Open access journal of agricultural research最新文献

{"title":"Elements for Devising a Methodology to Assess the Potential for Scaling up Agroecological Initiatives","authors":"Miguel A Altieri","doi":"10.23880/oajar-16000309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajar-16000309","url":null,"abstract":"Given the positive impacts of agroecology on crop yields, conservation of natural resources and biodiversity, food sovereignty, climate adaptation and livelihoods of rural people, scaling up thousands of isolated successful agroecological experiences in the territories, constitutes an urgent mechanism to transform agrifood systems. We explore two pathways: Farmers lighthouses and the Campesino a Campesino methodology (CaC) as strategies to expand successful agroecological initiatives to reach a greater number of farmers and cover a broader geographic area. After identifying the diversity of opportunities and barriers to the scaling up of agroecology it is possible for stakeholders to determine the actions needed to scale up agroecology. A scalability checklist is proposed as an aid in prioritizing alternatives to scale up and to identifying some of the actions that can be taken to facilitate the scaling up process. The amplification dynamics in a particular region can be assessed utilizing ten amplification indicators which include social organization, participation in networks, community leadership, and degrees of dependency on policies or markets among others, as well as degree of adoption of on-farm agroecological practices, all of which capture farmer lighthouses’ potential to amplify territorial upscaling.","PeriodicalId":497825,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of agricultural research","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136207314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Major Maize Diseases in Ethiopia and their Management","authors":"Mulatu Gidi","doi":"10.23880/oajar-16000305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajar-16000305","url":null,"abstract":"Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most abundantly produced cereal in the world. It is one of the most popular crops grown in the world, ranking second to wheat and used as a staple food in the tropics. It is the most versatile crop, adaptable to different agro-ecological and climatic conditions. Maize is among the leading cereal crops selected to achieve food self-sufficiency in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, maize is the staple food and one of the main sources of calories, particularly in the major maizeproducing regions of the country. The major constraints to maize production in the country include both abiotic and biotic factors, such as droughts, nutrient deficiencies, weeds, diseases, and insect pests. Among the biotic stresses, diseases are one of the most important limiting factors in maize production. Diseases such as common rust, maize lethal necrosis, gray leaf spot, and turcicum leaf blight diseases are the major constraints in realizing the potential yield loss of this crop. Even though these diseases are the major problems for the crop, there are some disease management options are Using disease resistant cultivars, crop rotation, using fungicides and planting disease free plants are the best methods.","PeriodicalId":497825,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of agricultural research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136207318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Optimum Intra-Row Spacing for Maize Varieties (Zea mays L.) on its Yield and Yield Components in West Hararghe, Ethiopia","authors":"Wondimkun Dikr","doi":"10.23880/oajar-16000307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajar-16000307","url":null,"abstract":"The western part of the Ethiopia is generally well suited for the current maize varieties with the largest adoption, in particular to west hararghe. However, agronomic management practices such as appropriate plant spacing and use of improved varieties are quite important for enhancing maize production. Hence, a field experiment was not conducted before 2023 cropping season at Gumbi bordodde district western hararghe to determine the effects of intra -row spacing on yield and yield components of maize varieties. The experiment consisted of the factorial combinations of two maize varieties (“BH-546”,’’M-6’’ and “M-2”) and five intra-row spacing (20, 25, 30, 35 cm and 40cm) with a total of 15 treatments in RCBD with three replications. The results of the study had shown that there were highly significant differences due to the main effects of varieties on days to 50% tasseling, 50% silking, and 90% maturity. There was also highly significant difference due to the main effects of both variety and intra-row spacing on ear length and number of grains per row while, leaf area index was highly significant on the main effect of varieties and significant on main effect of intra-row spacing. Avery highly significant interaction effect of variety and intra-row spacing on above ground dry biomass yield and grain yield and highly significant in hundred grain weight. Generally, higher grain yield and above ground dry biomass were obtained from BH-546 at 25 cm (10325.47kg∙ha−1 and 34334.65kg∙ha−1) respectively. The highest grain yield (10325.47kg∙ha−1) was obtained at 25cm spacing in BH-546 while the lowest grain yield (3735.18 kgha−1) was obtained from 40cm spacing in 1. M2. The result of economic analysis showed that the maximum net benefit (ETB 278988.75 ha-1) was obtained at spacing of 25cm in BH-546. Therefore, based on economic analysis it can be conclude that optimum intra row spacing (25 cm) is promising for BH-546 maize variety production in main season of Gumbi bordodde district and similar agro ecologies. For better confirmation of the result, this one-year experiment needs to be repeated at multi-locations and in different seasons.","PeriodicalId":497825,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of agricultural research","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136207317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Socio-Cultural Hybridity and the Role of Indigenous Postharvest Practices in Northern Uganda: The Case of Kwania and Kole Districts","authors":"Atenchong Talleh Nkobou","doi":"10.23880/oajar-16000320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajar-16000320","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is growing recognition that addressing food and nutrition (in)security requires an acknowledgement of the plurality of knowledge systems, including indigenous management practices. This paper relies on quantitative research strategies to explore 'socio-cultural hybridity' as a bridge between low levels of 'modern' technology adoption and the loss of indigenous postharvest management practices. The results presented here partly informed a more participatory project on indigenous knowledge in Northern Uganda, and has wider implications for interventions towards postharvest food loss and waste in rural communities globally. Data was collected in Uganda’s Kwania and Kole Districts between June and July 2022 (n=213). We uniquely calculate reliance levels on post-harvest management practices using ordinal data. Results: Although sex does not significantly impact reliance on indigenous knowledge and practices (IK_Score), the coefficient of the sex variable shows that men have an IK_Score 0.87 units lower than women, explained by the skewness of access to education (p= 0.044) towards men. Secondary and tertiary educated participants had a lower IK_Score than those without formal education. Additionally, age was statistically significant on the IK_Score. Participants above 70 (p=0.01E-6) have an IK_Score 24.1 units higher than those aged between 19-35. Tertiary/university-level education has a significant impact (p=7.50E-6) reliance on modern technology (MT_Score). The importance of 'social situatedness' e.g., belonging to farmers group, is essential for 'cultural mixing' and explains the importance of social variables on adopting modern technology. Participants who belong to farmers groups (p=0.034) had a higher MT_Score. Although income was not a statistically significant variable for the IK_Score, income was statistically significant for the MT_Score (p=1.2E-4), which ultimately affects cultural mixing. Conclusion: Modernisation variables, such as education and income, significantly impact smallholder farmers' willingness to change. Finally, social situatedness, such as belonging to farmer's groups positively impacts socio-cultural hybridity. If researchers, policymakers and practitioners continuously fail to account for local and indigenous knowledge systems, the actual agents of change in rural communities may be continuously side-lined in their efforts towards reducing postharvest losses. Identifying these socioeconomic factors provides opportunities to review approaches to reducing postharvest management practices in these rural settings.","PeriodicalId":497825,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of agricultural research","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136207954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementary effects of Noug Seed (Guizotia abyssinica) Cake with Sesbania (Sesbania sesban) Leaves on Feed Intake, Digestibility and Enteric Methane Emission in Arsi-Bale Sheep","authors":"Mr Birhanu Dufera","doi":"10.23880/oajar-16000316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajar-16000316","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted to study the effects of feeding the mixture S. sesban (Sesbania sesban) leaves, noug seed cake, and hay on feed intake, digestibility, and estimating enteric methane emission of Arsi-Bale sheep. The experiment was done having the nine-adult sheep of initial body weight 26.7 (±0. 14) kg. The experiment consisted of 7 days of digestibility and 90 days of feeding trials. The experiment employed a 3 x 3 cross over design with three treatments and three periods. There were three treatments including S. sesban leaves alone (T1), 27.6% S. sesban leaves + 27.6% hay +44.8% Noug seed cake (NSC) (T2) and 38.6% + 61.4% NSC (T3). Total dry matter intake (DMI) was higher (P<0.001) for sheep feed in 27.6% + 27.6% hay + 44.8% NSC (706.9g/day) compared to the rest of the treatments. However, the effect of S. sesban leaves alone decrease the total DMI. Digestibility of DM, OM, CP (P<0.01), NDF, and ADF were higher (P<0.05) between the treatments. Average daily gain (ADG) was higher (P<0.01) for sheep in feed 27.6% S.sesban leaves + 27.6% hay + 44.8% than those in feed S. sesban leaves alone. Increased level of S. sesban leaves supplement, in general, reduced growth in this study. However, there was no difference between 27.6% S.sesban leaves + 27.6% hay + 44.8% and 38.6% hay + 61.4% NSC. Estimation of enteric methane emissions factor and daily methane production was higher (P<0.01) in treatments T2 as compared to T3 and T1. And also, T3 higher than T1. Thus, it can be concluded that S. sesban leaves can be promoted as valuable feed resources for ruminants while concurrently reducing methane emissions.","PeriodicalId":497825,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of agricultural research","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136207962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote Sensing Application for Tall Oil Palm Harvester","authors":"Mohd Hudzari Haji Razali","doi":"10.23880/oajar-16000301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajar-16000301","url":null,"abstract":"Oil palm is the primary source of economic gain and the community's primary need for palm oil and other daily necessities. In order to maximise the yield and benefits of oil palm, it is very difficult to do so with ordinary labour, and even if it is possible, it takes a long time to produce. Therefore, by adopting new technology, it is possible to overcome the challenges posed by tall oil palm harvesting. The application of remote sensing on tall oil palms will facilitate the harvesting procedure. With advancements in technology, such as remote sensing, it will be possible to achieve better results in less time and with fewer people. This pole has been equipped with multiple functionalities, such as a camera, to facilitate harvesting. This is because the height of the oil palm prevents workers from seeing the condition of the fruit and fronds that will be dropped. This paper also explains the use of remote sensing and its applications to the monitoring of oil palm plantations.","PeriodicalId":497825,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of agricultural research","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136208176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Crude Oil Pollution on the Nucleic Acid Concentration of Portulaca Oleraceae","authors":"Ochekwu Edache Bernard","doi":"10.23880/oajar-16000300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajar-16000300","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of this study is to investigate the effect of crude oil pollution on the genome size, and nucleic acid concentration of Portulaca oleracea. Varying amounts of crude oil (0ml, 200ml, 400ml, 800ml and 1000ml) were used to pollute 10kg bags of loam soil, onto which Portulaca oleracea were transplanted, and the study lasted for 4 weeks. Data were collected for nucleic acid concentration. The application of crude oil on the soil consistently decreased the mean concentration of nucleic acid from 92.83 ng/µl, for the control treatment, to the lowest mean concentration of 9.77 ng/µl, for the 1000ml crude oil treatment. This shows an 89.41% decrement in concentration of nucleic acid. This is evident in decreasing staining with increase in crude oil treatment of the 10Kb bands observed in the pictogram of the gel electrophoresis. Crude oil treatment of P. oleracea does not affect the genome size of the plant, but it has an effect on the nucleic acid concentration of the plant, as is evident in the low staining effect of the gel electrophoresis bands as the crude oil treatment increases. Considering the resilience of P. oleracea and its ability to adapt to the high amounts of crude oil in the soil, it is advised that it be employed in the possible phyto-extraction of crude oil and/or phyto-remediation in crude oil polluted soils.","PeriodicalId":497825,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of agricultural research","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136208195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumer Awareness of the Benefits of Whole Grain Products and Influence on Purchasing Habits","authors":"Radivoj Prodanovic","doi":"10.23880/oajar-16000314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajar-16000314","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work was to determine how much consumers are aware of the benefits of whole grain products, and whether and how this awareness affects their buying habits. Primary data were collected through a survey questionnaire (non-random sample), then processed in Excel and presented graphically. The results show that the majority of respondents are aware of the benefits of whole grain products and that this awareness greatly influences their purchasing habits. In addition, consumers are influenced by lifestyle, product taste, health benefits, tasting, advertising, price and other people's opinion about the product, etc. Those who answered that they do not consume whole grain products cited the high price as the main reason. They have received information about the benefits of whole grain products from family, relatives, friends, acquaintances, Internet experts and colleagues, but they still lack information. Also, promotion largely creates consumer awareness. Price reduction, tasting, improved taste and promotion would contribute to greater realization of whole grain products. Creating educational campaigns about the benefits of whole grain products would encourage consumers to buy more of them, which would increase their production and have a positive impact on public health.","PeriodicalId":497825,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of agricultural research","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136207313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decomposition Analysis of Maize Production in India","authors":": Surendra Singh Jatav","doi":"10.23880/oajar-16000321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajar-16000321","url":null,"abstract":"The present study has examined state-level maize scenario in India. The results showed that the overall growth of maize production in Gujarat due to yield effect or technological intervention i.e., 175.93% was the highest among the states, while it was lowest in West Bengal i.e., 16.43%. The area under maize is substantially increased, and the area effect contributes about 154.12% to the production of maize. In India, the contribution of the yield effect or technological intervention was 61.28%, while the area effect contribution was only 29.12%. The study has suggested that for comprehensive policy mechanism support of enhanced insurance coverage, better investment in agricultural research and education, and modern technology development need to be extended to the maize producer.","PeriodicalId":497825,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of agricultural research","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136207316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Market Trends in Biofuel","authors":"Robert GJ Edyvean","doi":"10.23880/oajar-16000311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajar-16000311","url":null,"abstract":"Biofuels, (ethanol and biodiesel primarily derived from corn, sugarcane and vegetable oils) are a growing area of renewable energy. For example, in the transport sector ethanol can be used in suitable internal combustion engines or blended with petrol while biodiesel can be used in diesel vehicles with little engine alteration. This study looked at biofuel supply and demand in a number of countries as it recovers from the 2019-2022 COVID-19 pandemic and found that demand fluctuated over this period since external factors which influence oil prices, have a greater effect on the smaller, and mostly newer, biofuel industry. Such fluctuations would happen with any major shift in energy resources but have been exacerbated by the pandemic and recent conflicts. While governments must evaluate the role of biofuels in energy security, food security and GHG objectives in a changing political and financial environment, there are countries where they can play a significant role in the energy supply. How Governments might look longer term to pave the way to a “new normal” energy base is discussed.","PeriodicalId":497825,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of agricultural research","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136207319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}