Quaternary International最新文献

{"title":"Ethnic conflicts and their relationship with temperature change in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its vicinity during the past 2000 years","authors":"Rengzhen Shi ,&nbsp;Yun Su ,&nbsp;Jingxue Pan ,&nbsp;Yuan Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of global warming, the study of climate change and its impacts has garnered significant attention. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with its unique natural environment and socio-cultural significance, plays a crucial role in climate change and the development of the Chinese nation. Investigating the historical interactions, development, and socio-climatic background of the nomadic groups on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and agricultural ethnic groups in eastern China contributes to understanding the intrinsic mechanisms of how climate change affects the social interconnectivity of different ethnic groups. This paper is founded on an analysis of 450 conflict events between these groups, as reflected in ancient Chinese war chronicles and ethnic relations annals, creating a decadal conflict sequence from the Eastern Han to the Qing Dynasty (25AD-1910AD). The study conducts a correlation analysis and phase-wise statistical comparison between the climate research findings and the ethnic conflict sequence, specifically examining their relationship with temperature. The main findings are: (1) From the Eastern Han to the Qing Dynasty, a total of 876 conflicts occurred between the ethnic groups in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its vicinity (averaging 4.6 conflicts per decade), with 62.1% initiated by the Ethnic groups on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and 66.6% won by the Ethnic groups in eastern China; (2) The frequency of conflicts is primarily correlated with temperatures in the Eastern region, with a less distinct correlation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. During overall warmer periods, conflict incidents were more frequent, with a higher proportion initiated by the Ethnic groups on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Conversely, in colder periods, there were fewer conflicts, with an increased proportion initiated by the Ethnic groups in eastern China; (3) Unlike conflicts between the Ethnic groups in northwestern and eastern China, the Ethnic groups on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau's external expansion was not a primary objective, indicating that the conflicts were mainly driven by regional economic strength and land productivity. The temperature can reduce land productivity by limiting the growth potential of crops and livestock or by reducing the advance to restrict their production. As a result, water resources, as a condition of land productivity variation, and climate became significant backgrounds for ethnic interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"711 ","pages":"Pages 21-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linguistic, archaeological and genetic evidence suggests multiple agriculture-driven migrations of Sino-Tibetan speakers from Northern China to the Indian subcontinent","authors":"Guillaume Jacques ,&nbsp;Chris Stevens","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spread of language families is hypothesized to have occurred via agricultural and demographic transitions that drove populations outwards from agricultural centres of origin, “demic diffusion”. However, the geographical origins of language families are often tied to where greatest linguistic diversity is seen. For the Sino-Tibetan language family this creates a conflict, as maximal linguistic diversity lies in North-Eastern India and Nepal, whereas centres of Neolithic crop domestication in the Yellow and Yangtze River Basins have low linguistic diversity today. Therefore either Sino-Tibetan languages originated in North-Eastern India, and spread by means other than demic diffusion; or multiple diffusions of agriculturalists occurred from a once linguistically diverse homeland, in which linguistic diversity was maintained or increased as peoples spread westwards, but was lost in the homeland.</div><div>To explore these two hypotheses, using evidence from linguistics, archaeology and genetics, we compiled existing data on Chinese millets, cultivated trees, and agricultural tools (harvesting knives, shouldered spades) alongside data for wheat and barley from Western Eurasia. These elements were explored alongside existing information from genetic studies and for West Asian animal domesticates.</div><div>We differentiate a northern cultural and southern demic diffusion for various elements originating in East Asia. In Central Asia a small number of eastern Eurasian elements (millets by 2500 BC, spades by 1st millennium BC) spread west through pre-existing agricultural populations by cultural-diffusion, but significantly did not include language families nor genetic lineages. The southern dispersal driven by demic diffusion of millet farmers carried a more expansive range of eastern cultural elements; millets, spades, hairpins, harvesting knives, house plans, and significantly languages and genetic lineages. We hypothesize a period of demic diffusion beginning c.2500-2000 BC from the southeastern Plateau through Eastern Tibet and the Himalayan foothills, brought peoples, languages and Eastern Eurasian cultural elements eventually to the Kashmir region. We conclude two routes, the Sichuan–Tibet–Kashmir and Yunnan–Assam ones, are the most plausible pathways linking Northern China and Northern India during this period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"711 ","pages":"Pages 1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphogenetic and palaeoenvironmental evolution of the Lagoon of Kotychi in western Peloponnese, Greece, during the Holocene","authors":"Diana Barra ,&nbsp;Carlo Donadio ,&nbsp;Luca Lämmle ,&nbsp;Archimedes Perez Filho ,&nbsp;Leonidas Stamatopoulos ,&nbsp;Alessio Valente ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Kontopoulos ,&nbsp;Roberta Parisi ,&nbsp;Corrado Stanislao ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Aiello","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.07.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multidisciplinary researches allowed us to describe the morphological and palaeoenvironmental dynamics of the Kotychi Lagoon in the Holocene. This transition environment is separated from the open sea by a low barrier and has limited communication with it through a stable, short, and narrow inlet. The lagoon is limited by a modern alluvial plain made by several streams. Along the landward lagoon margins, small-scale deltas of these streams prograded into the lagoon. Intertidal and supratidal mud flats developed among the deltas, covered with vegetation (<em>e.g</em>., <em>Salicornia</em> sp.). Northwards, the lagoon is limited by a large marshy area. To the North of this area, a group of well-developed beach ridges parallel to the current shoreline is present. These are affected by erosion, and migrating sandy dunes have buried some of the beach ridges. South of the lagoon, the ancient Peneus River delta is located. The bottom depth in the Kotychi Lagoon decreases gradually from the landward of the barrier to the inner lagoon margins. Although the maximum depth is about 2.5 m in front of the inlet, the average depth is only 0.5 m. The main lithological type of the lagoon sediments is sandy mud, with some exceptions in the eastern edge of the lagoon and some locations around it where silty-clayey sediment was deposited. According to geomorphological surveys and palaeoecological interpretation of two cores analysis as well as with previous researches and datings, the recent morphogenetic evolution of this lagoon is mainly due to three Holocene phases: 1) 7-4 ka BP: sediment filling, development of a primitive open lagoon; 2) 4–1.5 ka BP: development of sandy ridges, partially closed lagoon; 3) 1.5 ka BP - present-day: closed lagoon, with one mouth. Fractal analysis confirms that currently the basin shape is evolving from a lagoon towards a coastal pond, due to contraction and filling up by sediments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"710 ","pages":"Pages 66-94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Holocene morphosedimentary and palaeoenvironmental study of the Middle Drâa river basin (southeastern Morocco)","authors":"Fatima Saadi ,&nbsp;Larbi Boudad ,&nbsp;Jean-François Berger","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The alluvial filling of the middle basin of the Drâa River (southeastern Morocco) has recorded hydrogeomorphological responses to environmental changes. A systematic study of the Holocene fluvial terraces along an upstream-downstream section of about a hundred kilometers, combined with a sedimentary multiproxy study, was carried out on the alluvial archives of the Drâa's river. The stratigraphic field studies, combined with granulometric and geochemical X-ray Fluorescence analyses and radiocarbon dating, enable us to propose, for the first time, a reconstruction of the major stages in the morpho-hydrodynamic and paleo-environmental evolution of the middle Drâa river over the past 3500 years. Our results highlight six morpho-hydrodynamic and paleoenvironmental phases. Between 3500–2700 and 1800–1600 cal BP, the Drâa river was highly active, associated with torrential activity, reflecting arid climatic conditions. The lack of sedimentary record observed between 2800 and 2350 cal BP points either to a phase of erosion, or to a minimal and discontinuous activity that left no traces in the studied archives. The periods 2350–1800 (Roman Warm Period) and 1600–550 cal BP (Medieval Climate Anomaly) are characterized by strong fine and more regular alluviation punctuated by episodes of low energy of the Drâa floodplain, sometimes favoring fluviosols development that showed similar characteristics in the three outcrops studied. Finally, from 550 cal BP the fluvial records generally shows signs of anthropization, marked by the formation of anthrosols characteristic of fluvial oasis construction, and associated with the presence of ceramics and hearths, in which eolization features are frequent. The comparison of Drâa evolution in a broader paleohydrological and climatic context, integrating other Moroccan studies and regional data, shows solid connection with the river, lakes, and marine archives from the southern Mediterranean to the Western Sahelian steppe zones, revealing a clear response of this large hydrosystem to regional climatic variations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"710 ","pages":"Pages 29-48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bows and arrows in South America: Advances and debates","authors":"Erik J. Marsh,&nbsp;Silvina Celeste Castro,&nbsp;Lucía Yebra,&nbsp;Valeria Cortegoso","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"704 ","pages":"Pages 1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical environmental change has increased disastrous flooding in Italy's northwestern Apennines (1511–2021 CE)","authors":"Nazzareno Diodato ,&nbsp;Andrea Mandarino ,&nbsp;Gianni Bellocchi","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.08.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Damaging hydrological events can profoundly impact societies. This study reconstructs the longest flood history to date for the Orba River Basin (ORB) in northwestern Italy, from 1511 to 2021 CE. Using the Annual Flood Damage Index, we establish a continuous annual hydrological time-series. Our analysis, incorporating a seasonally-weighted function for interannual storm effects, uncovers anthropogenic influences on the ORB's fluvial landscape and flood characteristics. Specifically, a change-point emerged around the end of the Little Ice Age and the subsequent warming period (<em>c.</em> 1816), after which more intense storms prevailed. Remarkably, recent flood peaks align with heightened climate hazards, proving more extreme and unpredictable on a small scale in disaster-prone areas. Additionally, this study acknowledges competitive forcing factors on a larger scale, including landscape changes due to peasant civilisation expansion and 19th-century deforestation. Broader-scale factors, exemplified by the global impact of the 1815 eruption of Tambora in Indonesia, may have influenced the post-1816 climate conditions. These results emphasise the importance of considering both human-induced disturbances and precipitation occurrences in comprehending a territory's environmental history.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"710 ","pages":"Pages 18-28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstruction of landscape change of Shyok valley, Ladakh during Late Quaternary using OSL technique","authors":"Pranshu Bhardwaj ,&nbsp;Y.C. Nagar ,&nbsp;Tejpal Singh ,&nbsp;M.S. Shekhar ,&nbsp;A. Ganju","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Shyok Valley, within the Upper Indus Basin in Trans-Himalayas, lies in the cold and arid region. It is fed by the Siachen glacier; the largest glacier in the third pole. The fluctuations in this glacier are attributed to varying intensities of the two weather regimes namely mid-latitude westerlies and Southwest Monsoon. The reconstruction of the magnitude, timing, and landscape impact of glaciers in Nubra-Shyok valley have been explored in past decade yet they are contentious and uncertain. Therefore, the present study investigates the sediments from the key sites (Agham, Khardung, Changmar, Chalunka) in the Shyok valley using Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating technique. The diverse geomorphology, including moraines, sand dunes, mass movement zone, alluvial fans are mapped to represent the geomorphic setting of the region. The chronological ages from the lower Shyok Valley (Agham section: 18.4 ± 2.2 ka) suggest extensive glacier expansion beyond the present terminus of the Siachen Glacier during the Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS)-2. The Khardung section has glaciofluvial deposits: 24.0 ± 2.4 ka (KHG-1), younger moraine: 8.2 ± 1.0 ka (KHG-9) and lacustrine deposits (KHGL-5, KHGL-6, KHGL-7): 14.1 ± 2.0 ka, 12.1 ± 1.1 ka, 10.7 ± 1.3 ka. The glacial events that occurred around 8.2 ka and 12.0 ka suggest glacial advancement which are likely due to a period of lower temperature. The Changmar section displays lacustrine deposits and debris flow events dated to the late glacial (14.5 ± 1.7 ka, CHG-1; 13.2 ± 1.6 ka, CHG-2) and deglaciation period (6.5 ± 1.2 ka, CHG-3; 5.5 ± 1.0 ka, CHG-4). The presence of the Holocene-aged lateral moraines (20 km away from Chalunka village: 14.3 ± 1.3 ka, CLM-2; 5.7 ± 0.9 ka, CLM-3; 0.4 ± 0.04 ka, CLM-4) and CHG-8: 2.1 ± 0.3 ka; outwash plain deposits: COP-7: 2.4 ± 0.4 ka aligns with the previous findings in the Nubra Valley, suggesting glacial advance in Little Ice Age in the whole valley. The glacial event occurring between 2.4 and 2.1 ka corresponds to the Neoglacial epoch, characterized by a glacial advance likely caused by a decrease in temperature during the late Holocene period. The intensified mid-latitude westerlies during MIS-2 are inferred to be the key factor in increased moisture to the Shyok Valley which led to the glacier expansion. These findings enhance our understanding of past climate changes in this high-altitude region and serve as a valuable baseline for future studies on glacial response to climate variations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"710 ","pages":"Pages 1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Late Intermediate Period in the south-central Andes (AD 1000–1450): Key problems in chronology","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2023.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2023.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Late Intermediate Period (LIP, cal AD 1000–1450) in the central Andes is defined as a hiatus after the collapse of Tiwanaku and Wari, expansive state polities of the Middle Horizon (cal AD 600–1000), and before the domination of the Inca empire in the Late Horizon (cal AD 1450–1532). The LIP is often characterized as a unit, but major developments took place within this long period, including diasporic migrations and the new colonization of some regions, demographic change, intensified conflict, large-scale adverse climate episodes, and changes associated with the onset of Inca expansion. Here we make a preliminary attempt to clarify the chronology of these developments. A database of published and new radiocarbon dates is compiled for the south-central highlands and coastal valleys in order to model overall and subregional demographic trends using an updated “dates-as-data” cumulative kernel density estimate (CKDE) approach, and to examine specific LIP phenomena in two subregions. Our results indicate major demographic change including 1) substantial population growth beginning in the 13th century, 2) a marked 14th-century population surge in most, but not all, subregions included here, 3) evidence of population decline in several subregions during the same intervals when neighboring populations are expanding. Population growth was associated with intensified violence and increased physiological stress in the upper Nasca drainage. In the altiplano of Peru and Bolivia, population growth accompanied the rise of defensive hillforts and monumental cemeteries. Our date models also indicate a more complicated terminal LIP in the altiplano, with the height of classically “LIP” societies overlapping with early evidence for imperial Inca presence. This paper highlights the ways that more refined chronology can make advances in our understanding of a turbulent post-collapse era in the Andes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"703 ","pages":"Pages 8-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135762278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moche chronology of ancient Peru: Bayesian assessment of radiocarbon dates and ceramic styles from north to south","authors":"Michele L. Koons ,&nbsp;Branden Cesare Rizzuto ,&nbsp;Lisa Trever ,&nbsp;Alicia Boswell ,&nbsp;Augusto Bazán Pérez ,&nbsp;Luis A. Muro Ynoñán ,&nbsp;Gabriel Prieto ,&nbsp;Carlos Rengifo ,&nbsp;Kayeleigh Sharp ,&nbsp;Edward Swenson ,&nbsp;Hugo Ikehara-Tsukayama ,&nbsp;Jessica Ortiz Zevallos ,&nbsp;Tirza Cotrina Roncal ,&nbsp;Richard J. George ,&nbsp;Jose M. Capriles ,&nbsp;Fuyuki Tokanai","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2024.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the last decade Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates has become commonplace for archaeologists grappling with regional chronologies. Here we present Bayesian analysis for radiocarbon dates from Moche cultural contexts from the north coast of Peru with the aim to understand the duration of the phenomenon and to compile all known dates in a single location for future analysis and use. The analysis demonstrates that the long-standing Moche ceramic sequence does not provide a perfect proxy for tracking the timing of all social interactions. However, our results show general agreement with traditional relative Moche chronologies. Finally, our study shows that Moche was a shorter cultural phenomenon than has been previously argued, with the current data indicating that it began between the late 4th and early 6th centuries CE and lasted until the 9th century CE.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"703 ","pages":"Pages 82-96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618224001642/pdfft?md5=d4e5947c5e138f8e5d25cd5115fd9339&pid=1-s2.0-S1040618224001642-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and temporal trends in Peru's radiocarbon record of middle Holocene foragers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2023.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2023.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The middle Holocene saw major changes in political and socioeconomic organization in Peru. Still, not all Peruvian groups transitioned to food production or engaged in mound or monument construction, yet we know relatively little about those who maintained a mobile lifestyle centered on foraging. Using GIS and statistical analyses to interrogate a database of radiocarbon dates, we assess the Peruvian record of forager distributions through the middle Holocene. We identify patterns consistent with biases stemming from disproportionate research attention, regional and intrasite sampling methodologies, and taphonomy that may be hampering our study of middle Holocene foragers. Further confounding our understanding of foragers during this period are reports of middle Holocene radiocarbon gaps attributed to population decline across South America in response to climate-induced scarcity of freshwater and other resources. We show, however, that this might also be an artifact of sampling in some cases and argue for both increased archaeological attention to middle Holocene foragers and greater awareness of perceptual biases that might influence research design and, therefore, research attention and outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"703 ","pages":"Pages 1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}