Quaternary International最新文献

{"title":"Chert sources and territorial behaviour after the Neolithization process: An exploratory analysis from Grotta Battifratta (Rieti, Central Italy)","authors":"Carletti E ,&nbsp;Conati Barbaro C ,&nbsp;Allegretta I ,&nbsp;Cardarelli L ,&nbsp;Forti L ,&nbsp;Monno A ,&nbsp;Terzano R ,&nbsp;Eramo G","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.109633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.109633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper aims at investigating lithic raw material acquisition strategies and human mobility in the Sabina region (Central Italy) during the Neolithic period through the Non-destructive Multiparametric Protocol for Chert Investigation (NM-PCI) applied to the lithic assemblage of Grotta Battifratta (Sabina region, Rieti). Despite its importance as a unique natural bridge in the middle of the Italian peninsula, Sabina has long been archaeologically underestimated. Moreover, although rich in siliceous rock sources, a solid knowledge of chert availability and distribution is lacking. By applying a pilot analysis on raw material provenance, this work aims at shedding light on i.) chert-bearing deposits in the region and ii.) human territorial behaviour. Furthermore, the preliminary characterization data of the Sabina chert is presented here as part of the first project of construction of a geological reference collection, currently lacking for the area. Geological samples and the lithic assemblage of Grotta Battifratta have been characterized by applying petrographical, geochemical (pXRF) and colorimetric analysis (CIELab). Multivariate statistics is employed to explore chert variability and to assess the geographic origin of the raw material exploited at the archaeological site. The preliminary results suggest a strong reliance on local sources together with a short but significant introduction of exogenous raw material, whose origin is still under investigation. This research presents a preliminary analysis of chert in the Sabina region and provides a novel strategy to current research in lithic raw material provenance in the Central Italy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"717 ","pages":"Article 109633"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological characteristics of eskers in areas with soft and hard bed: Examples from Poland and Finland","authors":"Małgorzata Frydrych ,&nbsp;Elina Ahokangas ,&nbsp;Joni Mäkinen ,&nbsp;Anna Lejzerowicz","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.109649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.109649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Constraining esker characteristics is crucial for understanding subglacial processes and reconstructing past ice sheet behaviour. This study compares the morphological characteristics of eskers in areas with soft and hard beds, using examples from Poland and Finland. Eskers in both regions display similar elongation, average sinuosity, and orientation, suggesting control by similar ice-stream configurations affecting the hydraulic gradient towards the ice margin. Differences arise in the lengths, widths, heights, fragmentation, and spacing of eskers, influenced by the lithology and transmissivity of the substratum. In soft bed areas, eskers are less fragmented and show a more stable and gradual ice stream retreat, often associated with tunnel valleys and controlled by subglacial porewater pressure and groundwater flow patterns. Hard bed areas exhibit eskers influenced by bedrock topography, with more reorganization of ice flow and meltwater drainage. The study highlights the impact of substrate properties on esker distribution and morphology, emphasizing the significance of subglacial hydrology and depositional environments in esker formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"717 ","pages":"Article 109649"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indian summer monsoon variations since late MIS3: A perspective from multiproxy evidence from Lake Xingyun in southwestern China","authors":"Haiyang Yu ,&nbsp;Linlin Cui ,&nbsp;Xu Wang ,&nbsp;Xueyun Ma ,&nbsp;Bing Xu ,&nbsp;Wubiao Li ,&nbsp;Xueting Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.109635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.109635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The variability of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) is a central research topic tightly linked to precipitation changes in the highly populated South Asian monsoon region. Understanding the variability and related dynamic mechanisms of the ISM on orbital-millennial time scale provides insight into the metastable nature of the Earth's system, which offers favorable conditions for disaster prevention and mitigation. Here, we present a multiproxy record spanning the late Marine Isotope Stage 3 (40.2–0.0 cal ka BP), including median grain size, <em>n</em>-alkane distribution pattern, hydrogen isotope of C₃₁ <em>n</em>-alkane (<em>δ</em>D_C31), and stable oxygen isotope of endogenic carbonates (δ¹⁸O_carb) from Lake Xingyun in southwestern China. The results showed that the ISM relatively strong during 40.2–30.0 cal ka BP, weakened during 30.0–16.0 cal ka BP and then it was progressively enhanced during 16.0–11.7 cal ka BP. The strongest ISM occurred during 10.7–6.5 cal ka BP and became weakened during 6.5–0.0 cal ka BP. The ISM precipitation increased overall with rising temperatures on the orbital scale despite of some millennial exceptions. The ISM variations were strongly controlled by changes in Northern Hemisphere summer insolation, and influenced by Earth's boundary conditions (i.e., CO₂ concentration and ice sheets) during the glacial-interglacial period. Moreover, the Heinrich Events (i.e., H3, H2, and H1) and Younger Dryas (YD) occurred in different climatic states of the Earth system, and thus the ISM responded differently in magnitude to these millennial-scale cold events. As such, the ISM during Heinrich Events (i.e., H3, H2, and H1) was more significantly weakened than that during the YD. These findings highlight the complexity of ISM changes with different warming scenarios, and provide a perspective for understanding the different hydrological responses to abrupt cold events in terms of magnitude.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"717 ","pages":"Article 109635"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution of hydrography in the retro-wedge side of an orogen under extension: The case of the River Aniene in the central Apennines (Italy)","authors":"Andrea Sembroni ,&nbsp;David Scaccia ,&nbsp;Michele Soligo ,&nbsp;Biagio Giaccio ,&nbsp;Paola Molin","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.109594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.109594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the retro-wedge side of a mountain chain undergoing back-arc extension, the progressive development of the fluvial network is controlled by the interaction of the uplift of the orogen, the activity of tectonic structures, and the climate. Many studies have evidenced the continuous competition between the activity of the normal faults that generate intermontane basins and rivers that incise and erode headward. Less attention has been paid to the role of the extensional structures that border the basins at the foot of the orogen and close to the base level (the back-arc basin) in the development of the hydrography draining their footwall. Could these structures influence or even prevent the integration of the fluvial network into the retro-wedge side of an uplifting orogen? To answer to this question, we studied the Aniene R., a tributary of the Tiber R. that drains the western side of the central Apennines (Italy). Studying the geometry of the topography and hydrography of its basin, surveying some key areas, dating deposits, and inverting its longitudinal profile, we reconstructed the landscape evolution of the drainage basin. In particular, we provide new evidence on the involvement of the structures bordering the low-standing extensional basins in the drainage development. Indeed, the flexural uplift of their footwall can hamper their flow down to the base level closing temporary the upstream drainage basin and so influencing the alternating phases of erosion and deposition controlled by uplift and climate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"717 ","pages":"Article 109594"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat, hydroclimate and herbivory: A late-pleistocene record of environmental change from tropical western Africa","authors":"Ruth E. Kiely ,&nbsp;Alice R. Paine ,&nbsp;Crystal H. McMichael ,&nbsp;William D. Gosling","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.109636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.109636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fire shapes ecological dynamics across many regions of Africa today and plays a critical role in the maintenance of grass dominated (savannah) ecosystems in regions which could climatically support forest vegetation, such as the Dahomey Gap in western Africa. However, the importance of fire relative to other important factors (such as herbivory and moisture availability) remains relatively poorly quantified. Here we present new macrocharcoal data (particles &gt;160 μm) from Lake Bosumtwi (Ghana) spanning the last c. 50 thousand years (ka). The macrocharcoal data are interpreted to provide evidence of high biomass consuming fires within the lake catchment (c. 52 km²). The macrocharcoal data are compared with previously published evidence of regional fires (microcharcoal), vegetation (pollen), herbivory (spores of coprophilous fungi), and moisture availability (δ ¹⁵N). The macrocharcoal data suggest three phases of increased fire severity (biomass consumption) during the last c. 50 ka: (i) 50–44 ka, (ii) 37–30 ka, and (iii) 26–10 ka. Covariance between high concentrations of macrocharcoal and grass pollen during these periods suggests that grass was likely providing most of the fuel load for the fires. After c. 10 ka macrocharcoal disappears from the sediments, suggesting high severity fires disappeared from the local landscape after this time. This decline in fire follows a decrease in herbivory within the landscape and occurs against a backdrop of increasing precipitation. We suggest that this combination of factors resulted in the loss of fire and contributed to the rise of a vegetation formation around Lake Bosumtwi during the Holocene that was unlike any seen in the last c. 500 ka.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"717 ","pages":"Article 109636"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Quaternary palaeoenvironmental and palaeogeographic evolution in the Fuego river valley, central Tierra del Fuego, southern South America","authors":"Pamela Alli ,&nbsp;Alejandro Montes ,&nbsp;Soledad Candel ,&nbsp;Ana María Borromei ,&nbsp;Silvana Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Andrea Coronato ,&nbsp;Ramiro López","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Palaeoenvironmental and palaeogeographic evolution were reconstructed from a Late Quaternary sedimentary section at Fuego river valley (53° 58.602′ S - 67° 32.230′ W) on the Atlantic coast of the forest-steppe ecotone, central Tierra del Fuego, southern Argentina. This multiproxy study integrates geomorphology, palynology (sporomorphs and non-pollen palynomorphs-NPPs), sedimentology, tephrochronology, and geochemical parameters (organic matter content). During Marine Isotopic Stage 5e, the shoreline configuration resembled the present but was positioned 13–15 m above the current mean sea level. Subsequently, fluvial erosion processes, associated with a drop in base-level, shaped the coastal landscape, creating canyons and narrow valleys. In the Early Holocene (approximately 10,000 cal yr BP), the development of salt carpet vegetation dominated by Chenopodiaceae, along with the presence of marine palynomorphs, suggests that the Fuego River valley was inundated during the Holocene marine transgression driven by post-glacial sea-level rise. A subsequent interval characterized by low palynomorph content is attributed to taphonomic processes that impeded palynomorph preservation, hindering the detailed reconstruction of environmental conditions during the mid-Holocene maximum marine transgression. In the Late Holocene, after 1200 cal yr BP, the development of grassland (Poaceae) and herbaceous (Caryophyllaceae) vegetation was associated with alluvial environments, while the presence of freshwater aquatic palynomorphs suggests shallow freshwater conditions near the study area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"720 ","pages":"Article 109683"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine terrace staircases of western Iberia: Uplift rate patterns from rocky limestone coasts of central Portugal (Cape Raso - Abano beach and Cape Espichel)","authors":"António A. Martins ,&nbsp;Margarida P. Gouveia ,&nbsp;Pedro P. Cunha ,&nbsp;João Cabral ,&nbsp;Alberto Gomes ,&nbsp;Christophe Falguères ,&nbsp;Pierre Voinchet ,&nbsp;Martin Stokes ,&nbsp;Bento Caldeira ,&nbsp;Jan-Pieter Buylaert ,&nbsp;Andrew S. Murray ,&nbsp;Jean-Jacques Bahain ,&nbsp;Silvério Figueiredo","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.109657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.109657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Western Iberian Peninsula is undergoing compressive tectonic reactivation, resulting in spatial and temporal variations of surface uplift. Uplift quantification can be undertaken in coastal settings using staircases of shore platforms developed onto rocky headlands. This study analyses two marine terrace staircases in central Portugal: Cape Raso - Abano beach and Cape Espichel. Geomorphic and stratigraphic analyses identified marine terraces/shore platforms developed below a culminant shore platform, four at Cape Raso and eleven at Cape Espichel. The terrace chronology was obtained by using ESR and pIRIR dating. Using the interactions between the elevation, age and global mean sea-level elevations, the marine terraces were correlated with Marine Isotope Stages (MIS). The shore platforms at the Cape Espichel are more elevated than the coeval references at the Cape Raso - Abano beach and this indicates differential uplift. Considering the culminant shore platform (3.7 Ma), for the Espichel W promontory the estimated long-term uplift rate is ∼0.03 m/ka, but for the Cape Raso is only ∼0.01 m/ka. Also, by using the shore platform considered as produced by the MIS 15 high stand (∼572 ka), the estimated uplift rate for the Espichel W promontory is ∼0.13 m/ka, but for the Cape Raso is ∼0.07 m/ka. The Espichel W promontory terrace staircase also allows to deduce that the estimated uplift rate was nearly constant during ∼600 ka to ∼200 ka ago (∼0.13–0.11 m/kA), but it after decreases (∼0.06–0.01 m/ka).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"720 ","pages":"Article 109657"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pompeii: Seeds and fruits from workshop VII 14, 3","authors":"Silvia Pallecchi ,&nbsp;Elisabetta Castiglioni ,&nbsp;Mauro Rottoli","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a study of carpological remains discovered at Pompeii (VII 14, 3) during archaeological investigations conducted by the University of Genoa. Samples were collected from contexts spanning from the late 3rd century BC to 79 AD. During this time-frame, the area underwent numerous transformations, serving consecutively as an open space with latrines, a disposal site for domestic waste, a location for craft workshops, and ultimately hosting a workshop.</div><div>Except for a few samples preserved for future analysis, sediments from the contexts examined underwent thorough water-sieving on a declining-mesh sieve column and simultaneous flotation. The material examined comes from 60 samples (15 obtained via visual inspection and 45 by means of flotation) relating to 29 stratigraphic units, totalling approximately 2.2 m³ of soil.</div><div>Given the sealed and undisturbed nature of these contexts, the consistent composition of accumulations derived from faeces and food remains, in both the older and newer latrines and the refuse dump, suggests a continuity in dietary choices lasting several centuries, despite the evolving use of the area.</div><div>Carpological remains provide minimal evidence of natural environments or other anthropized contexts, highlighting the cleanliness and orderliness of the area occupied by latrines and the refuse dump, which functioned as a well-maintained courtyard.</div><div>The collective data suggest that this part of the city was already fully urbanized by the 2nd century BC. Stratigraphic evidence indicates continued activity even after the foundation of the Roman colony, portraying a diverse consumption pattern including various major cereals (<em>Hordeum</em> and <em>Triticum</em> spp.), along with millet and foxtail millet, some legumes, other vegetables, and abundant fruits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"720 ","pages":"Article 109671"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing the history of a Mediterranean terraced landscape: Interdisciplinary research in the Cinque Terre coastal region (NW Italy)","authors":"Valentina Pescini ,&nbsp;Alessandro Panetta ,&nbsp;Bruna Ilde Menozzi ,&nbsp;Carlo Montanari","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109670","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"719 ","pages":"Article 109670"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Debris production, transport, and sedimentation at high fluid pressures in subglacial conduits","authors":"Adrian Hall ,&nbsp;Mikis van Boeckel","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.109650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.109650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We lack robust criteria to identify where and when subglacial fluid pressures exceeded ice overburden pressure during debris production, transport, and deposition at former ice sheet beds. In this study, we use hydraulic damage as a marker for locations where overpressure (P_w ≥ P_i) developed. We focus on former subglacial conduits in Uppland, east-central Sweden, which represent Röthlisberger, Nye, and Hooke channels and lie on the floors of kilometre-wide subglacial meltwater corridors. The conduit floors show examples of hydrofracture, hydraulic jacking, and hydraulic bursting, with pervasive brecciation and fracture fill. Previous work has shown that subglacial rock hydrofracture requires fluid pressures greater than ice-overburden pressure to overcome the tensile strengths of old fractures (≤0.7 MPa) and of unfractured Precambrian gneisses (&gt;8 MPa). Critically, at our sites, hydraulic damage was generated during high energy mass and fluid flows. In subglacial meltwater corridors, decimetre to metre depth sheetflow was initially dominant, with concentration of flow in broad, shallow H-channels. Hydraulic damage in rock was accompanied by till dilation and fluidisation, with pressure driven debris flows. In R- and N-channels, we identify distinctive sedimentary features that developed as conduits opened under overpressured pipeflow. These include high rubble concentrations that were sourced from the disintegration of underlying bedrock, rubble diamictons or poorly sorted and matrix-supported gravels interpreted as short-lived debris flows, coupled debris-hyperconcentrated flows, transport of large boulders under buoyancy, fluid escape structures, and sediment freezing due to instantaneous decompression. Similar assemblages of hydraulic damage and sedimentary features record the arrival and passage of pressurised subglacial flood waves and the concentration of sheetflow into conduits during historic jökulhaups. Major subglacial floods developed in Uppland during rapid final melt of the last Fennoscandian Ice Sheet in the early Holocene. We find that transient high subglacial fluid pressures contributed significantly to (i) the production of fresh rock debris, (ii) the erosion and recycling of till, and (iii) the transport and deposition of dense slurries in subglacial conduits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"720 ","pages":"Article 109650"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}