Medicina Del Lavoro最新文献

{"title":"Human Biomonitoring of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) in Germany: Methods, Exposure Levels, and Health-Based Interpretation.","authors":"Christoph Schmidtkunz, Isabell Schönrath, Aline Murawski, Katja Küpper, Nora Lemke, Till Weber, Gabriele Leng, Marike Kolossa-Gehring","doi":"10.23749/mdl.v116i6.18008","DOIUrl":"10.23749/mdl.v116i6.18008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is an antioxidant which is used in a vast array of consumer products. The most sensitive toxicological endpoints of BHT are hepatic enzyme induction and reproductive effects. Because of its wide dispersive use and its potential relevance for human health, BHT was included in the human biomonitoring (HBM) cooperation between the German Federal Ministry for the Environment and the German Chemical Industry Association. An analytical method for the sensitive determination of 3,5‑di‑tert‑butyl‑4‑hydroxybenzoic acid (BHT acid)-an oxidized metabolite of BHT which is excreted in urine-was developed. This method was then applied in several environmental and occupational HBM surveys, and BHT acid was detected in the vast majority of samples. Health-based guidance values as well as reference values for the interpretation of HBM results were derived for BHT acid. Thus, a fine-grained picture of the current state of BHT exposure in different populations in Germany is now available. Uncertainties arise from large variability in the fraction of dose excreted as BHT acid and incomplete understanding of human metabolism, which limits reverse dosimetry and risk assessment, particularly for children.</p>","PeriodicalId":49833,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Del Lavoro","volume":"116 6","pages":"18008"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12815275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145764468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Hearing Function in the Orchestra Professional Musicians of the Teatro alla Scala in Milan.","authors":"Terenzio Cassina, Alessia Tomasin, Orietta Calcinoni, Umberto Ambrosetti, Eliana Filipponi, Valeria Castelli, Riccardo Bianchin, Valentina Teodorani, Laura Magnoni, Leonardo Braga, Linda Parati, Federica Di Berardino","doi":"10.23749/mdl.v116i6.17437","DOIUrl":"10.23749/mdl.v116i6.17437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study was conducted to determine whether occupational exposure to high sound levels, typical of an opera orchestra, can cause hearing loss.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The orchestra professors at Teatro alla Scala in Milan underwent ear examinations, pure-tone audiometry, and other audiological tests. The hearing thresholds of these musicians were compared with those of populations not exposed to occupational noise and with populations exposed to industrial noise. Noise exposure levels were estimated through a phonometric survey conducted at our theater in 2011, which largely confirmed the exposure levels outlined in European guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average audiometric thresholds of the orchestra musicians were slightly worse than the median thresholds of a healthy, non-noise-exposed population. In three subjects (2.8%), bilateral hearing impairment (PTA 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 kHz > 25 dB HL) was observed; in four violinists (3.7%) left unilateral hearing impairment was found. This rate is lower than the expected risk from similar industrial noise exposures. Comparing these audiometries with those from about ten years earlier shows that the hearing threshold decline in the study group is comparable to that caused by presbycusis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The risk of noise-induced hearing loss among professional orchestra musicians appears lower than predicted by the UNI ISO 1999:2015 standard. A few cases of hearing loss due to chronic acoustic trauma were noted, particularly among violinists who demonstrated a higher incidence of left unilateral hearing loss. The high levels of sound exposure and the presence of some hearing loss cases highlight the need for targeted preventative measures in this work activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49833,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Del Lavoro","volume":"116 6","pages":"17437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12815276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145764483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Workplace Violence and Patient Management Time in the Emergency Department: An Observational Study.","authors":"Chiara Di Giorgio, Isabella Cucchi, Marco Mendola, Maria Cristina Costa, Fabio Tonelli, Elisa Turchet, Matteo Marrazzo, Paolo Carrer","doi":"10.23749/mdl.v116i5.17113","DOIUrl":"10.23749/mdl.v116i5.17113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Workplace violence is steadily rising, and the healthcare sector is one of the most impacted areas. Several studies have shown that patients' long management times are a key factor in workplace violence in this setting.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to analyze the prevalence and characteristics of aggressions against healthcare workers (HCWs) that occurred in 2023 in the Emergency Rooms (ER) of a large university hospital and to evaluate the potential relationship between the management time of a patient in the ER and the risk of violence incidents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of aggressive events against HCWs that occurred in 2023, data from the \"incident reporting\" form were analyzed. Then, using the 2023 report on daily ER accesses, the management time of a patient at the ER was calculated. Finally, the average management times of patients on days when there were no aggressions were compared with those on days when there was one or more assaults against HCWs to evaluate the potential relationship between the average length of stay of a patient at the ER and the risk of aggression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2023, 271 violent incidents were reported. Verbal aggressiveness was the most common (82.7%), and working the night shift was riskier (42.8%). In 36.2% of cases, patient management time was identified as a potential predictor of aggression. Other identified potential predictors included the patient and/or caregiver relationship with HCW (30.6%), the refusal to accept diagnostic-therapeutic protocols (27.3%), and the cultural background and temperamental traits of the patient or caregiver (18.8% and 11.8%, respectively). According to the logistic regression analysis, the likelihood of a violent incident during a 150-minute stay was less than 10%; it increased to 53% after 650 minutes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Workplace violence in healthcare settings results from a complex interaction of internal and external factors. Understanding how these elements interact and contribute to the development of incidents is essential for identifying key actions to reduce and mitigate violence.</p>","PeriodicalId":49833,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Del Lavoro","volume":"116 5","pages":"17113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12706690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145379569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Workplace Accident Severity in an Underground Coal Mine By Logistic Regression Analysis.","authors":"Ilknur Erol","doi":"10.23749/mdl.v116i5.16841","DOIUrl":"10.23749/mdl.v116i5.16841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accidents in underground coal mining can cause deaths, serious injuries, and material losses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study examined 10,334 work accidents that occurred between 2011 and 2021, resulting in injuries, and evaluated the causes, severity, and types of injuries. The accidents were investigated under the following subheadings: location of accidents, causes of accidents, work shifts when the accidents occurred, accident time, accident days, distribution of accidents by months and years, age of workers, occupational groups, educational status of workers, working day losses, and body parts that were injured. The severity of accidents was categorized into three levels: mild, moderate, and severe, based on the workday losses incurred by the workers after the accident. The severity of accidents and factors affecting their severity were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There is a significant statistical relationship between the severity of accidents and factors such as experience, workplace, accident cause, age, education status, occupational category, and the affected body part, work shift, according to the analysis. The findings indicate that accident severity is influenced not only by the immediate circumstances of the incident but also by broader individual and occupational factors, such as the employee's level of experience, the work environment, the occupational group, and the specific body part affected. The analysis revealed that the occupational group variable had statistically significant interaction effects with multiple other variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study presents all aspects of the hazards faced by the workers and suggests measures to reduce the number and severity of accidents that occur in underground coal mining.</p>","PeriodicalId":49833,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Del Lavoro","volume":"116 5","pages":"16841"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12706692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145379558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}