Quaternary International最新文献

{"title":"Chronology of late Holocene sediments related to the Qicheng ruins in central China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Qicheng city wall is located in Puyang, Henan Province, China, and it is an important archaeological site from the Neolithic period in the North China Plain region. A trench across the northwest corner of the city wall revealed an 11 m thick sediment sequence, closely associated with human activities, which provides valuable records for the dating and environmental evolution of the site. In this study, we have applied field geological investigation, grain size analysis, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, and radiocarbon (¹⁴C) dating to reveal the history and changes in the site. The ancient city wall was built on the sedimentary sequence (U1) of the high terrace of the Ancient Yellow River. The upper 11 m thick sedimentary sequence (U2) recorded early moat sedimentation (U2_L) and was followed by three cycles of paleosol-flooding deposits (U2_U). The quartz OSL signals of the U2 silts are extremely bright, indicating high sensitivity. Partial bleaching was observed as well. The quartz OSL single-grain SAR dating results are consistent with that of charcoal ¹⁴C dating and are closer to the ‘true’ burial ages of the sediments than those obtained with multiple grains. By using a Bayesian statistical model, a chronological framework for the U2 sedimentary sequence was established. The earliest construction date of the Qicheng city wall is dating to 2100–1300 BC, during the late Longshan period, which is consistent with archaeological evidence (Li et al., 2015). The Qicheng city was not significantly affected by paleo-flooding prior to 870–960 AD, but experiences frequent flooding thereafter.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"698 ","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Na-feldspar grains within the K-feldspar fraction on sediments IRSL dating","authors":"Dongxue Li ,&nbsp;Hui Zhao ,&nbsp;Haichao Xie ,&nbsp;Farhad Khormali ,&nbsp;Aijun Sun ,&nbsp;Shuai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The post-Infrared Infrared Stimulated Luminescence (pIRIR) protocol has been successfully applied to date Quaternary sediments using the K-rich feldspar fraction (density ＜2.58 g/cm³). However, during the extraction of K-feldspar grains, Na-feldspar particles (density 2.58–2.62 g/cm³) may be included, especially within the medium grained fraction. However, the possible influence of Na-feldspar contamination on K-feldspar IRSL dating results has not been investigated in detail. In this study, we applied the pIRIR dating protocol to measure the coarse- and medium-grained K-and Na-feldspar fractions of eight aeolian samples from various regions. Blue-violet and yellow-green detection windows were used for derived the signals of K- and Na-feldspar, respectively, and we attempted to evaluate the influence of the contamination by Na-feldspar grains on feldspar pIRIR dating. Comparison of the three signals (K-feldspar blue, Na-feldspar blue, Na-feldspar yellow) from each sample showed that the influence of the IRSL blue signal from Na-feldspar grains on the signal of the K-feldspar fraction was &lt; 1–3%. Because of high fading rates, the D_es or pIRIR ages obtained from the Na-feldspar yellow signal were underestimated. The Na-feldspar blue pIRIR D_es and ages were nevertheless consistent with their corresponding K-feldspar blue D_e values and ages. This is because the few K-feldspar grains included within the Na-feldspar fraction emitted the greater part of the blue signals. From these observations, we conclude that the influence of Na-feldspar grains within the K-feldspar fraction on K-feldspar IRSL dating results can be ignored.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"698 ","pages":"Pages 49-58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141729557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"California Current temperatures adjacent to Southern California: 1949–2020","authors":"Steve Lund","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The southward flowing California Current, which lies adjacent to the California Pacific coastline as part of the North Pacific Ocean gyre circulation, is an important element in characterizing California's </span>climate variability<span>. This study improves and extends the historic record of California Current temperatures along the Southern California coastline for the last 71 years. The data come from long-term sea surface temperature measurements determined by the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) partners. The sea-surface temperature measurements come from a grid of 31 oceanic sampling sites within the core of the California Current off the Southern California coast. The sites have been sampled intermittently over the course of each year with ∼100 measurements/year on average. The Southern California Current temperatures in our grid have risen ∼2.5 °C since 1949.The California current temperatures are strongly correlated with the larger-scale North Pacific Ocean </span></span>Pacific Decadal Oscillation<span> (PDO) index and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NGPO) index. All three show distinctive correlation with decadal (∼14-yr) California rainfall cyclicity.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"705 ","pages":"Pages 104-108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141846585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tsunami deposits in tropical regions: A review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tsunami deposits provide evidence of historical and prehistorical events. However, their preservation in tropical regions is generally poor. The reasons behind this poor preservation are often linked to a number of environmental and anthropogenic factors. This study is focused on analyzing the environmental factors that impact the preservation and availability of tsunami deposits specifically in tropical regions. These factors predominantly encompass climate-related elements such as consistently high temperatures, rainfall, humidity, as well as specific soil processes, oceanic conditions, and vegetation. We compiled a comprehensive database of scientific publications on tsunami deposits, identifying the geomorphic environments where such deposits are typically preserved, as well as the commonly utilized proxies in studying tsunami deposits across different climatic zones. We propose a model that outlines the environmental factors, processes, and their interrelationships that contribute to the preservation and availability of tsunami deposits in tropical regions. This model may prove valuable in the future identification of tsunami deposits in tropical areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"698 ","pages":"Pages 11-25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618224001836/pdfft?md5=1906bfe45738d953af4d7ff913621402&pid=1-s2.0-S1040618224001836-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141396115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quartz OSL dating of ancient ceramics fragments from the Churajon archaeological complex in Arequipa, Peru","authors":"Carlos D. Gonzales-Lorenzo ,&nbsp;Yolanda Pacompia ,&nbsp;Nilo F. Cano ,&nbsp;René R. Rocca ,&nbsp;Jose F.D. Chubaci ,&nbsp;Henry S.L. Sullasi ,&nbsp;Zaida V. Vilca ,&nbsp;Oscar Ayca-Gallegos ,&nbsp;Jorge Ayala-Arenas","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ancient pottery fragments from the Churajon archaeological complex, Arequipa, Peru, were analyzed by OSL, XRD, and XRF techniques to provide absolute chronology, crystalline structure, and elemental composition. The fragments with base and rim have been projected with design techniques used in archaeology to find the type of vessel to which it belongs. After chemical treatment of the ceramic fragments, quartz grains were obtained. The analysis of the diffraction patterns obtained by the XRD technique of these grains corresponds to that of silicon dioxide SiO₂. By the XRF technique, SiO₂, Al₂O₃, and Fe₂O₃ have been observed as the main components. For equivalent dose (D_e) determination, SAR protocol was employed. For the dose rate (D_r) determination, the ²³²Th, ²³⁸U, and ⁴⁰K- concentrations within the ceramic and of the surrounding sediments were measured using the gamma spectroscopy technique. The ages of the ceramic fragments found range from the colonial era (from 1530 to 1821 A.D.) to the eruption of the Huaynaputina volcano (1600 A.D.) with an Engobated and Simple Churajon style. The oldest pottery dated to 1043 ± 198 yr, which corresponds to the Late Intermediate period with a Middle Churajon style (1200–1350 A.D.).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"707 ","pages":"Pages 38-49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141840172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Holocene submerged beachrocks in the Sea of Marmara (Tekirdağ-Altınova, NW Türkiye): Revealing the tectonic uplift rate through radiocarbon dating","authors":"Ufuk Tarı ,&nbsp;Gürsel Sunal ,&nbsp;Caroline Welte ,&nbsp;Cenk Yaltırak ,&nbsp;Orkan Özcan ,&nbsp;Melina Wertnik","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Beachrock formations represent a powerful paleo-environmental proxy in tectonically active coasts because they are ideal marker horizons for reconstructing past sea-level positions and revealing vertical uplift rates. In this study, beachrocks from the Tekirdağ-Altınova coastal area were used to model the evolution of the late </span>Holocene coastline in the northern Sea of Marmara.</p><p><span>As the Tekirdağ-Altınova coastal area is located in the tectonically active western Marmara region, this study aimed to investigate the role of tectonic processes in the late Holocene evolution of the coastal landscape in the study area by assessing long-term vertical deformation rates. To document and estimate coastal uplift, lesser known submerged beachrocks within the nearshore coastal area of the northern Sea of Marmara were analyzed with novel laser ablation (LA)–accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and standard </span>¹⁴<span>C-AMS techniques and correlated with late Holocene sea level variations. The preservation state of these beachrocks allowed for their identification and mapping through the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a high-resolution (5 cm) camera, followed by sampling via the coring method.</span></p><p>The determined ages of marine shells and calcite cements from selected samples of submerged beachrock span between 2.6 and 13.6 ky BP. These ages could be correlated with the late Holocene sea-level highstand and were used to estimate the long-term uplift rate. Based on these findings, an uplift rate of approximately 0.56–0.79 mm/yr over the last 6500 years has been suggested for the area studied.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"706 ","pages":"Pages 32-48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141848163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latitudinal patterns of shifts in cladoceran communities throughout the Holocene: A paleoecological case study of northwestern Russia","authors":"Aisylu G. Ibragimova ,&nbsp;Ivan I. Krolenko ,&nbsp;Larisa A. Frolova ,&nbsp;Dmitry A. Subetto ,&nbsp;Maksim S. Potakhin ,&nbsp;Natalya A. Belkina ,&nbsp;Ivan M. Grekov ,&nbsp;Alexey A. Kotov","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Paleolimnology<span> is a rapidly expanding field within the natural sciences. To date, many scientific papers have been published focusing on studies of remains from single sediment cores<span> in specific lakes, or a few cores from the same water body. However, few previous publications have provided a comprehensive comparative analysis of taphocenosis (and maternal community) changes in different water bodies from a large </span></span></span>geographical region<span><span> during whole Holocene using multivariate statistical methods. We conducted a joined statistical analysis of data obtained as a result of the </span>cladoceran<span><span><span> analysis of the sediment samples from six cores taken along the North-South transect from the Kola Peninsula to the Karelian Region (North-West Russia). Our aim was to identify, based on quantitative statistical methods, general whole-Holocene patterns in cladoceran taphocenosis changes. All taphocenoses in all cores from six lakes can be classified into six clusters based on their species composition. Our unexpected conclusion is that different taphocoenoses are formed by the same set of species, but their proportions vary significantly. This suggests that the same species may play different functional roles in different maternal communities. During whole Holocene, we observed a single taphocenosis cluster in the Holocene core from Lake Antyukh-Lambina, and four taphocenosis clusters in the Lake Medvedevskoe, with an intermediate number of clusters in the lakes between them. Furthermore, it can be asserted that the potential for cluster changes in the core is greater for the more southern studied water bodies (0–3 clusters for northern lakes vs. 4 clusters for southern lakes). Based on our data, we hypothesize that the diversity of cladoceran associations during the Holocene was lower in Arctic/Subarctic lakes, possibly due to their formation by ubiquitous species. Our study suggests that at least some Arctic </span>lake ecosystems have remained unchanged since </span>deglaciation times. Further studies are necessary to determine if this is a general rule.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"708 ","pages":"Pages 58-71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141853767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupation patterns during the Shangshan in the upper Qiantang River Basin, eastern China: A geomorphic study based on GIS","authors":"Wenjia Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhou Lin ,&nbsp;Leping Jiang ,&nbsp;Chao Ding ,&nbsp;Meiling Chen ,&nbsp;Shengchao Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Shangshan is the earliest Neolithic culture discovered in the lower Yangtze region and is significant as one of the origins of rice agriculture worldwide. During the Early Holocene<span>, the Shangshan human groups settled in the river basins of the upper Qiantang region and transitioned from hunter-gatherers to farmers. Little is known about the dominant factors motivating them to settle down and their occupation patterns for adapting to local environments. To address these issues, we applied an ad hoc method by coupling landform classification, geomorphic </span></span>fieldwork, accessibility analysis, and flood risk assessment. The results of geomorphic and accessibility analyses show that the ancient residents preferred to occupy the edges of the Middle Pleistocene terraces along second- and third-order streams. These locations are mainly situated in the centers of river basins and have height differences of 5–15 m, less than approximately 15-min walking distance from streams, providing them with stable residential spaces and accessible water resources. Within the 10-min territorial scope, there are always some fluvial plains near the terrace edges, indicating that the plain is another critical landform utilized by the residents. The wide plains and a plain-terrace-upland geomorphic assemblage, within 1-h and 2-h scopes, respectively, imply that the residents started to develop agricultural land while they also exploited diverse environments to ensure a plentiful food supply. Furthermore, the hydrologic analysis and assessment reveal that the residents were aware of the potential flood risks: their settlements are located at 30-min walking distance or greater from the high-order streams; most sites are exposed to low flood risks, with average percentages of unflooded territory greater than 67% and 43% in the minor and large flood scenarios, respectively; and each site has sufficient arable land with areas of 5–23 km</span>²<span> within a 1-h scope, even under the large flood scenario. Overall, these results reveal that the river basins provided favorable living environments, and the residents could flexibly manage the landscapes to ensure stable settlements and food production, thus enabling the appearance and development of a sedentary society and rice agriculture during the early Holocene. Ultimately, the methods used in this study provide an effective approach to exploring the occupation patterns of prehistoric residents in the river basins.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"702 ","pages":"Pages 48-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of active Gavilgarh/Salbardi fault on the evolution of the late Quaternary landscape in Central India","authors":"B.S. Manjare ,&nbsp;G.P.Obi Reddy ,&nbsp;U.P. Meshram","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The morphometric indices (MI) have been calculated along the Gavilgarh/Salbardi Fault (G/SF) to investigate active deformation, tectonic uplift, and basin tilt to find out its impact on the late Quaternary landscape. To explore the tectonic intensity, we computed MI such as stream-length gradient index (SL), hypsometric integral (HI), transverse topographic symmetry factor (T), asymmetry factor (Af), basin elongation ratio (Re), mountain front sinuosity (Smf) and valley floor width to valley height ratio (Vf). The necessary field investigations were carried out on the evolution of the Quaternary landscape to ascertain the various morphometric indices. The evaluated values of SL, HI, Re, Smf, and Vf show the high uplift of the northern block exists as opposed to the southern block, and the tilt and asymmetric character of the basins are shown by T and Af values. The presence of sedimentary landscapes like Quaternary alluvium, triangular facets, natural levees, and boulder-pebbly beds, indicates that the area has recently experienced tectonic activity. The assessed values of MI with supporting field evidence proposed that the northern block is uplifted and the basins are tilted because of the effect of G/SF.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"702 ","pages":"Pages 34-47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141713341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Middle Pleistocene micromammals of the Bianfudong paleolithic site, Heqing, western Yunnan","authors":"Meijing Chang ,&nbsp;Qijun Ruan ,&nbsp;Qingfeng Shao ,&nbsp;Jianhui Liu ,&nbsp;Qiang Li ,&nbsp;Xijun Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bianfudong (pinyin for Bat Cave) is a paleolithic site that was recently discovered in Heqing, Yunnan in southwestern China. Several hominin fossils, stone artifacts and more than 69,000 mammal fossils were unearthed in 2019. The hominin fossils and stone artifacts were excavated from the upper part (layers 1–12) of the section with an age range of 180–70 ka BP. Some large mammal fossils and micromammalian remains were collected from the lower part of the section (layers 22–30), which has an age &gt;180 ka BP. This paper describes the micromammalian fossils collected from layers 25–30 and analyzes the fauna composition and paleohabitats. A total of 638 micromammal specimens represent 12 species, including 11 extant species i.e. <em>Euroscaptor longirostris</em>, <em>Blarinella wardi</em>, <em>Anourosorex squamipes</em>, <em>Crocidura vorax</em>, <em>Eothenomys</em> (<em>Anteliomys</em>) <em>chinensis</em>, <em>E.</em> (<em>A</em>.) <em>proditor</em>, <em>Apodemus chevrieri</em>, <em>Ap. draco</em>, <em>Ap. latronum</em>, <em>Micromys minutus</em>, and <em>Niviventer confucianus</em>, and one extinct species <em>Anourosorex qianensis.</em> The two arvicolid <em>Eothenomys</em> species dominate, both in the number of identified specimens and the minimum number of individuals. The composition of the Bianfudong micromammalian fauna can be compared with the faunas of Sanjiacun in Chenggong of Yunnan Province, Mawokoudong in Bijie and Xinglongdong in Fengjie, Guizhou Province. Using the random forest model with modern meteorological data, we calculated the mean annual precipitation (MAP) and the mean annual temperature (MAT) for all 11 living species in the Bianfudong. The MAP was inferred as 1008.04 mm, close to modern data in the Heqing area, while the MAT was slightly lower at 12.84 °C. The dominance of <em>Eothenomys</em> also supports a slightly cooler climate during the late Middle Pleistocene in the Heqing area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"697 ","pages":"Pages 49-63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141728835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}