Quaternary International最新文献

{"title":"Abandonment and population fluctuations of prehistoric villages: Focusing on the Geum River Basin during Korea's Bronze Age","authors":"Jeongeun Lee,&nbsp;Jaehoon Hwang","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines population fluctuations in the Geum River basin during the Early and Middle Bronze Age through settlement distributions, changes in the number of settlements and dwellings, and SPDs of radiocarbon dates. Despite broadly shared material culture during the Bronze Age, demographic patterns varied significantly across four subregions—Miho, upper, middle, and lower Geum River—largely influenced by local topography. In the Miho and upper Geum Rivers, limited settlement space constrained population growth. In contrast, the middle Geum River allowed for settlement expansion and in-migration, but this eventually triggered environmental and social stress, leading to abandonment at the end of Early Bronze Age. The resulting dispersal appears to have contributed to population reorganization in the lower Geum River during the Middle Bronze Age. In this period, changes in subsistence strategies and social structure fostered the emergence of large-scale settlements, sustained in part by group ritual practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"747 ","pages":"Article 109967"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peach (Prunus persica) cultivation in ancient Korea: an archaeobotanical examination","authors":"Minkoo Kim ,&nbsp;Sohyeon Ahn ,&nbsp;Brian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Archaeobotanical research has traditionally prioritized seed-propagated annual crops, with comparatively limited attention given to the cultivation of woody perennial plants. To address this gap, this study examines peach endocarps recovered from Korean archaeological sites to explore the social context of peach cultivation. While peach endocarps are occasionally found at prehistoric sites, evidence for their cultivation in the region before 100 BC remains limited. Although the social conditions necessary for arboriculture—long-term land investment and territoriality—were established at many prehistoric sites, fruit tree cultivation did not emerge until after 100 BC. Peach endocarps from Sinchang-dong (ca. 14 BC–AD 243) exhibit traits indicative of incomplete domestication—elongated and compressed, yet relatively small—suggesting an early cultivation stage or the harvesting of feral forms. In contrast, later peach endocarps are significantly larger, elongated, and compressed, resembling modern cultivars. The inclusion of peaches as burial goods after approximately 100 BC highlights their symbolic values, which potentially facilitated the expansion of peach cultivation across the Korean Peninsula during the first millennium AD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"747 ","pages":"Article 109966"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation and climate dynamics in a 16,600-year marine sequence offshore Mozambique in Delagoa Bight, south-eastern Africa","authors":"F.H. Neumann ,&nbsp;J. Finch ,&nbsp;A. Hahn ,&nbsp;C.S. Miller ,&nbsp;L. Scott ,&nbsp;E. Schefuß ,&nbsp;L. Dupont ,&nbsp;H.C. Cawthra ,&nbsp;F. Engelbrecht","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Few records of long-term vegetation dynamics and climate variability exist from coastal southeastern Africa. This study presents a new high-resolution marine pollen record (GeoB20615-2) from southern Mozambique, spanning the past <em>c.</em> 16,600 years. The chronology is based on a Bayesian age-depth model constructed using twelve radiocarbon dates on marine and terrestrial remains. Prior to <em>c.</em> 15,000 cal BP, pollen from ericaceous shrubs was prevalent, indicating low temperatures, while forest or woodland pollen taxa were minimal or absent. From <em>c.</em> 13,000 cal BP onwards, the record shows a gradual increase in savanna pollen taxa such as <em>Spirostachys</em> and <em>Burkea</em>, suggesting climatic warming. Pollen of <em>Spirostachys,</em> a woodland tree thriving in dry, warm regions, continues to increase into the early Holocene, between <em>c.</em> 11,200 and 9200 cal BP. After <em>c.</em> 9200 cal BP, a decline in <em>Spirostachys</em> pollen corresponds with a rise in <em>Podocarpus</em> pollen during a phase of high sea levels, indicating a potential expansion in coastal and/or montane forests, possibly reflecting increased moisture availability. From <em>c.</em> 3500 cal BP, <em>Podocarpus</em> pollen declines, likely due to more arid conditions, as indicated by a concomitant increase in Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, and <em>Spirostachys</em> pollen. The youngest section of the profile is potentially affected by sediment mixing from <em>c.</em> 250 cal BP onwards. The section reveals the impact of European colonialists, with the appearance of neophytic pine pollen, and an increase in indigenous <em>Alchornea</em>, a disturbance indicator. The pollen results are in good agreement with terrestrial palynological records from the Indian Ocean Coastal Belt Biome such as Lake Eteza in northeastern South Africa. The GeoB20615-2 record contributes greater understanding of long-term vegetation dynamics and associated climatic shifts in the Indian Ocean Coastal Belt Biome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"747 ","pages":"Article 109956"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A twist in the tail: on the validity and characteristics of the Phase III handaxe assemblage from Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe, UK","authors":"Frederick Foulds ,&nbsp;Mark White ,&nbsp;Aaron Rawlinson ,&nbsp;Ceri Shipton ,&nbsp;Nick Ashton","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Lower Palaeolithic site of Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe, UK, is famous for its extensive geological sequence that represents the whole of the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 (Hoxnian) interglacial. Its archaeology records a change in stone tool manufacture within the MIS 11c substage, from a Clactonian core and flake assemblage in the earliest part of the sequence (Phase I) to an abundance of Acheulean handaxes of pointed form in the Middle Gravels (Phase II). The Phase III deposits, particularly the Upper Loam, correlated with MIS 11a, have long been claimed to contain a further shift in the Acheulean tool forms, from a point dominated to an ovate dominated handaxe tradition that features tools with twisted edges. Here, we explore the character and validity of the Phase III assemblage from Barnfield Pit, combining a three-dimensional geometric morphometric approach to the study of handaxe shape alongside qualitative measures of post depositional processes. Our results demonstrate that the Phase III deposits contain an assemblage that is morphologically distinct from that within the Phase II Middle Gravels and comparable to those from laterally equivalent MIS 11a sites on Dartford Heath. At the same time, we highlight the complexity of the archaeology within the upper deposits at Barnfield Pit and suggest that the change in normative approaches to tool manufacture that is observed within the Lower Thames Valley between MIS 11c and MIS 11a may occur earlier than previously thought. This presents significant implications for our understanding of hominin social upheaval in response to global climatic cooling across Britain and northwestern Europe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"746 ","pages":"Article 109951"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging radiocarbon in the Central Andes: From chronologies to research agendas","authors":"Daniel A. Contreras,&nbsp;Erik J. Marsh,&nbsp;Kurt Rademaker","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109957","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"746 ","pages":"Article 109957"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristic features and formation processes of ribbed moraines","authors":"Pertti Sarala","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ribbed moraine is a subglacially formed moraine landform type which can be found from Fennoscandia, Ireland, Iceland and North America. They occur as a group of moraine ridges which have oriented transversal to the latest ice flow direction. Theories for origin and formation of the ribbed moraines have been presented since 1950s but are still under debate. In this paper, characteristic features and formation theories of ribbed moraines will be discussed and reviewed with emphasis on the latest observations. Based on numerous published studies, it is evident that the formation of ribbed moraines has occurred during active ice movement under subglacial conditions, i) where ribbed moraines have typically formed extensive moraine ridge fields, ii) where the moraine ridges have a uniform transverse ridge orientation, iii) good and uniform orientation of pebbles in the moraine in the direction of the ice flow, and iv) an internal structure including active stratification, shear structures, sand banding, and v) enrichment of local fine material and rock fragments in the uppermost till layer. One notable feature, particularly observed in Finland, is the occurrence of large, angular boulders on the surface of ribbed moraines. Their composition varies rapidly, reflecting the composition of the underlying bedrock and indicating a very short glacial transport distance. Ribbed moraines can be typically found in the close vicinity of centres of the last continental glaciers. The formation process favoured certain subglacial condition in the contact zone of cold-based and warm-based glaciers. It seems that suitable formation conditions could have arisen as a result of rapid climate changes at the end of the cold Younger Dryas period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"746 ","pages":"Article 109953"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental archaeology in China: Progress and prospects","authors":"Zhen Qin ,&nbsp;Kaifeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109952","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"746 ","pages":"Article 109952"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Middle and Upper Paleolithic of the southern Pannonian Basin: Lithic assemblages from Petrovaradin Fortress (Novi Sad, Serbia)","authors":"Dušan Mihailović ,&nbsp;Slobodan Marković ,&nbsp;Steven L. Kuhn ,&nbsp;Sofija Dragosavac ,&nbsp;Bojana Mihailović ,&nbsp;Mirjana Roksandic","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rescue excavations of Petrovaradin Fortress in Novi Sad (Serbia), conducted at several different locations, revealed loess layers with Middle and Upper Paleolithic lithic material, which were dated using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). The c. 90 ka old Layer 2b contained Middle Paleolithic massive bifacially flaked sidescrapers, similar to the types documented in the early Micoquian of the Pannonian Basin. Layer 2a, dated to about 43–40 ka, yielded an artifact assemblage with Levallois and Quina components present, while Layer 1, in the southeastern sector of the site, contained numerous Gravettian artifacts. Based on OSL dating, the Gravettian layer is estimated to be between 31 and 26 thousand years old, aligning with the radiocarbon age of approximately 28 thousand years cal BP. The archaeological materials recovered from the Petrovaradin Fortress site provided completely new insights into the Palaeolithic of the southern Pannonian Basin, showing that Middle Paleolithic industries with bifacial tools, typically found in northern regions, are also present in the southern parts of the basin. The dating results showed that there is a possibility that the Central European Quina industries persisted into the late Middle Paleolithic, just before the appearance of the early Upper Paleolithic. Lastly, the southern Pannonian and Peripannonian areas (where several Gravettian sites have been investigated) were densely populated immediately before the beginning of the Last Glacial Maximum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"746 ","pages":"Article 109950"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Luminescence dating on ceramics from the Tianjun Shilin Cave around Qinghai lake in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau","authors":"Qiang Peng ,&nbsp;Manping Sun ,&nbsp;Yongjuan Sun ,&nbsp;Yunkun Shi ,&nbsp;Yanyan Li ,&nbsp;Chongyi E","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ancient humans often sought refuge in natural caves to evade predators and protect themselves from harsh environmental conditions. Archeological investigations have revealed evidence of human activity in numerous natural caves within the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). The chronology of ancient human activity at cave sites is typically determined using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) ¹⁴C dating. However, it is challenging to obtain reliable results considering the complex sedimentary environments within these caves. Therefore, it is imperative to employ various dating methods for different materials and elucidate their indicative significance to determine the age of archeological sites. This study compared three distinct dating methods to assess ancient human activity in the Tianjun Shilin Cave within the Qinghai Lake basin in northeastern QTP. AMS ¹⁴C dating from the same stratigraphic layer aligns with OSL dating of the ceramic, while OSL dating overestimated the age owing to poor bleachability of minerals within the cave. Due to human activity creating a disordered stratigraphic chronology, the AMS ¹⁴C dating exhibited a chronological reversal at a depth of 97 cm. Consequently, ceramic OSL dating was employed to ascertain the age of human activity within the cave. A systematic OSL dating of the ceramics determined that three ceramics were dated to 1.26 ± 0.06, 1.14 ± 0.06, and 1.77 ± 0.12 ka, indicating that human activity in the cave was predominantly concentrated from the Wei Jin Southern and Northern dynasties through the Tang dynasty. In caves with disturbed strata where suitable dating materials are lacking, the use of ceramic dating is preferred to determine the age of the archeological site.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"746 ","pages":"Article 109912"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of extreme droughts and floods during 1001–2000 CE in Guangxi, South China, based on historical documents","authors":"Rudi Shi ,&nbsp;Pan Guo ,&nbsp;Jian-Jun Yin ,&nbsp;Xiangling Tang ,&nbsp;Jianhong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating frequency of extreme droughts and floods amidst global warming poses a significant threat to public health and socio-economic development, making it a critical issue of research in natural disasters. Reconstructing past extreme droughts and floods through historical documents is an essential approach. However, Guangxi, a region in South China, encounters a scarcity of such documents and limited specialized studies on extreme droughts and floods. This study addresses this gap by reconstructing annual drought and flood indices in Guangxi, China, spanning the period from 1001 to 2000 CE, utilizing drought and flood records from historical documents dating back to the Song Dynasty. We determined the yearly sequences of extreme droughts/floods at 88 sites using percentile threshold values and conducted statistical analyses to explore variations in their frequencies and intensities across different periods and regions. Our findings indicate a robust correlation between extreme droughts and stalagmite δ¹⁸O-reconstructed precipitation records in South China. Notably, the increase in extreme flood frequency around 1300 CE may be associated with the climatic transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age, along with weakened Asian summer monsoon intensity. Since 1900 CE, the Central Pacific El Niño has emerged as the dominant driver of El Niño patterns, and concurrent rises in temperatures and greenhouse gas emissions may have significantly contributed to the surge in extreme droughts and floods. These insights enhance our comprehension of historical climate change and provide a scientific basis for anticipating future extreme climate events and guiding disaster preparedness and mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"745 ","pages":"Article 109948"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144826792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}