Quaternary International最新文献

{"title":"The Middle Stone age fauna from the DC member of Cave 1B at Klasies River main site, South Africa: Animal exploitation during the MSA II","authors":"Rialivhuwa Ratshinanga ,&nbsp;Sarah Wurz ,&nbsp;Shaw Badenhorst","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Klasies River main site (KRM) is a prominent Middle Stone Age (MSA) site located on the southern Cape coast in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. This contribution discusses the animal remains from the DC member in Cave 1B not reported on before. These animals fall within MSA II (Mossel Bay) techno-complex that, at KRM, dates from before 110 to 78ka. Despite heavy fragmentation, the fauna from this period shows a variety of taxa, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish and molluscs. The most common taxa in the sample include indeterminate medium and small mammals, tortoises, indeterminate small birds, Cape fur seals, and indeterminate Bovid I and II's. The presence of several stacked hearths, shellfish, lithics and burnt and butchered bones all suggest that humans were the main agent of accumulation of the fauna. This is further supported by low values for the carnivore-ungulate ratio, the carnivore richness- and the leopard index, which measures the probabilities of brown hyena, leopard and human accumulations. However, the presence of chew marks presumably caused by carnivores suggests brown hyenas or leopards accumulated, or had access to some fauna. Assuming that humans accumulated most fauna, there is evidence of a summer occupation at KRM during the MSA II. People were exploiting a variety of environments during the MSA II, including coastal dunes, grasslands, savanna woodlands and closed, bush environments. During the MSA II at KRM, people focused on hunting ungulates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"729 ","pages":"Article 109781"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wood use and forest resource management at Pompeii. Anthracological analyses in the area of Regio VII, Insula 14","authors":"Riccardo Santeramo ,&nbsp;Silvia Pallecchi ,&nbsp;Carlo Alessandro Montanari","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the archaeological excavations of <em>civici</em> 1 to 4 of the Regio VII, Insula 14 of Pompeii, an extensive anthracological sampling, which involves different domestic spaces and structures, was carried out. This paper brings new elements to the knowledge of the past landscape and vegetation cover in the area and allows to reconstruct wood use strategies, for firewood and timber, in the not well-known context of past domestic daily life and shops productive activities. Overall, 2038 charcoal fragments were analysed, covering a broad chronology from the late 3rd century BC to 79 AD. Among them 24 plant <em>taxa</em> were identified, relating to both deciduous and evergreen trees. Our results partially confirm previous data about Pre-Roman and Roman Vesuvian landscape, but also present remarkable peculiarities, like the absence of remains of species such as cypress, cedar, or chestnut, which were broadly used in valuable carpentry. The existence of a high degree of selectivity, as regards both timber for building, furniture, artifacts making, and firewood was detected. The most used wood trees were <em>Fagus</em> (beech) and <em>Abies</em> (fir), followed by various meso-thermophilous broadleaved trees, a few Mediterranean evergreen species and some cultivated fruit plants (<em>Olea</em>, <em>Juglans</em>, and <em>Vitis</em>). Local inhabitants may have preferred these species as a consequence of various factors, including technical features, good availability and socio-cultural drivers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"729 ","pages":"Article 109782"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rediscovered fossil hominin fragment from Gombore IB, an early Pleistocene site of Melka Kunture (Upper Awash, Etiopia)","authors":"Mauro Rubini ,&nbsp;Alessandro Gozzi ,&nbsp;Flavio Altamura ,&nbsp;Ferdinando Spanò ,&nbsp;Paola Zaio","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Gombore gully of Melka Kunture is located in the upper Awash Valley of Ethiopia. In the Lower Acheulean layer of Gombore IB, dated to 1.7 million years ago, a well-preserved distal portion of a left humerus was discovered in 1976. Additionally, a proximal fragment of a left humerus was discovered from the same site in 1973; however, it was not initially recognized as belonging to a hominin during excavations. This latter specimen, which was only recently identified within the Gombore I collection, is analyzed here. It is attributed to the middle proximal segment of the bone. The bone presents a significant cortical thickness together with a reduced medullary cavity. Subjected to tomographic examination, it revealed a concentrated cortical structure denoting a young individual. The muscle insertion areas appear well developed and free of apparent musculoskeletal stress. The section appears subcircular with significant diaphyseal torsion that denotes muscular activity. The chronological horizon suggests belonging to <em>Homo erectus</em>. The cross-sectional geometric properties analyses highlight affinity with the first <em>Homo</em> through comparisons with diachronic and synchronic samples. This affinity is probably to be found in the variability of the species and in the bio-complexity at the origin of human evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"729 ","pages":"Article 109792"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of global vegetation patterns since the last glacial maximum","authors":"Junyan Geng ,&nbsp;Haibin Wu ,&nbsp;Wenchao Zhang ,&nbsp;Qin Li ,&nbsp;Yanyan Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vegetation evolution is a crucial component of global change research, providing a foundation for understanding the interactions between vegetation dynamics and climate changes. However, current vegetation reconstructions since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) have not yet provided a complete and continuous presentation of global-scale vegetation evolution. In this study, we systematically compiled 3286 pollen records and applied the biomization method to reconstruct global vegetation patterns on a millennium resolution since the LGM. Our results show that during the LGM, the mid- and high-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere were primarily covered by tundra, with steppe and open coniferous forests in western North America, taiga in eastern North America, and steppe dominating much of Eurasia. In the low latitudes, tropical rainforests retreated significantly compared to the present, while arid shrubland expanded across much of Africa. Since the deglaciation, forests have gradually expanded, with cold-adapted biomes shifting to higher latitudes. In the mid-latitudes, mixed forests and deciduous broadleaf forests increased in North America, Europe, and China. During the early to mid-Holocene, forests dominated in the mid- and low-latitudes, while tundra and taiga dominated in the high-latitudes. By the late Holocene, steppe and desert expanded in central North America and northern China, while tropical rainforests flourished in South America. The results further reveal that the global forest cover increased by ∼31 % from the LGM to the mid-Holocene, then decreased by ∼5 % at the late Holocene. In the mid-to high-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, forest cover varied significantly, rising notably from the LGM to the early and mid-Holocene, peaking around ∼7–5 ka BP, and declining after ∼5 ka BP. Conversely, the mid-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere exhibited a more gradual pattern, with forest percentage peaking earlier ∼12–8 ka BP, and maintaining relatively stable afterward. Tropical regions had more erratic changes, initially fluctuating between 18 and 15 ka BP, followed by steady growth peaking ∼4–6 ka BP, and continued fluctuations thereafter. Our results reveal asynchronous vegetation changes across different global regions and provide a biome-level perspective, offering a finer classification of vegetation dynamics compared to previous global-scale studies. This dataset has the potential for comparison with palaeovegetation simulations, promoting better integration with different vegetation classification schemes. Moving forward, increasing the data density and integrating simulations will be crucial for a deeper exploration of the feedback mechanisms between vegetation evolution and climate change, thereby enhancing the accuracy of predictions of future vegetation dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"729 ","pages":"Article 109780"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marked regionalism during the Last Glacial across the Italian Peninsula: Evidence from the large mammal assemblage of Santa Maria di Agnano (Apulia, southern Italy)","authors":"B. Mecozzi ,&nbsp;P. Magniez ,&nbsp;D. Coppola ,&nbsp;D. Borić ,&nbsp;H. Baills","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we present the mammal sample collected from Stratigraphic Unit 8 of the external excavation area of Grotta di Santa Maria di Agnano (Apulia, southern Italy). The material was collected during the 2011, 2015, and 2016 excavation seasons and it is described here for the first time. In this level, lithic tools consistent with the Gravettian techno-complex have been identified. Grotta di Santa Maria di Agnano is renowned for the Upper Palaeolithic burials, Ostuni 1 and Ostuni 2, found inside the cave and dated between 29,495–28,766 years cal BP and 27,809–27375 years cal BP. Thousands of lithic tools, shells, and vertebrate remains have also been found during more than twenty years of excavations. These data provide valuable information about the terrestrial ecosystems of Mediterranean Europe at the end of the Pleistocene and human-animal interactions in the course of the period of dramatic climatic changes that occurred over the last 40,000 years. Finally, we compare this assemblage with other faunal assemblages recovered in Gravettian contexts across the Italian Peninsula, offering an overview of marked regional differences in climatic and environmental conditions reflected in the diversity of mammalian palaeocommunities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"728 ","pages":"Article 109767"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing natural and anthropic dynamics in alluvial and coastal plain through multidisciplinary sources: A new protocol for the study of historical landscapes in Val di Cornia (southern Tuscany, Italy)","authors":"Giulio Poggi ,&nbsp;Vanessa Volpi ,&nbsp;Luisa Dallai","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reconstruction of historical landscapes in alluvial and coastal plains is challenging due to the intense transformations of the territory caused by fluvial and coastal dynamics, as well as anthropogenic influences such as modern agricultural practices and land reclamation activities. Therefore, multidisciplinary studies and the use of a wide range of environmental proxies have become fundamental to evaluating the entangled interconnections between human activities and natural environmental processes within the context of landscape evolution.</div><div>This study explores the long-term interplay between humans and the environment in the lower Val di Cornia, an alluvial and coastal plain in central Italy (southern Tuscany) along the Tyrrhenian coast. Drawing on recent geomorphological analysis, the archaeological record has been reinterpreted within an updated environmental framework, further enriched by newly conducted geochemical and cartographic analysis. Spanning from the 7th century BC to the 11th century AD, this research aims to reconstruct both natural characteristics and the transformative role of human agency.</div><div>New data revealed that specific locations corresponding to elevated depositional fluvial features were particularly attractive for settlement due to their reduced hydraulic hazards and the coarse-grained soils resistant to water stagnation. However, settlement patterns were shaped not only by geomorphology but also by cultural and economic factors, including proximity to resources, access to road networks, and evolving land-use strategies. While this is particularly evident for the period between the 4th century BC to the 2nd century AD, when the archaeological record is more solid, a combination of variables has also been identified for describing Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Through the integration of diverse data sources, this study overcomes the chronological limitations inherent in individual records—archaeological, historical, or cartographic—enabling a broader understanding of landscape transformations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"728 ","pages":"Article 109725"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical composition influences δ18O of chironomid larvae head capsules - Implications for climate reconstructions","authors":"Christoph Mayr ,&nbsp;Julieta Massaferro ,&nbsp;Holger Wissel ,&nbsp;Andreas Lücke","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxygen isotopes of chironomid head capsules in lake sediments have become an important proxy for climate reconstructions, especially for high-latitude regions. Various chemical pretreatments have been developed to remove organic and inorganic contaminants and to clean the head capsules prior to isotope analysis, but so far there is no standardised routine method to assess the purity of the isolated chitin. We present a dataset of oxygen isotope analyses of head capsules from seven lakes in southern South America. The head capsules were assigned to three different taxonomic groups of Chironomidae (Chironominae, Orthocladiinae, Tanypodinae) and to Ceratopogonidae. Orthocladiinae exhibited on average higher isotopic fractionation relative to lake water than the other taxonomic groups, although these differences were not statistically significant. Elemental analyses demonstrate that the oxygen content and molar N/O ratio of the head capsules have a larger influence on oxygen isotopic composition than the host water isotopic composition suggesting a strong influence of incomplete deproteination on oxygen isotope values of chironomid head capsules. This is backed up by an experimental approach with differently pretreated chironomids, which exhibits a strong correlation with N/O ratio presumably due to various degrees of deproteination. According to the N/O ratio, pure chitin was obtained after removal of the minerogenic fraction with a mixture of 10 % HF and 5 % HCl (16 h, 20 °C) and subsequent treatment with 5 % NaOH (2 h) and 7 % NaClO₂ (10 h). In conclusion, we recommend using the N/O ratio for purity control and a critical assessment of different pretreatment methods to obtain pure chitin in future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"728 ","pages":"Article 109766"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Charcoal insights on the vegetation, climate and subsistence patterns at Wonderwerk Cave","authors":"Busisiwe Hlophe,&nbsp;Marion K. Bamford","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wonderwerk Cave is one of the most important archaeological sites in central southern Africa as it preserves multiple indicators of past environments, climates and human behavior. The cave has the potential to provide important palaeoenvironmental and palaeoethnobotanical information that can be applied to the less archeologically understood central southern African region. This study provides the vegetation and climate context of the interior southern African region during 2.3–0.5 ka BP by using charcoal from strata 2b and 3a of Wonderwerk Cave. The study also provides possible human-plant interactions during this time. A total of 90 charcoal fragments were studied under a microscope, their taxonomy determined, and the modern distribution of nearest living relatives utilized to determine the environmental conditions of the area in the past. A second method was applied by associating the physiognomic features of wood charcoal with the habitat. Both methods indicate a dry environment dominated by shrubs and small trees such as <em>Ozoroa paniculosa</em>, <em>Searsia lancea, Olea europaea</em> subsp. <em>africana, Ziziphus mucronata, Grewia flava, Tarchonanthus parvicapitulatus, Diospyros austro-africana, Euclea undulata, Ehretia</em> sp and <em>Vitex rehmanii.</em> Wet environment-tolerant species such as <em>Ochna serrulata</em> and <em>Olinia ventosa</em> might suggest fluctuations in climatic conditions or the presence of microhabitats such as streams or underground water. The analyses overall indicate the environment 2.3-0.5 ka BP was open and arid but slightly wetter than the area presently.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"728 ","pages":"Article 109755"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dating the ebb and flow of Tiwanaku and post-collapse material culture across the Andes","authors":"Erik J. Marsh ,&nbsp;Bruce Owen ,&nbsp;Antti Korpisaari ,&nbsp;Nicola Sharratt ,&nbsp;Paul Goldstein ,&nbsp;Ben Vining ,&nbsp;Sarah Baitzel ,&nbsp;Susan deFrance ,&nbsp;Mark Hubbe ,&nbsp;Santiago Ancapichún","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a comprehensive Bayesian refinement of the chronology of Tiwanaku material culture. To place this material pattern in space, we present a presence-only map of most sites with Tiwanaku redware ceramics, snuff trays, and textiles. We compile radiocarbon dates and assess their material associations before building Bayesian models. We present bespoke calibration curve mixtures for each major region, based on air mixtures from climate models. The models suggest that redwares burst onto the scene in the AD 600s in the Lake Titicaca Basin (Peru and Bolivia) and around the same time, snuff trays with the same iconography appeared in burials at San Pedro de Atacama (Chile). Other parts of the Andes first saw this material culture later, and only in the AD 900s was it clearly present in all regions. Around <em>∼</em><em>AD 1040</em>, Tiwanaku redwares were no longer used at Tiwanaku or in Moquegua. Residents of the Western Valleys immediately innovated new post-collapse styles derived from Tiwanaku redwares, appearing and fading away at different times in different valleys. A small community near Lake Titicaca maintained old traditions for generations, including the use of raised fields and Tiwanaku burials. We assess temporal alignments and disjunctures in order to highlight variability of Tiwanaku material culture, long assumed to be fairly homogeneous over space and time. This opens the door to more nuanced, generation-scale questions about the interaction networks that assembled and disassembled Tiwanaku.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"727 ","pages":"Article 109742"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone histology of Smilodon populator and Puma concolor from the Pleistocene of equatorial Brazil with comments on fossil diagenesis","authors":"Virgínia Silva Maciel ,&nbsp;Tito Aureliano ,&nbsp;Claude Luiz de Aguilar Santos ,&nbsp;Aline M. Ghilardi","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change over the last 50,000 years has significantly impacted large mammals. Large felids have been one of the groups most affected by these fluctuations. Palaeohistology is a tool for understanding the palaeobiological aspects of extinct species. Taphonomic analysis, in turn, allows us to understand the formation of fossil assemblages and palaeoclimatic characteristics. In this study, we sampled the femoral histology of the largest saber-toothed felid in the Americas, <em>Smilodon populator</em> (MCC-868V), and a fossil specimen of <em>Puma concolor</em> (MCC-991V), both from Quaternary deposits in Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast Brazil. The presence of EFS (External Fundamental System), generations of secondary osteons, and remodeled bone tissue indicate that both individuals had reached sexual maturity. However, MCC-868V was a young adult at the time of death, and MCC-991V was a senescent adult. Estimated mass for the <em>S. populator</em> specimen (157 kg) is lower than expected, even though the individual analyzed was a fully grown adult. There are no histopathological indicators that this <em>S. populator</em> individual underwent restrictions throughout its growth, which suggests a truly smaller individual. Smaller size may be a trait selected in a local population in Northeastern Equatorial Brazil due to the specific environmental and ecological conditions of the region. The morphometric analysis found that size did not correlate with bone thickness both among several felid taxa and within a <em>Smilodon</em> population. As no significant histological differences were found between <em>P. concolor</em> and <em>S. populator</em>. Fractures filled with iron oxide were found in both specimens. There is permineralization in <em>S. populator</em> and micritization in <em>P. concolor</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"727 ","pages":"Article 109741"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}