Polar Record最新文献_第5页

Between an archipelago and an ice floe: The know-where of Arctic governance expertise 在群岛和浮冰之间:北极治理的专业知识

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Polar Record Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.1017/S0032247422000316

Merje Kuus

引用次数: 0

Obituary – Dr Peter John Tilbrook 讣告-Peter John Tilbrook博士

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Polar Record Pub Date : 2023-02-02 DOI: 10.1017/S0032247422000420

W. Block, M. Holdgate

引用次数: 0

Global interest in the Arctic region: Naval operations impacting scientific-commercial activities 全球对北极地区的兴趣：影响科学商业活动的海军行动

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Polar Record Pub Date : 2023-02-02 DOI: 10.1017/S0032247422000419

E. Uryupova

引用次数: 0

Concluding commentary: Inter-disciplinary vistas – research on Svalbard in a local to global continuum 结论性评论：跨学科视野——从地方到全球的斯瓦尔巴群岛研究

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Polar Record Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.1017/S0032247423000013

M. Albert

引用次数: 0

The balance between critical thinking and paradigm thinking in the Arctic: Scientific cooperation across theoretical divides 北极地区批判性思维和范式思维之间的平衡：跨越理论鸿沟的科学合作

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Polar Record Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.1017/S0032247422000377

M. Coote

{"title":"The balance between critical thinking and paradigm thinking in the Arctic: Scientific cooperation across theoretical divides","authors":"M. Coote","doi":"10.1017/S0032247422000377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247422000377","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Kuhnian’ paradigms are a commonly used method of explaining the structure of knowledge production within the social sciences; however, in some ways, they are also in opposition with Popperian’ critical thinking. The opposing approaches surmount to a comparative analytic method – Kuhn advocates undertaking science that is incommensurable, discipline-specific and ideologically and metaphysically fixed in nature; whilst Popper advocates science that is pluralistic, rebellious, interdisciplinary, and ideologically and metaphysically adaptable. This article utilises a systematic literature review of key peer-reviewed articles, book chapters and online articles from respected sources relating to Arctic scientific cooperation during and since the Cold War in order to provide a qualitative data source for comparative theoretical analysis. This article analyses key trends in Arctic environmental decision-making since the Cold War utilising a comparative critical constructivist framework based on epistemological challenges visible in the “Science Wars” between Thomas Kuhn and Karl Popper. By applying two of the foundations of social science (critical thinking and paradigms) to Arctic International Relations and Geopolitics, this article assesses the state of Arctic science cooperation and; the potential for Arctic science cooperation to solve wicked environmental problems. The article concludes that there are power relationships within the epistemological background to environmental decision-making which impacts science cooperation in the Arctic and; current trends in Arctic decision-making further propels the Arctic along a trajectory of environmental degradation.","PeriodicalId":49685,"journal":{"name":"Polar Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42766274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Svalbard treaty and identity of place: Impacts and implications for Longyearbyen, Svalbard 斯瓦尔巴条约与地方认同:对斯瓦尔巴群岛朗伊尔城的影响与启示

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Polar Record Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.1017/S0032247422000365

Dina Brode-Roger

{"title":"The Svalbard treaty and identity of place: Impacts and implications for Longyearbyen, Svalbard","authors":"Dina Brode-Roger","doi":"10.1017/S0032247422000365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247422000365","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Svalbard Treaty established Norway’s full and absolute sovereignty over the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. At the same time, it also established special territorial status for the archipelago, providing nationals of all signatory nations equal access to its resources. During fieldwork in Longyearbyen, conducted as part of a bottom-up exploration of place in 2018, several recurring issues came up in the analysis of interviews with residents using grounded theory methodology. Two of these issues, sometimes linked and sometimes seen as separate, were a questioning of the legitimacy of the community and a sense of geopolitical vulnerability. These emerging categories led to a series of focus groups, conducted between December 2018 and November 2019, that was designed to explore the impacts and implications of the Svalbard Treaty through the articulation of residents’ lived experiences in Longyearbyen. This paper examines the findings that emerged within an Identity of Place framing that point to an inherent conflict between the Svalbard Treaty’s special territorial status and the possibility of establishing a fully functioning local democracy in Longyearbyen.","PeriodicalId":49685,"journal":{"name":"Polar Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43123192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

“It would be a lot easier to hunt whales if they didn’t move.” Addressing marine baseline information challenges in Nunavut’s impact assessment process “如果鲸鱼不动，捕鲸会容易得多。”应对努纳武特影响评估过程中的海洋基线信息挑战

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Polar Record Pub Date : 2023-01-24 DOI: 10.1017/S0032247421000759

Nicole Peletz, K. Hanna, B. Noble

{"title":"“It would be a lot easier to hunt whales if they didn’t move.” Addressing marine baseline information challenges in Nunavut’s impact assessment process","authors":"Nicole Peletz, K. Hanna, B. Noble","doi":"10.1017/S0032247421000759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247421000759","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite advances in impact assessment (IA) practice in Arctic regions, persistent challenges remain. This article examines how baseline information needs and associated uncertainties are presented and understood in the regulatory context of IA. The focus is on marine-related information needs in the Nunavut IA process. The method used a document review of operational IA reports and focus groups with the Nunavut Impact Review Board – the agency responsible for IA in the territory. The results show that information challenges are largely linked to the availability, suitability and accessibility of data; while challenges to addressing information needs are related to broad capacity constraints, as well as responsibility, and cooperation among parties to the process. Similar to other settings, in Nunavut, there is a need to develop better guidance for parties regarding information uncertainties in IA and how such may be addressed. To help address information needs, there is also a need to clarify the roles, responsibilities and expectations of all parties (e.g. Inuit organisations, proponent, government and communities), as well as improving coordination and advancing collaboration, while also addressing capacity constraints.","PeriodicalId":49685,"journal":{"name":"Polar Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45482767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial: Women of the Arctic 社论：北极妇女

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Polar Record Pub Date : 2023-01-23 DOI: 10.1017/S0032247422000407

T. Prior, M. Smieszek

引用次数: 0

The Central Arctic Ocean fisheries moratorium: A rare example of the precautionary principle in fisheries management 北冰洋中部渔业暂停:渔业管理中预防原则的一个罕见例子

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Polar Record Pub Date : 2023-01-16 DOI: 10.1017/S0032247422000389

Cayla Calderwood, Frances Ann Ulmer

{"title":"The Central Arctic Ocean fisheries moratorium: A rare example of the precautionary principle in fisheries management","authors":"Cayla Calderwood, Frances Ann Ulmer","doi":"10.1017/S0032247422000389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247422000389","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract On 25 June 2021, a historic fisheries Agreement entered into force: The Agreement to Prevent Unregulated High Seas Fisheries in the Central Arctic Ocean (CAO). Nine countries and the European Union agreed to refrain from any commercial fishing in the CAO and to jointly undertake a scientific effort to understand ecosystem dynamics, including fish populations. This was the first multilateral Agreement to take a legally binding, precautionary approach to protect an area from commercial fishing before fishing had begun. The Agreement is a textbook example of the precautionary principle as it works to take “preventive action in the face of uncertainty.” However, despite the precautionary principle’s popularity with natural resource academics, it is rare for countries to forego economic benefits and to adopt this approach in managing resources. So, what made this Agreement possible? And what can we learn from this Agreement that could provide guidance on other resource management challenges? This paper explores the unique conditions that made this Agreement possible and examines how success was achieved by the interrelationships of science, policy, legal structures, politics, stakeholder collaboration, and diplomacy. In summary, this paper concludes that a series of factors helped make this Agreement possible, including but not limited to: scientific breakthroughs coupled with science-based legal frameworks; proactive partnerships between industry, environmental non-profits, and government; willingness of international stakeholders to learn from prior mistakes; and a nation willing to be the first-mover in foregoing future economic profits within their own Exclusive Economic Zone to order to benefit ecosystems beyond their waters.","PeriodicalId":49685,"journal":{"name":"Polar Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47784557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Managing plastic pollution in the Arctic ocean: An integrated quantitative flux estimate and policy study 北冰洋塑料污染管理:综合定量通量估算和政策研究

4区环境科学与生态学

Polar Record Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0032247423000268

Sarah Dewey, Sarah Mackie

{"title":"Managing plastic pollution in the Arctic ocean: An integrated quantitative flux estimate and policy study","authors":"Sarah Dewey, Sarah Mackie","doi":"10.1017/s0032247423000268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0032247423000268","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Plastic pollution in the Arctic marine system is sparsely quantified, and few enforceable policies are in place to ameliorate the issue. With an inflow-outflow budget for the Arctic Ocean, we identify gateways through which plastic enters and exits the Arctic marine system. While estimating the flux of plastic through rivers, sea ice, and ocean, we also quantify marine plastic pollution from Arctic shipping and fishing. Plastic fluxes are calculated using horizontal volume fluxes of water and ice and combining them with plastic waste concentration data; flux from fishing and shipping is generated through combining waste estimates with estimated ship traffic. We estimate that fishing and shipping contribute 10 5 tonnes of plastic flux per annum, compared to 10 −1 tonnes per annum from river inflow. The ocean has a far smaller net outflow, dwarfed by that of ice, at 10 −8 to 10 −7 and 10 −5 to 10 −3 tonnes per annum, respectively. We examine how a suite of proposed policy interventions would quantitatively change those concentrations, and how the current governance environment makes each feasible; we find interventions targeting vessel traffic most effective. These interventions include a prohibition on the use of certain plastics in fishing as well as a Polar Code permitting scheme.","PeriodicalId":49685,"journal":{"name":"Polar Record","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135609515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0