Phytoprotection最新文献

{"title":"Coup d’oeil sur 100 ans de lutte aux mauvaises herbes au Québec","authors":"Gilles Émond, Daniel Bernier","doi":"10.7202/038238AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/038238AR","url":null,"abstract":"A l’occasion du centenaire de la SPPQ, nous jetons un bref coup d’oeil sur la lutte aux mauvaises herbes au cours du siecle dernier. En relatant des moments historiques de la malherbologie au Quebec, nous regardons de quelle maniere les preoccupations, les problemes et surtout les solutions ont traverse le temps. Les structures, les organisations et les acteurs ont change. La sante humaine, l’environnement et l’agriculture durable sont devenus incontournables et indissociables. De nouvelles avenues sont developpees, tels que les OGM, qui s’averent revolutionnaires comparativement aux methodes conventionnelles. En 2008, malgre toutes les techniques et moyens mis a notre disposition, la lutte aux mauvaises herbes demeure une priorite dans la gestion des cultures. Les producteurs et productrices agricoles ont encore et de plus en plus besoin des connaissances issues de la recherche et de l’innovation en malherbologie.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"1 1","pages":"103-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88624207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraits de l’évolution de l’entomologie appliquée au Québec : emphase sur la phytoprotection","authors":"Conrad Cloutier, J. Perron, C. Jean","doi":"10.7202/038236AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/038236AR","url":null,"abstract":"Le developpement de l’entomologie au Quebec comme science naturelle a commence avec des naturalistes erudits comme William Couper, Leon Provancher et Henry Lyman qui ont observe abondamment et decrit l’entomofaune du Quebec, fonde des societes professionnelles et redige les premiers ouvrages scientifiques sur les insectes du Quebec. Au debut du XXe siecle, l’importance economique des plantes agricoles et des essences de coupes forestieres a atteint un niveau favorisant la naissance de l’entomologie appliquee. Son developpement initial est marque par la fondation de la SPPQ, la creation du premier programme d’etudes superieures en entomologie, ainsi que le recrutement d’entomologistes professionnels dans les institutions publiques de protection des plantes contre les ravageurs. Les entomologistes en chef James Fletcher au gouvernement federal et Victor Huard au gouvernement provincial, ainsi que les professeurs William Lochhead du College Macdonald et Georges Maheux de l’Ecole forestiere de l’Universite Laval, sont des figures remarquables de cette epoque. Les entomologistes publient abondamment sur le cycle de vie des insectes nuisibles, sur les dommages causes et sur les moyens de lutte efficaces avec des insecticides encore primitifs et dangereux. Pendant plusieurs decennies, Ernest-Melville DuPorte se trouve au College Macdonald au centre des etudes superieures et de la recherche en entomologie au Quebec. Apres la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la demande en denrees alimentaires et en fibre ligneuse croit a un rythme sans precedent, de meme que la lutte aux ravageurs, a l’ere nouvelle des produits chimiques de synthese, notamment des insecticides comme le DDT. En agriculture, les entomologistes actifs en phytoprotection se regroupent au laboratoire de recherche de Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu et au Service de la protection des cultures du MAPAQ, ainsi que dans leurs stations de recherche de terrain. La recherche en entomologie forestiere se developpe a Quebec autour du laboratoire federal des Laurentides et a la Faculte d’arpentage et de genie forestier (aujourd’hui la Faculte de foresterie, de geographie et de geomatique) de l’Universite Laval. Sous la pression de l’industrie forestiere, les arrosages aeriens aux insecticides deviennent systematiques et sont surtout regis par l’abondance cyclique de la tordeuse des bourgeons de l’epinette. A la fin des annees 1960, l’entomologie appliquee prend lentement un virage ecologique, ouvert au controle naturel des ravageurs et aux idees de la resistance des plantes et de la stimulation de l’impact des agents biologiques de repression. La recherche et la formation aux etudes superieures en entomologie connaissent un essor marque dans les centres universitaires etablis et nouvellement crees. La fin du XXe siecle est marquee par l’arrivee des plantes transgeniques resistantes aux ravageurs et les consequences previsibles du rechauffement climatique sur l’abondance et la diversite des ravageurs. L’entomologie comm","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"89 1","pages":"79-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83851898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different salts on the development of Fusarium solani var. coeruleum, a causal agent of potato dry rot","authors":"M. Mecteau, J. Arul, R. Tweddell","doi":"10.7202/000377AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/000377AR","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate the effect of different salts on the in vitro development of Fusarium solani var. coeruleum, and (2) to evaluate the efficacy of the salts for reducing dry rot severity caused by the pathogen in potato tubers. The study showed that several salts significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of F. solani var. coeruleum. Aluminium acetate, aluminium chloride, sodium benzoate, sodium metabisulfite, potassium sorbate and trisodium phosphate completely inhibited mycelial growth. Exposure of F. solani var. coeruleum conidia to aluminium acetate, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, sodium metabisulfite or trisodium phosphate at 0.2 M resulted in 100% mortality of the conidia after 1 h while aluminium chloride and aluminium lactate caused 100% mortality after an exposure of 24 h. In order to evaluate the effect of salts on potato dry rot development, F. solani var. coeruleum-inoculated tubers were treated with the different salts and disease severity was evaluated following an incubation period of 7 d. Among the test salts, only aluminium chloride caused a significant reduction in potato dry rot compared with the control. The study points out the possibility of using aluminium chloride to control potato dry rot.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90426537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei) resistance genes in Turkish barley varieties","authors":"A. Zeybek, Ş. Dere, G. Gök, Asude Çallak, M. Akkaya","doi":"10.7202/000380AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/000380AR","url":null,"abstract":"Thirty-four Turkish barley (Hordeum vulgare) varieties were tested for the presence of resistance genes (R-genes) to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei) using the “leaf segment test” with nine isolates of the fungus. The most commonly found R-gene was Mla8, while a combination of R-genes Mlg and Ml(CP) was found in three varieties (Tokak 157/37, Beysehir 98, Konevei 98). The gene Mlh was found in four varieties (Obruk 86, Anadolu 86, Cildir 02, Ozdemir 05), while no R-gene was found in three varieties (Hamidiye 85, Yesevi 93, Bulbul 89). No clear inferences could be made for the partly-resistant varieties Gemici 7243, Yea 793.12 and Akhisar 98 using the test isolates selected, which suggests the presence of still unidentified R-genes. Overall, 10 previously characterized R-genes for powdery mildew (Mla8, Ml(La), Mlg, Ml(CP), Mlh, Mlat, Mla1, Mlh, Mla7, Mlra) were present in Turkish barley varieties, along with some other(s) still to be identified.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"2013 1","pages":"31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73446180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans) on annual bluegrass (Poa annua)","authors":"G. Bélair, L. Simard","doi":"10.7202/000381AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/000381AR","url":null,"abstract":"This study was undertaken to assess the effect of various population densities of the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans) on the growth of annual bluegrass (Poa annua) under controlled conditions. In two separate experiments, the nematodes were inoculated at concentrations of 100, 500, 1000 or 5000 nematodes 100 cm‑3 soil per pot or per tube. Nine wk post-inoculation, root P. penetrans populations had increased linearly with initial nematode concentrations in both experiments. Growth and quality of turfgrass were uniform for all treatments, with no significant difference from the control. Under the current experimental conditions, P. annua was shown to be a tolerant host plant to P. penetrans.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"118 1","pages":"37-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77406545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Note du rédacteur en chef","authors":"D. Dostaler","doi":"10.7202/044020ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/044020ar","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"98 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80954043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Note du rédacteur en chef@@@Note from the editor","authors":"D. Dostaler","doi":"10.7202/038979AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/038979AR","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"54 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85703362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of resistance to crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata) in a new small-seeded line of Tunisian faba beans","authors":"Z. Abbes, M. Kharrat, P. Simier, W. Chaïbi","doi":"10.7202/018953AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/018953AR","url":null,"abstract":"Orobanche crenata, crenate broomrape, causes major drawbacks in faba bean production in Mediterranean countries. The development of resistant varieties remains the most efficient way to solve this problem. This study was designed to assess the resistance of the breeding line XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1 to crenate broomrape, using cv. Bachaar as a susceptible control. Incidence and severity parameters were evaluated in infested fields to values reaching 95% and 4 (on a 1 to 9 scale), respectively, in 'Bachaar', and reaching only 5% and 1.5, in 'XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1'. This selected line displayed, at the most, an average of one emerged crenate broomrape individual per plant at crop maturity, whereas 'Bachaar' plants displayed five emerged broomrape individuals under the same conditions. In addition, the seed yield of 'XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1' plants was two-fold higher than that of 'Bachaar'. In pot experiments, number and total dry weight of broomrape individuals per plant were significantly higher for 'Bachaar' than for 'XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1'. In root chambers, percent germination of broomrape seeds was five-fold lower in the vicinity of 'XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1' roots (3%) than close to 'Bachaar' roots (15%). The direct consequence was a limited number of broomrape tubercles per 'XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1' plant. Furthermore, tubercle formation on 'XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1' roots was delayed by a week compared with the infection process on 'Bachaar' roots. Finally, some features of 'XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1' roots were characterized, such as the low amount of exudation of germination stimulant, which, combined with a deep root system, triggers resistance to the parasite.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"65 1","pages":"83-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85714732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effet de diverses souches du Trichoderma sur la croissance d'une culture de tomate en serre et leur aptitude à coloniser les racines et le substrat","authors":"B. Mouria, Amina Ouazzani-Touhami, A. Douira","doi":"10.7202/018955AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/018955AR","url":null,"abstract":"Les champignons du genre Trichoderma, connus depuis 1887 pour leurs proprietes antagonistes, ont ete utilises comme agents de lutte biologique contre un large spectre de phytopathogenes. Recemment, certaines etudes ont demontre l'aptitude des Trichoderma a stimuler la croissance de certaines plantes. Ainsi, l'effet de six souches du Trichoderma sur les parametres de croissance et de rendement d'une culture de tomate en serre a ete etudie. Les resultats montrent que toutes les souches du T. harzianum ont stimule la croissance de la tomate, notamment les biomasses vegetative et racinaire, alors que le T. viride n'a pas eu un effet significativement different par rapport au temoin. L'effet du Trichoderma sur l'incidence des maladies foliaires a aussi ete tres net pour des souches de T. harzianum qui ont protege a 100 % les feuilles de tomate. La colonisation des racines par les differentes souches du Trichoderma ne differe pas significativement entre les souches du T. harzianum (86 a 100 %), alors qu'elle est significativement plus faible pour la souche TV1 du T. viride. De meme, les souches du Trichoderma ont pu se maintenir a un niveau tres eleve dans la rhizosphere par rapport aux temoins.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"4 4 1","pages":"103-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83478956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of host resistance inducers and conventional products for fire blight management in loquat and quince","authors":"K. Baştaş, S. Maden","doi":"10.7202/018954AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/018954AR","url":null,"abstract":"Fire blight disease is one of the most destructive diseases of pome fruits. Due to the lack of effective, non-phytotoxic and publicly acceptable materials for controlling fire blight in pome fruit trees, new strategies to manage Erwinia amylovora fire blight are being sought. The resistance-inducing compounds prohexadione-Ca, harpin protein and benzothiadiazole (acibenzolar-S-methyl), the fertilizer humic acid, the bactericides streptomycin and copper salts, and combinations of copper with chemicals were evaluated for their ability to control fire blight on quince and loquat cultivars. Prohexadione-Ca was applied at a rate of 125 mg L-1 at two shoot lengths (6-12 cm and 15-20 cm), while benzothiadiazole + metalaxyl (135 mg L-1) and harpin (50 mg L-1) were applied when the shoots measured between 15-20 cm, and again at 30-35 cm. On loquat cv. Cukurgobek, benzothiadiazole + metalaxyl showed about 60% effectiveness. The addition of copper salts reduced the effectiveness of benzothiadiazole + metalaxyl. On quince cultivars, streptomycin (P ≤ 0.05) was the most effective treatment during both years, followed by the harpin protein alone and in combination with copper salts. Prohexadione-Ca, benzothiadiazole + metalaxyl, and harpin protein applications reduced disease severity on inoculated shoots compared with copper and untreated controls. Prohexadione-Ca reduced both shoot length and shoot blight on the two hosts. Humic acid applications were ineffective in controlling fire blight on loquat and quince cultivars. Quince cv. Esme showed lower disease severity than cv. Ekmek (P ≤ 0.05). The use of resistance-inducing substances during the early phase of shoot growth may offer a means of managing the shoot blight phase of fire blight disease on quince and loquat.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"67 1","pages":"93-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89036641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}