Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes最新文献

{"title":"Wars, Pandemics, Mass Shootings and Human Behavior: Disasters Across the Globe.","authors":"Robert J Ursano","doi":"10.1080/00332747.2023.2284619","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00332747.2023.2284619","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49656,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes","volume":"86 4","pages":"271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139040792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why (Should Psychiatrists) Read <i>Moby-Dick</i>?","authors":"David A Nissan,&nbsp;Luke A White","doi":"10.1080/00332747.2023.2207224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2023.2207224","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of the audience is probably thinking that the purpose of this essay is to describe the portrayal of narcissism and ambition in Herman Melville’s memorable character, Captain Ahab. The portrayal is indeed worthy of immortal fame, but alas, that is not the purpose of this essay. Melville barely touches on who Ahab was before he lost his leg, briefly alluding to a wife and daughter left behind or the decades that came before his tragic accident. If his work were used to create a psychiatric history of a Captain Ahab, it would be applauded for its prose, but would likely receive a failing grade for because he included almost no history before the captain was mauled. Who was the man before he encountered this unspeakable natural power? What aspects of his personality were warped by the encounter? Melville gives us preciously little on this topic. So perhaps psychiatrists would not learn much by focusing on the portrayal of the doomed captain. Moreover, Moby-Dick is admittedly a dense and challenging read. With so much medical literature to consume to maintain our skills, why should psychiatrists take the time to brave this American epic? Scholars that have delved between Melville’s dense pages offer some fruitful insights that may help convince our colleagues that this work is worth their attention. In approximately 100 pages, Philbrick (2011) offers a brilliant work outlining a multitude of reasons why readers should brave the intimidating read to enjoy one of America’s greatest novels. Philbrick recognizes that most people were forced to read the book in high school or college, before one had a chance to gather critical life experience or the patience to work through the chapters that go into unwanted extreme detail of whale anatomy. His argument for reading the book centers on Moby-Dicks pervasive role in American culture, becoming akin to a central myth. But Philbrick’s arguments are not specific to psychiatrists, which still leaves the question: why should psychiatrists in particular read Moby-Dick? King (2019) offers a more specific answer to this question in his work exploring Moby-Dick’s vast themes within marine biology, oceanography, and the science of navigation. King describes the marine animals and natural phenomena that appear in the book, expanding upon Melville’s descriptions and adding both the state of knowledge on the topic at the time Moby-Dick was written as well as what is known now. In most of these chapters, he alludes to a theme that Melville frequently returns to in his work: the contrast between the sailors’ knowledge and Ishmael’s skepticism of the “old naturalists” (King, 2019). Much of what people knew about whales in academic circles at the time came from scholars who had dissected many beached whales but had little direct observation of the animals in action. Melville questioned if the writers of the","PeriodicalId":49656,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes","volume":"86 2","pages":"170-172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9518976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Just and Unjust War Events on Mental Health Need and Utilization within U.S. Service Members.","authors":"Stephen W Krauss,&nbsp;Benjamin J Trachik,&nbsp;Toby D Elliman,&nbsp;Kelly A Toner,&nbsp;Jeffrey Zust,&nbsp;Lyndon A Riviere,&nbsp;Charles W Hoge","doi":"10.1080/00332747.2022.2120310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2022.2120310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background</i>: Soldiers are resilient to just war events, such as killing enemy combatants and life-threatening experiences, but these same soldiers appear to struggle with unjust war events, such as killing a noncombatant or being unable to help civilian women and children in need. This study is the first to examine how just and unjust war experiences are associated with clinical health service outcomes. <i>Methods</i>: Two samples of soldiers in different stages of readjustment from deployment were drawn from a longitudinal, survey-based study of a US Army brigade. Measures included items related to combat events, mental health utilization, perceived mental health need, PTSD, depression, and functional impairment. <i>Results</i>: After controlling for other kinds of combat events, just war events (i.e., life-threatening events and killing enemy combatants) predicted outcomes in soldiers who are less than three months post-deployment, but only predicted 2 of 26 outcomes in soldiers one year post deployment. In contrast, unjust war events were found to be robust predictors of short-term and long-term outcomes related to mental health need and utilization, even after controlling for exposure to other combat events. <i>Conclusions</i>: The results extend previous longitudinal research that suggests that exposure to unjust war events carry a heavier long-term mental health burden than other types of events. Additionally, Soldiers exposed to unjust war events had an unmet need for care one year post deployment that was not directly tied to PTSD or depression. The results question the emphasis on life-threat within mental health pathogenesis models.</p>","PeriodicalId":49656,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes","volume":"86 1","pages":"29-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9078751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Loss and Processing Grief in Psychotherapy of Psychosis.","authors":"Jeremy M Ridenour,&nbsp;Jay A Hamm,&nbsp;Courtney N Wiesepape,&nbsp;Paul H Lysaker","doi":"10.1080/00332747.2022.2161261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2022.2161261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective:</i> While recovery from psychosis is possible, recovery is a multidimensional construct driven by various factors. One relevant factor to recovery from psychosis that has often been overlooked in the psychotherapy literature is the importance of facing loss and processing grief in relation to psychosis. <i>Methods:</i> A review of the existing empirical literature on grief associated with psychosis was conducted. Clinicians with significant therapeutic experience working with persons with psychosis reviewed cases to examine the losses the patients had suffered and how they responded to these losses. The clinicians considered essential principles that are relevant when helping patients with psychosis integrate loss and process grief. <i>Results:</i> Persons who have experienced psychosis often experience the loss of role functioning, interpersonal relationships, cognition, and self-concept. However, when these losses are not fully integrated into the person's identity, it can result in either more losses due to denial and metacognitive impairments or increased hopelessness and depression due to internalized stigma. Five elements in psychotherapy of psychosis were identified that can facilitate the integration of loss and processing of grief: understand the personal experience of the psychotic episode, attend to feelings of grief and the primary loss, explore the meaning of psychotic symptoms and identity implications, integrate psychotic vulnerabilities into the sense of self, and foster realistic hope in the face of an uncertain future. <i>Conclusion:</i> Psychotherapy can enable persons with psychosis to make meaning of their losses, process their grief, integrate their psychotic vulnerability into their sense of self, and develop realistic hope.</p>","PeriodicalId":49656,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes","volume":"86 3","pages":"173-186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9961929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress, Anxiety and Depression as an Accelerating Factor for Phantom Vibration and Ringing Syndrome in Medical Students.","authors":"Ahmed Asad Raza, Abdul Hadi Khan, Ali Abdullah, Muhammad Abdul Qadeer","doi":"10.1080/00332747.2023.2253664","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00332747.2023.2253664","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49656,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes","volume":" ","pages":"372-373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10287824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Smartphone Use and Digital Addiction with Mental Health, Quality of Life, Motivation and Learning of Medical Students: A Two-Year Follow-Up Study.","authors":"Marise Machado de Oliveira,&nbsp;Giancarlo Lucchetti,&nbsp;Oscarina da Silva Ezequiel,&nbsp;Alessandra Lamas Granero Lucchetti","doi":"10.1080/00332747.2022.2161258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2022.2161258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background</i>: Despite studies evaluating the insertion of technology and the use of smartphones in the mental health and learning of medical students, few have investigated these outcomes longitudinally. This study aims to investigate the association between smartphone use and digital addiction with mental health, quality of life, learning, and academic motivation of medical students. <i>Methods</i>: This is a longitudinal study conducted between 2016 and 2018. Socio-demographics, smartphone use, digital dependence (Internet Addiction Test), surface and deep learning approach (Biggs), motivation (Academic Motivation Scale), evaluation of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS- 21) and Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) were assessed. Adjusted regression models were used for data analysis. <i>Results</i>: A total of 269 students were included(51.4% of the total). In the two-year follow-up, despite an increase in the frequency of smartphone use in general and also in the classroom for non-educational activities, no increase in digital dependence was found. In the adjusted models, the frequency of smartphone use and digital dependence were predictors of lower academic motivation and greater surface learning after two years of follow up. However, only digital dependence was a predictor of worse mental health (anxiety, depression, and stress) and worse quality of life. <i>Conclusion</i>: Greater use of smartphones and high addiction scores were associated with worse educational outcomes. Digital dependence was another marker of outcomes in mental health and quality of life. It is important that educators are aware of these negative effects and can guide students on the proper and safe use of these devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":49656,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes","volume":"86 3","pages":"200-213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9953164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Hopelessness on Depressive Symptoms in Mothers of Infants Hospitalized at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: The Mediating Role of Anxiety.","authors":"Nurgül Ataş,&nbsp;Fethiye Kılıçaslan","doi":"10.1080/00332747.2022.2161260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2022.2161260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective</i>: Mothers of infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are at high risk for depressive symptoms. This study investigated whether anxiety symptoms mediate the relationships between hopelessness and depressive symptoms in mothers with newborn infants admitted to the NICU.<i>Methods</i>: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the NICU of a university hospital in Turkey between October 2021 and March 2022. A total of 100 mothers whose infants were hospitalized in the NICU participated in the study. The data were collected using the Sociodemographic Data Form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). Linear regression analysis was used to examine the effect of demographic characteristics on scale scores. In order to test whether the anxiety score has a mediating role in the relationship between hopelessness and depression, the analysis was made based on the bootstrap method and the Maximum Likelihood method.<i>Results</i>: Levels of the depression, anxiety and hopelessness levels of the NICU mothers were not affected by the demographic variables of the parent and the infant. Hopelessness was found to predict depressive symptoms (β = 0.476; <i>p</i> < .050). In addition, according to the mediator variable analysis results, it was found that anxiety had a mediating role between the level of hopelessness and depressive symptoms (β = 0.596; <i>p</i> < .050). Accordingly, hopelessness explains 52.5% of the change in depression along with anxiety.<i>Conclusion</i>: Our study detailed the specific process of depressive symptoms caused by hopelessness in NICU mothers.</p>","PeriodicalId":49656,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes","volume":"86 3","pages":"187-199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9953166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Phantom Vibrations and Ringing Syndrome, and its Association with Smartphone Addiction among Medical Students of Teaching Hospital, South India.","authors":"Premkumar Ramasubramani,&nbsp;Nivetha Vengadessin,&nbsp;Ganesh Kumar Saya","doi":"10.1080/00332747.2022.2143143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2022.2143143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Phantom vibration syndrome (PVS) and phantom ringing syndrome (PRS) is a false sensation of phone vibration and ringing when it is not. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of PVS/PRS among medical students and to determine factors including level of smartphone usage associated with the development of phantom sensations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using cross-sectional analytical design, sociodemographic details, information on phantom sensations and phone usage among medical students in our institution in Puducherry, India, was obtained. Stratified random sampling strategy was incorporated to achieve a sample size of 369. Also, overuse of phone was assessed using Smartphone Addiction scale - short version (SAS-SV). Prevalence of PVS and PRS was summarized as a proportion with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Prevalence ratio for the factors associated with the phantom syndrome (PVS/PRS) was estimated using log-binomial regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using data from 383 students, the prevalence of phantom syndrome (PVS/PRS) was 44.9% (39.9-50.0%). PVS was more prevalent than PRS (27.9% vs 21.2%). There was a significant difference in SAS-SV scores between those with the phantom syndrome and those without. Students who stay in hostel (aPR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.46 to 2.43), self-reported overuse of phone (aPR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.56 to 2.45) and higher smartphone addiction score (aPR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.53) were found to be significant determinants to have PVS/PRS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, one in two medical students had either PVS or PRS in our institution, Puducherry. Higher smartphone usage was a significant predictor of the presence of PVS/PRS.</p>","PeriodicalId":49656,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes","volume":"86 2","pages":"157-163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9628117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Self-Stigma on the Hope of Chinese with Mental Illness: The Mediating Role of Family Function.","authors":"Lu-Yin Liang,&nbsp;Yi-Nan Zhang","doi":"10.1080/00332747.2022.2154505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2022.2154505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective</i>: This cross-sectional study examined the levels of self-stigma, hope, and family functioning among Chinese people with mental illness (MI). We also investigated the mediating role of family functioning in the relationship between self-stigma and hope. <i>Method</i>: Three-hundred thirty participants with MI (M_age = 42.73, SD = 14.11, 52.09% female, 61.74% schizophrenia) were surveyed. Hayes' PROCESS macro analysis (Model 4) was performed to verify the mediating effect. <i>Results</i>: The analysis revealed that 43.1% of the respondents had a high level of self-stigma, 68.5% indicated a low/moderate level of hope, and 54% had moderate/severe impairment in family functioning. This supports the partial mediating effect of family functioning on the relationship between self-stigma and hope. <i>Conclusions</i>: The self-stigmatizing experiences of Chinese people with MI adversely impair normal family functioning and reduce hope, limiting recovery prospects. Relevant results highlight the influence of the family environment on the psychological mechanisms of PMI. Limitations and future research directions are addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49656,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes","volume":"86 2","pages":"112-123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9631985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Dissociation with Suicide Attempt and Non-Suicidal Self Injury in Adolescents with a History of Sexual Abuse.","authors":"Alperen Bikmazer,&nbsp;Zehra Koyuncu,&nbsp;Nese Kavruk Erdim,&nbsp;Muhammed Tayyib Kadak,&nbsp;Mahmut Cem Tarakcioglu,&nbsp;Enes Gokler,&nbsp;Vahdet Gormez,&nbsp;Omer Akil Ozer","doi":"10.1080/00332747.2022.2114268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2022.2114268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective</i>: Dissociative symptoms are considered risk factors for suicide and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). In this study, the relationship between suicidal behaviors and NSSI with dissociative symptoms in adolescents with a history of Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) was investigated. <i>Methods</i>: A total of 100 adolescents with a history of CSA were evaluated with a detailed forensic psychiatric interview. Dissociative symptoms were measured with the self-report Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (A-DES) and the parent-reported Child Dissociative Checklist (CDC). <i>Results</i>: While dissociative symptoms did not differ between adolescents with and without suicide attempts (CDC; <i>p = </i>.068 and A-DES; <i>p = </i>.060), they were significantly higher in adolescents with non-suicidal self-harming behavior (CDC; <i>p < </i>.001 and A-DES; <i>p = </i>.001). Suicide attempts and NSSI were more common in those who reported genital touching as a type of sexual abuse (respectively, <i>p = </i>.003; <i>p = </i>.048). In regression analysis; history of psychiatric treatment (OR = 9.09 [95% CI = 1.52, 54.29]) and NSSI (OR = 8.18 [95% CI = 2.01, 33.23]) were independently associated with suicide attempts. In addition, parent-reported dissociative symptoms (CDC scores) (OR = 1.27 [95% CI = 1.06, 1.53] and suicide attempt (OR = 8.09 [95%CI = 1.96,33.42] showed independent association with NSSI. <i>Conclusions</i>: Dissociative symptoms may be predictive factors for NSSI and should be considered in risk assessment of adolescents with a history of CSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":49656,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes","volume":"86 1","pages":"17-28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9389167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}