Quaternary International最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the usage of flammability experiments and charcoal reflectance for interpreting the late Holocene record of fire","authors":"Alicja Bonk ,&nbsp;Claire M. Belcher ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Wacnik ,&nbsp;Wojciech Tylmann","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Palaeofire reconstructions typically rely on quantifying fossil charcoal abundance to estimate fire regimes, but this approach does not provide direct information about the preservation of biomass that burned or the energy release of past fires. Here we combine observations of the degradation state of fossil charcoal, using reflected light microscopy, with measurements of charcoal reflectance. We propose that this combined approach enables: 1) the identification of whether plant material burned in palaeofires was degraded prior to charring or was in a fresh state, and 2) inference of the likely energy regime of palaeofires. To demonstrate the potential of this proxy-based method, we apply it to fossil charcoal extracted from a sediment core from Lake Żabińskie in north-eastern Poland, and integrate the results with pollen data to identify periods when palaeofire regimes were likely dominated by low-intensity litter fires, as opposed to more intense surface or crown fires burning live fuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"756 ","pages":"Article 110095"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145771910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New chronological data for the Middle Paleolithic hominin occupations at Anghilak Cave, Uzbekistan","authors":"Yoshihiro Nishiaki ,&nbsp;Otabek Aripdjanov ,&nbsp;Michelle Glantz ,&nbsp;Toru Tamura ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Kitagawa ,&nbsp;Saiji Arai ,&nbsp;Terrence Ritzman ,&nbsp;Rustam Suleymanov","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anghilak Cave in southern Uzbekistan is one of the rare Middle Paleolithic sites associated with a hominin fossil in Central Asia. The radiocarbon dates from the 2002–2004 excavations once indicated that the hominin occupations of this site may have persisted into the Upper Paleolithic time-range (approximately 30–50 ka); we conducted additional research to verify those dates using different techniques and materials. This paper presents new sets of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates based on the samples from our renewed excavations between 2013 and 2017. The results suggest that the Middle Paleolithic layers of Anghilak are likely to be earlier than or at least close to the current limit of AMS dating, and they may go back to as early as 55–85 ka. Accordingly, we regard the Anghilak occupations representing a late Middle Paleolithic rather than those involving the Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition or showing a robust example of the late survival of the Middle Paleolithic. At the same time, this new finding helps to develop a better chronology for the Middle Paleolithic hominin occurrences in Central Asia, when different cultural groups may have co-existed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"756 ","pages":"Article 110096"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of the last ice sheet on the northern fringe of Poland: reconstruction inferred from landform analysis and 10Be surface exposure dating","authors":"Karol Tylmann ,&nbsp;Vincent Rinterknecht ,&nbsp;Piotr P. Woźniak ,&nbsp;Damian Moskalewicz ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Bielicka-Giełdoń","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper presents new results of glacial landforms mapping and analysis based on high-resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and ¹⁰Be surface exposure dating of erratic boulders on the northern fringe of Poland. We aimed to reconstruct the main ice-marginal positions, local ice flow directions and timing of the ice margin retreat during the last deglaciation. A total number of 532 glacial landforms were mapped, including: 274 moraine ridges, 68 subglacial lineations, 74 overridden moraines, 52 eskers, 47 subglacial valleys, 5 subglacial meltwater corridors (SMCs), and 12 ice-marginal valleys. Nine erratic boulders have been dated giving ¹⁰Be age range between 2.2 ± 0.5 ka and 17.8 ± 1.8 ka with the most reliable ages between 12.5 ± 1.1 ka and 17.8 ± 1.8 ka. We interpret landforms distribution and obtained ¹⁰Be ages together with geomorphological context of dated boulders in six detailed regions located along the east-west transect. Our results suggest that the ice-marginal landsystems across the study area are composed of distinct ice lobes and the ice margin stillstands in the area was tentatively dated to ∼18 ka and most likely younger around Lake Gardno. It is also possible that the timing for the particular ice streams/ice lobes could be diverse from east to west, which largely hinder efforts to correlate ice-marginal belts along the ice sheet and to date them as distinct phases of glaciation/deglaciation, i.e. discrete time intervals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"756 ","pages":"Article 110098"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation dynamics, corresponding climate change and Indian Summer Monsoon variability during the Middle-to Late Holocene from the Core Monsoon Zone, India: Reflection of the 8.2 ka event?","authors":"Nagendra Prasad ,&nbsp;Mohammad Firoze Quamar ,&nbsp;Maneesha M. E.T. ,&nbsp;Pooja Tiwari ,&nbsp;Biswajeet Thakur ,&nbsp;Anupam Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We provide records of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) variability since ca. 8220 cal yr BP from the Core Monsoon Zone (CMZ), India. The study revealed that between ca. 8220 and 7600 cal yr BP, tree savannah vegetation occupied the landscape under a cool-dry climate, indicating a reduced ISM rainfall. This phase of harsh climate broadly coincides, rather overlaps with the global “8.2 ka cooling event” of the North Atlantic. Visual inspection of the pollen diagram, however, does not reveal a clear signal of the ‘8.2 ka’ event. Lack of robust chronology, coarse sampling resolution (4 cm intervals), pollen preservation bias, and ‘insensitive’ vegetation response to the most severe Holocene cooling event in the Northern Hemisphere could be cited as plausible reasons for the non-detection of the global ‘8.2 ka event’. The ISM gradually evolved during ca. 7600‒4980 cal yr BP, ca. 4980‒3775 cal yr BP, ca. 3775‒920 cal yr BP, and ca. 920 ‒145 cal yr BP, which likely supported open forest vegetation, open-mixed tropical deciduous forests, mixed tropical deciduous forests, and dense mixed tropical deciduous forests, respectively, around the study area. A relatively less intensified ISM rainfall since ca. 145 cal yr BP to the present was suggested, which likely supported mixed tropical deciduous forests in a warm and a relatively less humid climate, around the landscape of the study area in the CMZ, India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"756 ","pages":"Article 110103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Pleistocene morphological variability of Uvigerina cocoaensis and its subspecies in the quasi-isolated Central Equatorial Indian Ocean Basin","authors":"Puja Vijay ,&nbsp;Neelakantan Ravindran Nisha ,&nbsp;Naveen Gandhi","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Central Equatorial Indian Ocean (CEIO) constitutes a key region for inter-basin water exchange within the Indian Ocean, primarily modulated by the seasonal reversal of the summer and winter monsoons. The CEIO also contributes indirectly to global ocean circulation by linking equatorial Indian Ocean processes with exchanges through the Indonesian Throughflow and to ventilation pathways of the Arabian Sea. In the present investigation, the core location is situated near the Cape Comorin Ridge in the CEIO, and the ridge serves as a topographic barrier that restricts inter-basin water exchange, thereby creating a quasi-isolated regional basin. This quasi-isolation provides a unique natural setting to study localized circulation, water mass transformation, and biogeochemical processes. The deep-sea benthic foraminiferal records of the CEIO shows a high abundance and diversity of uvigerinids since this region is uniquely influenced by a strong oxygen minimum zone, monsoon-driven productivity, and semi-isolated circulation. <em>Uvigerina cocoaensi</em>s and its subspecies, recorded from the study area, serve as key bioindicators of past oceanographic and climatic conditions. The observed morphological adaptations reflect environmental changes closely tied to glacial-interglacial cycles. Stratigraphic records obtained through the present investigation further reveal a progressive climatic transition, underscoring the significance of <em>U. cocoaensis</em> as a proxy for reconstructing paleoenvironmental dynamics in the CEIO. This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of <em>U. cocoaensis</em> and its subspecies from the Indian Ocean, drawing the evolutionary trajectory of these species within the CEIO during the Late Pleistocene. Detailed morphometric and taxonomic analyses of <em>U. cocoaensis</em> and its subspecies from this region suggests that the CEIO may have functioned as a quasi-isolated basin during the Late Pleistocene, promoting localized evolutionary processes. Notably, while <em>U. cocoaensis</em> has a long stratigraphic record in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean dating back to the Tertiary (Eocene), its late Pleistocene expression in the CEIO highlights a distinct regional evolutionary pathway. The appearance (∼85 cal ka BP) and disappearance (∼138 cal ka BP) of <em>U. cocoaensis</em> and its subspecies in the CEIO reflect adaptive responses to oceanographic and climatic perturbations, including shifts in productivity, water mass properties, and oxygenation levels of the region. Thus, their first recovery in the CEIO provides new regional evidence to reconstruct paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic conditions of the area, highlighting the potential of the CEIO as a quasi-isolated regional basin in the marine realm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"756 ","pages":"Article 110105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foraminiferal and geochemical evidence of the late Quaternary monsoon and oceanographic shifts in the southern Bay of Bengal","authors":"Kavya Aravind ,&nbsp;Neelakandan Ravindran Nisha ,&nbsp;Naveen Gandhi ,&nbsp;Pankaj Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The southern Bay of Bengal (BoB) is a pivotal region for paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic research, owing to its intricate interactions among monsoonal dynamics, ocean circulation, sedimentation patterns, and regional hydrology. Being the northern boundary of the tropical Indian Ocean, the area experiences significant freshwater input from major river systems and is modulated by the seasonal monsoonal wind regime. In this study, we present the first high-resolution, multi-proxy reconstruction of surface hydrographic and climatic variations over the past 44 kyr BP in the southern BoB. Our analysis integrates stable isotope records, planktonic foraminiferal assemblage distributions, textural studies and trace elemental data. The stable isotope records, along with the planktonic foraminiferal species abundances, indicate a strengthened Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) during Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 1 and 3, whereas a weakened ISM with predominant northeast monsoon influence during MIS 2. Species such as <em>Globigerinoides ruber</em>, <em>Pulleniatina obliquiloculata</em>, and <em>Neogloboquadrina dutertrei</em> exhibit sensitivity to variations in temperature, salinity, and thermocline depth, displaying distinct responses during major climatic events such as the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), Heinrich Events, and the Younger Dryas. Proxy records reveal rapid deglacial warming coupled with monsoon intensification, while mid-Holocene trends suggest a gradual weakening of the ISM. Cluster and factor analyses effectively differentiate surface, thermocline, and subsurface dwelling foraminiferal species, facilitating comprehensive reconstructions of vertical water column structures. Fluctuations in planktonic/benthic foraminiferal (PF/BF) ratios, along with variations in trace elements such as molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V), and uranium (U), underscore changes in productivity and bottom-water oxygenation over the last 44 kyr BP in the southern BoB. This comprehensive dataset highlights the intricate interplay between global climatic forces and regional monsoonal variability, which have collectively shaped the paleoceanographic evolution of the southern Bay of Bengal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"756 ","pages":"Article 110106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The carnivore great turnover during the Middle Pleistocene and the role of the MIS 12 glaciations in this process","authors":"Adrian Marciszak ,&nbsp;Grzegorz Lipecki ,&nbsp;Małgorzata Kot","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2026.110143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2026.110143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Analysis of carnivore remains from Tunel Wielki Cave revealed the presence of highly diversified composition, representing two different faunal assemblages. Carnivores are an admixture of ancient and modern forms, such as <em>Lycaon lycaonoides</em>, <em>Canis lupus mosbachensis</em>, <em>Panthera gombaszogensis gombaszogensis</em>, <em>Homotherium latidens latidens</em>, those whose occurrence dates back 2 mya, and in the case of some forms even over 3 mya. These species are already in decline, and this is one of their last, relic occurrences. For them, the next 50–80 kya will be the time of their final extinction.</div><div>At the same time, second faunal assemblage signalised upcoming faunal changes. Among them, <em>Cuon alpinus priscus</em>, <em>Ursus deningeri hercynicus</em>, <em>Ursus arctos taubachensis</em>, <em>Gulo gulo</em>, <em>Martes martes</em>, <em>Mustela putorius</em>, <em>Mustela nivalis</em>, <em>Panthera spelaea fossilis</em> are the species confirming the beginning of the faunal turnover. Within the next 100 kya, all ancient species have disappeared, while those carnivores formed the core of the assemblage that survived with small modifications until the end of the Late Pleistocene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"756 ","pages":"Article 110143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D hydrostratigraphic architecture of a Late Pleistocene buried valley infill at Kurikka, west-central Finland","authors":"Annika K. Åberg ,&nbsp;Niko Putkinen ,&nbsp;Nick Eyles ,&nbsp;Juha Davidila ,&nbsp;Michal Malinowski","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Almost 70 % of drinking water in Finland is derived from groundwater in complex glacial and interglacial sediments. The thick (∼70 m) late Pleistocene stratigraphic infill of an extensive (&gt;200 km²) buried bedrock valley cut into the underlying crystalline strata of the Fennoscandian Shield at Kurikka in west-central Finland hosts a complex aquifer system that will be used for municipal water for some 150 000 people. This paper briefly reports ongoing hydrostratigraphic and hydrogeological modelling work, the largest current groundwater investigation of its kind on Finland, aimed at improved management of this strategic water supply. This study integrates geological and downhole geophysical data (resistivity, susceptibility, natural gamma/gamma-gamma density) from some 211 boreholes including seismic reflection profiling, to develop a 3D hydrostratigraphic model of the valley fill based on some 1412 km of geological cross-sections. 18 unconformity-bounded depositional systems are recognized within the fill that record successive phases of deposition during the penultimate glaciation (Saalian till: DS4, ca. 191–130 ka) resting on an older sediment unit of indeterminate age (DS1–DS3, &gt;200 ka), Saalian ice-marginal deposits (DS5), Saalian composite (DS6 ca. 191–130 ka), a thick composite Late Saalian-Eemian-Early-Weichselian sediment package (DS7, ca. 130–74 ka), Weichselian succession (DS9–DS14, ca. 74–12 ka), Late Weichselian deglaciation (DS15, ca. 11 ka) and Holocene postglacial sediments (DS16–18, 11ka – present day). The modelling approach used here provides a framework for investigation of groundwater resources elsewhere in Finland where detailed studies are needed to address the impacts of future climate change on water resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"755 ","pages":"Article 110080"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fossil record, radiocarbon dating (14C AMS) and isotopic paleoecology (δ13C) of Boa sp. Linnaeus, 1758 from the Late Pleistocene of Bahia, Brazil","authors":"Levi Caires Nascimento ,&nbsp;João Paulo da Costa ,&nbsp;Annie Schmaltz Hsiou ,&nbsp;Gabriela Alves Lage ,&nbsp;André Vieira Araújo ,&nbsp;Luciano Artemio Leal ,&nbsp;Alexander Cherkinsky ,&nbsp;Mário André Trindade Dantas","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a detailed analysis of fossilized remains of <em>Boa</em> sp. from the Late Pleistocene, recovered from Toca do Angico in the municipality of Campo Formoso, Bahia, Brazil. The material consists of 29 precloacal vertebrae, representing one of the most numerous Pleistocene assemblages described for the genus in the country. The morphological analysis allowed for a confident taxonomic identification at the generic level, based on a diagnostic set of vertebral characters typical of Boidae and consistent with <em>Boa</em>, although specific-level resolution was not possible due to the lack of reliable osteological differences among species of the genus. Body-size estimates indicate a moderately large individual, with a mean snout–vent length of approximately 2.67 m and an estimated total body length of about 2.96 m, values that exceed the average recorded for most modern individuals but remain within the known limits for the genus. Radiocarbon dating of the specimen yielded a calibrated age between 42,422 and 42,701 cal yr BP. The <em>δ</em>¹³C value (−7.5 ‰), associated with a low <em>p</em>_<em>i</em>C₃ (0.25), indicates that the individual inhabited open environments dominated by C₄ vegetation and fed predominantly on prey isotopically linked to this type of plant cover. Together, these data reinforce the presence of open savanna environments in the interior of northeastern Brazil during the Late Pleistocene. This study expands current knowledge on the distribution, ecology, and paleoenvironmental context of <em>Boa</em> sp., while also highlighting the importance of karst systems for the preservation of the Quaternary fossil record.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"755 ","pages":"Article 110088"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stone and mammoth ivory tool production, circulation, and human dispersals in the middle Tanana Valley, Alaska: Implications for the Pleistocene peopling of the Americas","authors":"Brian T. Wygal ,&nbsp;Kathryn E. Krasinski ,&nbsp;Lillian Barber ,&nbsp;Charles E. Holmes ,&nbsp;Barbara A. Crass","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the middle Tanana Valley of central Alaska, the Holzman archaeological site is located along Shaw Creek's west bank. For the last three decades, the Tanana Valley has been the focus of intense Late Pleistocene archaeological and geological investigations into the interaction between the First Alaskans and Ice Age megafauna, particularly woolly mammoth. Archaeological excavations at the Holzman site have uncovered expedient tools on local quartz with well-preserved hearths, avifauna, and megafauna. Evidence for cooking and ivory tool manufacture dated to 14,000 years ago (14 ka) in component 5b (C5b) has been demonstrated—making Holzman among the earliest sites in the Americas. In the 13.7 ka C5a, an extensive workshop event left abundant local quartz artifacts behind, the by-product of mammoth ivory reduction and manufacture of ivory blanks or preforms, and the earliest known ivory rod tools in the Americas. The Holzman site contributes new information to a growing archaeological record of the middle Tanana Valley during the Late Glacial period. Based on current evidence, the confluence of Shaw Creek with the Tanana River was especially active during the initial arrival of Indigenous people. The subsequent selection of local quartz, cherts, and siltstone occurred with a particular focus on the harvest of woolly mammoth ivory. The evidence suggests a late southern migration by ancestral Clovis people south of the continental ice sheets into the mid-continental North America sometime between 14-13 ka.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"755 ","pages":"Article 110087"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}