the influence of wave parameters in JONSWAP spectrum on the dynamic response of the system is further conducted. The associated results indicate that the heave motions, the pitch motions and the vertical connector loads of the hinged pontoons decrease nonlinearly with the growth of peak frequency under general sea conditions, while the peak enhancement factor has little influence on the dynamic responses of the hinged floating bridge. In addition, the first pontoon in the hinged floating bridge shows the greatest motion responses, and more attention should be paid to its dynamic response during analysing the security of hinged floating bridge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49879,"journal":{"name":"Marine Structures","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 103708"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marine StructuresPub Date : 2024-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103709
Jun Liang , Bence Kato , Yuhao Fu , Ying Wang
{"title":"Support condition identification for monopile-supported offshore wind turbines based on time domain model updating","authors":"Jun Liang , Bence Kato , Yuhao Fu , Ying Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The soil-structure interaction (SSI), which presents intricate nonlinearities and inevitably varies throughout the structural lifetime, is critical for the structural performance of monopile-supported offshore wind turbines (OWTs). Since its direct monitoring is challenging, a new time domain model updating method for support condition identification of monopile-supported OWTs is proposed in this study. A distributed spring-dashpot model incorporating nonlinear stiffness and damping is used to simulate the SSI. Time-domain responses of the OWT are used to construct the objective function for model updating. Vibration tests on a scaled model of the DTU 10 MW OWT are performed in the laboratory to verify the proposed method. The model updating results based on the test data show that the mean squared error between simulated and measured responses is less than 0.011, significantly smaller than the results obtained by using the traditional frequency-domain model updating methods. These findings demonstrated that the proposed distributed spring-dashpot model can accurately capture the complex nonlinearity in SSI and that the proposed time-domain model updating method can be used to identify the support conditions of monopile-supported OWTs. The methodology is expected to contribute significantly to enhancing the efficiency of the operation and maintanence for OWTs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49879,"journal":{"name":"Marine Structures","volume":"99 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marine StructuresPub Date : 2024-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103707
Rui He , Dan Wang , Amir M. Kaynia
{"title":"Axial Winkler springs for vertically loaded piles","authors":"Rui He , Dan Wang , Amir M. Kaynia","doi":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Axial soil spring stiffness along piles is crucial in the dynamic analysis of offshore jacket foundations. This study proposes a rigorous analytical model for vertically loaded piles embedded in a soil layer based on Green's functions. The stiffness of both end-bearing piles and floating piles can be obtained from this model, which is different from previous studies that have considered end-bearing piles and floating piles by two different models. The study investigates various factors affecting the soil springs. The actual distribution of soil spring stiffness is complicated, even for homogeneous soils. To facilitate the engineering application, the soil spring stiffness is averaged to uniform distribution according to the equivalent work method. The pile with relative pile-soil axial stiffness greater than 1.5 can be treated as a rigid pile in which the soil spring stiffness depends primarily on the pile slenderness ratios. For other cases, referred to as flexible piles, the soil spring stiffness depends on both pile slenderness ratio and pile-soil modulus ratio. Simplified analytical expressions are proposed for the averaged soil spring stiffness of both rigid and flexible piles in different soil profiles. Besides, the soil layer effect is significant for short piles but negligible for long piles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49879,"journal":{"name":"Marine Structures","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 103707"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marine StructuresPub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103706
Bin Gao , Chong Li , Feilong Zhou , Wenxuan Zhu , Guanlin Ye
{"title":"Shaking table tests of offshore wind turbine systems with a suction bucket foundation in sandy seabed subject to earthquake and wind loads","authors":"Bin Gao , Chong Li , Feilong Zhou , Wenxuan Zhu , Guanlin Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of offshore wind power industries in China, a significant proportion of existing and planned offshore wind farms are located near seismically active zones with liquefaction potential. Seismic liquefaction threaten the safety of suction bucket foundations supported offshore wind turbines. The shaking table tests for sandy seabed - suction bucket - offshore wind turbine system were carried out under combined wind and earthquake loads. The response of the ground and structure under seismic and wind loads was investigated carefully. The effects of wind load, seismic load, and drainage holes in the top cover of the suction bucket on the dynamic response of this system were obtained. Test results indicate that the increase of peak acceleration results in the increase of seabed, turbine response, excess pore water pressure and wind turbine's rotation. The influence of 2 Hz sine wave on offshore wind turbines is greater than that of 4 Hz. The tilt of the wind turbine under the combined action of wind and earthquake is greater than that under the action of wind load or earthquake alone. Top drainage of the bucket foundation will reduce the seismic capacity of the suction bucket foundation. The research can provide reference for the seismic design of suction buckets for offshore wind turbines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49879,"journal":{"name":"Marine Structures","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 103706"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marine StructuresPub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103703
Dongyang Li , Zhen Chen
{"title":"Progressive collapse response and ultimate strength evaluation of stiffened plates with welding residual stress under combined biaxial cyclic loads and lateral pressure","authors":"Dongyang Li , Zhen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stiffened plates used in bottom structures of ships are commonly subjected to multiaxial loading in harsh sea state. Thus, understanding their collapse behaviour under combined loads is highly valuable, and numerical simulations can provide accurate insights into this topic. The current research is the first to deal with the ultimate strength characteristics and assessment of initially deflected stiffened plates with welding residual stress (WRS) under combined biaxial cyclic loads and lateral pressure. Finite element analysis is conducted extensively to obtain the numerical results of longitudinal cyclic ultimate strength considering geometric and material nonlinearities with the aid of secondary development of ABAQUS software. It is found that the cyclic ultimate strength is governed by the coupling effects of structural dimensions, longitudinal and transverse residual stresses as well as transverse cyclic compressive/tensile loads and lateral pressure. A series of significant findings observed from this paper are presented in detail aiming to improve the ultimate limit state (ULS) design of ship structures. Based on sufficient sample points, four different machine learning (ML) models are trained maturely to predict the cyclic ultimate strength, including back propagation neural network (BPNN), support vector regression (SVR), random forest (RF) and radial basis function (RBF) network. Performance of these models is compared objectively using statistical metrics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49879,"journal":{"name":"Marine Structures","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 103703"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marine StructuresPub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103704
Masayoshi Oka, Yusuke Komoriyama, Chong Ma
{"title":"Accuracy verification of the 2D spectral AIS method by the hull monitoring data","authors":"Masayoshi Oka, Yusuke Komoriyama, Chong Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accuracy validation of the 2D spectral AIS method (AIS method using two-dimensional wave spectrum; 2D-AIS method) using hull monitoring data of a large ore carrier is discussed. The AIS method predicts the response of actual ships using AIS-based ship position data, hindcast wave data, and response characteristics data. The conventional AIS method uses representative parameters(<span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mi>θ</mi></mrow></math></span>) from wave spectrum modeling. The modeling involves many uncertainties. By using the 2D wave spectrum as it is, the effect of uncertainties associated with wave spectrum modeling is investigated. Compared to the analysis of the monitoring data conducted in this study, it was found that the 2D-AIS method improves the accuracy to about 15 %, while the conventional AIS method shows an error of up to about 35 % compared to the actual measurements in the long-term maximum expected values. This enhancement is attributed to the inability of the modeled wave spectrum to accurately represent the two-peak wave spectrum observed in extreme sea states, leading to a deficiency in reproducing wave frequency components corresponding to peak frequencies of the response. The findings underscore the effectiveness of the 2D-AIS method in refining long-term hull stress estimations, thus offering valuable insights for enhancing the safety and performance of hull structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49879,"journal":{"name":"Marine Structures","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 103704"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marine StructuresPub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103705
Jin Liu, Binbin Li
{"title":"A deep learning model for predicting mechanical behaviors of dynamic power cable of offshore floating wind turbine","authors":"Jin Liu, Binbin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2024.103705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dynamic power cable acts as both electricity current channel and information channel between offshore floating wind turbine and substation. Key role as it plays, the mechanical behaviors of dynamic power cable in operation is complicated, owing to the multiple internal loads involved in the cross section and the drastic stress distribution along the cable. In this paper, a multi-task integrated model based on LSTM is proposed to realize both the tension and the bending moment prediction at several fatigue-prone locations. Regarding the parameter combination in high dimension and time-consuming search for the optimum, halving grid search algorithm is applied to conduct hyper-parameters optimization with higher efficiency over wider range. Additionally, due to the motion effects brought by the buoyancy section, the prediction accuracy of the model at locations other than the hang-off point is lower, which is resolved by introducing an subsea sensor at the hog bend to provide additional 3-DOF motion inputs. The improvement brought by the additional inputs at the other points than the hang-off point can be up to 10%. The reliability of the multi-task integrated model is evaluated in a stochastic irregular wave generated by a different random seed as well as wave parameters scaled at different ratios, and a satisfying consistency is observed. Furthermore, the proposed model is applied in extreme sea state, in which the model exhibits comparable performance with its performance in operational sea state. The desirable performance in both the operational and extreme sea states demonstrates the robustness of the model, and implies its potential in more various sea states.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49879,"journal":{"name":"Marine Structures","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 103705"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}