A validated fluid–structure interaction simulation model for vortex-induced vibration of a flexible pipe in steady flow

We propose a validated fluid–structure interaction simulation framework based on the strip method for the vortex-induced vibration of a flexible pipe. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data from three steady flow conditions: uniform, linearly sheared, and bidirectionally sheared flow. The Reynolds number ranges from $10^4$ to $10^5$. The flow field is simulated based on open-source software OpenFOAM. The solid field is modeled based on the finite element method of the Euler–Bernoulli beam, and fluid–structure coupling is implemented via a weak coupling algorithm developed in MATLAB. The vortex-induced vibration response is assessed in terms of amplitude and frequency, along with the differences in strain. Additionally, wavelet analysis and traveling wave phenomena are investigated. This study presents the first numerical simulation of flexible pipe VIV under bidirectionally sheared flow, validated against experimental data. Compared to uniform and linearly sheared flow, the bidirectionally sheared flow condition leads to more pronounced traveling wave behavior and stronger multi-frequency responses, especially in the in-line direction. The simulation results are directly compared with measured strain data, showing agreement across different flow conditions. The numerical simulation codes and experimental data in this manuscript are openly available, providing a foundation for more complex vortex-induced vibration simulations in the future.