Rangeland Ecology & Management最新文献

{"title":"Using Targeted Grazing to Close the Phenological Niche Exploited by Invasive Annual Bromes","authors":"Julie A. Kray ,&nbsp;Dana M. Blumenthal ,&nbsp;Mitchell B. Stephenson ,&nbsp;Lauren M. Porensky ,&nbsp;David J. Augustine ,&nbsp;Seth J. Romero ,&nbsp;Matt C. Mortenson ,&nbsp;Justin D. Derner","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phenological differences between native and invasive plants can facilitate invasion, but can also be targeted by management. In the western Great Plains of North America, the invasive annual grasses <em>Bromus tectorum</em> L. (cheatgrass) and <em>B. arvensis</em> (field brome) begin and end growth earlier than native competitors, providing an opportunity for targeted grazing. However, managers need to know when grazers preferentially consume or avoid annual bromes. We implemented spring targeted grazing for 4 years and quantified temporal cattle consumption patterns at two mixedgrass prairie sites in Wyoming and Nebraska, USA. We used fecal DNA metabarcoding to measure consumption of annual bromes and coexisting native species twice per week. Concurrently, we measured plant phenology, forage quality, and biomass. Within years, brome consumption was predicted effectively using two phenological metrics—plant height and days after seed maturation. Targeted grazing windows, defined as periods with ≥75% of maximum cattle consumption within a year, started when bromes were 9.3 cm (± 3.6 SD) tall, ended one day (± 4 SD) after seed maturation, and lasted 38 d (± 11 SD). Cattle diet quality remained high throughout these grazing windows. Across years, brome consumption ranged from 19% to 55% of total graminoid consumption, and was consistently higher in years when annual bromes grew taller before flowering. Although cattle typically selected for native perennials over annual bromes, spring targeted grazing reduced brome seed production by 30–77% relative to adjacent pastures where grazing began later. These results indicate that simple phenological metrics can predict cattle consumption of bromes during spring, both within and among years. Carefully timing grazing to align with consumption should help managers to control annual bromes and restore native mixedgrass prairie plant communities. More broadly, combining temporal analyses of livestock diets and plant phenology can be useful for precisely targeting grazing of invasive species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 441-453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building Ranch Resilience to Drought: Management Capacity, Planning, and Adaptive Learning During California's 2012–2016 Drought","authors":"Grace Woodmansee ,&nbsp;Dan Macon ,&nbsp;Tracy Schohr ,&nbsp;Leslie Roche","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drought is one of the most complex and destructive natural hazards for rangeland managers to cope with given its inherently variable spatial and temporal impacts. California's devastating 2012–2016 drought highlights a critical need to develop adaptive strategies for coping with an increasingly variable climate. During the 2012–2016 drought, we interviewed 48 California ranchers to assess both on-ranch drought impacts and the effectiveness of implemented drought management practices. Three themes were identified based on the Adaptive Decision-Making Framework: 1) management capacity (i.e., operator demographics and operation structure), 2) drought planning and flexibility, and 3) adaptive learning (i.e., impacts experienced and effectiveness of drought management practices). Ranchers underscored the significance of drought planning, flexible management strategies, and prior experience as key factors that enabled them to navigate the 2012–2016 drought. In addition, ranchers described how explicit, proactive planning informed drought management decisions that prioritized long-term economic and ecological resilience. Although multispecies grazing was the least used proactive practice, it was identified as the most effective proactive practice by interviewed ranchers who had adopted it as a drought management tool (4.38 out of five effectiveness ranking; eight operators). Multispecies grazers (MSGs) significantly differed from single-species grazers (SSGs) in adoption of several reactive drought management practices, suggesting MSGs potentially have greater flexibility in coping with and adapting to drought. Resurgent strategies that prioritize management flexibility to mitigate drought impacts, such as multispecies grazing, may offer promise in helping ranchers adapt to future droughts. Interviewed ranchers emphasized that forward planning, including a range of proactive and reactive management strategies, were key in building flexibility and, ultimately, their resilience to drought.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 63-72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unmanned Aerial Vehicle–Based Remote Sensing of Cattle Dung: Detection, Classification, and Spatial Analysis of Distribution","authors":"Amanda E. Shine ,&nbsp;Martha Mamo ,&nbsp;Gandura O. Abagandura ,&nbsp;Walt Schacht ,&nbsp;Jerry Volesky ,&nbsp;Brian Wardlow","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Documenting the distribution of cattle dung across grazed pastures is an important part of understanding nutrient cycling processes in grasslands. However, investigation of distributions at adequate spatial scales and over extended time periods is hindered by the lack of a time- and cost-efficient method for documenting and monitoring dung pat locations. To address this research challenge, an unmanned aerial vehicle and multispectral sensor were used to identify and classify dung pats. Imagery was collected on 12 flights over a subirrigated meadow in the Nebraska Sandhills, in which two different grazing strategies were being evaluated: an ultrahigh stocking density and a low stocking density. The images were classified using supervised classification with a support vector machine algorithm, and post-classification accuracy was assessed using a confusion matrix. In addition, Ripley’s K was used to identify high-density dung areas at varying densities and spatial extents. The classification had an overall accuracy of 82.6% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.71. The user’s accuracy of dung classification was higher (0.91) than the producer’s (0.73). The majority of classification errors were related to the misclassification of dung as vegetation, often in spectrally complex areas where shadowing affected the ability of the classifier to correctly identify dung. Classification accuracy declined precipitously after dung reached 10-14 d of age, both because of the change in spectral reflectance due to drying and because of the regrowth of vegetation. The density-based cluster analysis found no clustering in the low stocking density treatment; dung in the ultra-high stocking density treatment was most frequently found to be clustered near water sources, in corners, and near supplement feeders. This approach to dung identification, mapping, and spatial cluster analysis is a promising alternative to existing methods and deserves further exploration at additional spatial scales and in diverse ecological settings using current technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 192-203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a Wireless Transmission System in Searching for Hidden Calves in Grazing Land","authors":"Huricha,&nbsp;Hidetoshi Kakihara,&nbsp;Nariyasu Watanabe,&nbsp;Michio Tsutsumi,&nbsp;Kiyoshi Hirano","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Searching for hidden calves in grazing lands is a great burden for herders, although the hiding behavior of calves is important in animal welfare. Recently, wireless transmission services for mountain rescue have attracted considerable attention and the services have branched out into the pet rescue field as well. The transmission device does not utilize global navigation satellite system (GNSS) or internet communication, but only emits a radio signal that can be received by a specific receiver within a specific distance. Therefore, the device is lightweight and can be used for a relatively long time without recharging. We evaluated the effectiveness of the wireless transmission system in reducing the labor required for herders to search for hidden calves in grazing lands. The search trials were conducted in four paddocks (4.8–5.1 ha), which were located on an uneven terrain in the mountains, consisting of pasture and wood sections; therefore, these paddocks were under poor visibility conditions for cattle search. Using a dummy calf that imitated a 1-week-old calf, we performed a total of 40 search trials (five trials each with and without device support in each paddock), and compared the moving distance (search distance) and searching time, with and without device support. Moreover, we conducted 30 search trials using three Japanese Black calves fitted with the devices, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the device support. In the search trials involving dummy calf, the use of the device significantly reduced the moving distance and searching time. In the 30 search trials involving actual calves with device support, hidden calves were found using only the device's indications. There were no device failures or the collars falling off. Therefore, the wireless transmission device is useful for searching for hidden calves in grazing lands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 118-124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Native Plant Community Characteristics After Restoration Efforts in Invaded Tallgrass Prairies","authors":"Jessica E. Mingione ,&nbsp;Jaime J. Coon ,&nbsp;James R. Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.07.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.07.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Invasive grasses reduce native plant diversity in North America's tallgrass prairies and are commonly controlled using herbicide followed by seeding of native plants. Despite the long-term development of plant communities after seeding, evaluations of restoration outcomes rarely exceed 2 yr. Further, plant community development may be influenced by grazing by domestic cattle, a dominant land use in working landscapes that typify the Great Plains, yet this relationship is seldom explored. In the eastern Great Plains, we evaluated plant community characteristics over 8 yr in tallgrass prairies invaded by tall fescue (<em>Schedonorus arundinaceus</em>) after treatment with herbicide followed by seeding native plants. We compared 16 restoration sites seeded once between spring 2014 and 2021 to 2 unrestored, invaded sites and 3 high-diversity reference sites that were not restored. Domestic cattle grazed six restoration sites and one unrestored, invaded site; the remaining sites were ungrazed. In July 2021, we quantified the dominance and cover of herbaceous plants and the composition and richness of seeded species. Annual forb dominance, seeded species establishment and composition, native forb cover, and seeded species richness of older restorations closely resembled references. However, grazed restorations resembled high-quality references less closely than ungrazed restorations. Future studies should consider identifying high-quality reference sites that are grazed because ungrazed references may represent inappropriate target conditions for grazed restorations. The similarities we observed between older restorations and references highlight the importance of long-term evaluations when quantifying restoration outcomes and indicate that treatment with herbicide followed by native seeding has long-lasting positive effects for restoring native plant communities in invaded tallgrass prairies. Enhancing the practicality and effectiveness of restoration efforts in working landscapes is key to supporting grassland restoration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 134-145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Recent Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Grasslands in Slovenia: Contribution to Their Preservation and Management","authors":"Rui Machado ,&nbsp;Pedro Santos ,&nbsp;Nuno Sousa-Neves ,&nbsp;Janez Pirnat","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seminatural European grasslands and pastures have a high conservation value because they provide different goods and services (meat, wool, carbon sequestration, etc.) and harbor diverse communities of plants and animals. These land use systems were created by low- and moderate-intensity use and, nowadays, face threats from both abandonment and overuse. Although less productive or less accessible areas are abandoned, triggering afforestation processes, others are subject to intensive agricultural practices with the addition of production factors and modern management schemes. Neither is comparable with the traditional uses that first formed and maintained these systems for generations, and therefore, it is fundamental to design effective policies to ensure a sustainable territorial coexistence of modern agriculture and traditional pastures and grasslands. In this work, we assessed the recent dynamics of pastures and grasslands in Slovenia. The results show distinct local changes and a nationwide general dynamic of area reduction and loss of patches. After elaborating on how such changes affect the landscape and some species according to their traits, we provide practical recommendations for policy design to contribute to protecting and promoting this land use system. We argue that the two major priorities should be to preserve the most relevant patches and to try to convert other land uses into grasslands, preferably attempting to merge separated patches and thus increasing the mean patch size of grasslands. Overall, by identifying trends, locating the different spatial changes, and complementing with a connectivity analysis, this approach can be valuable in identifying effective measures to protect and improve grasslands. Besides the concrete results obtained from the Slovenian case study, the underlying rationale and workflow can be applied elsewhere to produce similar outputs that help identify land transformation patterns and interpret specific land use category dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 204-213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses in the Physical Structure and Density of Bush Clumps on Piosphere Gradients in an Arid Thicket Mosaic, South Africa","authors":"Anton Schmidt ,&nbsp;Graham Kerley","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hypothesis that transformation of rangelands by domestic mesoherbivores follows state-and-transition models allows for the prediction that the vegetation could cross an ecological threshold. We examine this hypothesis by attempting to identify structural thresholds in Gamka Thicket, a structurally heterogeneous variation of Albany Thicket in South Africa. We relate the physical structure and density of thicket bush clumps to distance from artificial watering points in four piosphere treatments differing in rangeland management history. Furthermore, we compare the pattern, extent, and variation in transformation at the end regions of our piosphere treatments with each other and with a transformed and untransformed reference site. Changes to the density and leaf mass below 1.5 m of bush clumps indicate that their structure is profoundly altered by mesoherbivores. Nevertheless, the evidence is not sufficient to indicate that irreversible changes in the physical structure of bush clumps have taken place and therefore that structural thresholds have been crossed. A useful addition to our sampling design would be to include exclosure plots along the piosphere gradients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Pastoral Reforms Through the Performance of Agro-Pastoral Community-Based Organizations in South Tunisia","authors":"Mariem Sghaier ,&nbsp;Aymen Frija ,&nbsp;Julio Postigo ,&nbsp;Stijn Speelman ,&nbsp;Véronique Alary ,&nbsp;Mongi Sghaier","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pastoralism is one of the most important agricultural production systems in drylands worldwide. It plays an important role in both the economy and the cycle of ecosystem goods and services. However, it is vulnerable to climatic challenges such as prolonged drought and socioeconomic pressures such as administrative shortcomings and ineffective governance. Under neoliberal influence, political and economic reforms have been implemented over the last 30 years to address these threats. These reforms have promoted local institutions for rangeland management and agro-pastoral development. In this paper, we assess the impact of these reforms on pastoral devolvement and Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) by analyzing the performance of agro-pastoral community-based organizations CBOs in the province of Médenine (south-eastern Tunisia). We use a two-step methodology, with the first step focusing on a quantitative typology analysis of the performance of 31 CBOs. In a subsequent qualitative step, data from semi-structured interviews with 21 CBO chairpersons were used to identify the drivers of CBO performance.</div><div>Results show that only 10% of the CBOs studied are able to move towards autonomy and proper integration into local and regional institutional networks and development dynamics. About 42% of the CBOs need further support and are in a precarious situation as they are dependent on public support. The remaining 48% have a low growth potential and in the early stages of consolidation. The qualitative analysis suggests that these shortcomings are mainly related to the CBOs' lack of networking skills. In addition, CBOs should improve their reputation and gain more trust from pastoral communities. Our findings suggest that well-functioning institutions do contribute to rural development; however, the design of pastoralist policy and institutional reforms should include long-term complementary support for the institutions created and consideration of the pastoralist community and regional contexts in order to achieve long-lasting transformative outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 49-62"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological Stoichiometry of Multiple Nutrients in Leymus chinensis and Soils Subjected to Long-Term Saline-Sodic Stress in Western Jilin Province, China","authors":"Xingyi Wang,&nbsp;Jingfa Zhong,&nbsp;Yuefen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.07.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>L. chinensis</em> is considered an important plant for saline-sodic soil restoration. Ecological stoichiometry of multiple nutrient elements in <em>Leymus chinensis (L. chinensis)</em> and soils subjected to long-term saline-sodic stress remains unclear, which hinders our understanding of the mechanisms regulating nutrient cycling in the plant-soil environment. We examined nutrient element levels in saline-sodic soil and <em>L. chinensis</em> in western Jilin Province. Soil analysis revealed medium to high levels of available N, K, P, Mo, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn. The Mn/Fe and N/P ratios exceeded the national soil average of China, while those of Fe/Cu, Fe/Zn, and P/K were comparatively lower. Furthermore, <em>L. chinensis</em> exhibited deficiencies in the Mn, Zn, and P. Mo/Mn, Mo/Zn, and Fe/Zn ratios, which were significantly higher compared to healthy plants, while Mn/Fe and P/K showed the opposite trend. Soil pH had the most significant effect on element stoichiometry in both the soil and in <em>L. chinensis</em>. Particularly, the soil available Mn, Zn, K, along with <em>L. chinensis</em> Mn, Fe, Cu, and P levels exhibited sensitivity to pH fluctuations. Additionally, we observed significant synergistic or antagonistic effects between the soil available element concentration and stoichiometry ratios. Among these, only Mn, Fe, Fe/Zn, Mo/Zn, N/K, and Mo/Fe in <em>L. chinensis</em> were significantly modeled (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The Mo/Fe homeostasis index was the lowest at 0.97, followed by Fe (1.16), N/K (2.28), Mo/Zn (2.59), Fe/Zn (3.38), and Mn (4.92), while other elements and their stoichiometric ratios remained stable. Overall, <em>L. chinensis</em>, as the dominant species in saline-sodic soil, demonstrated high homeostasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 125-133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indaziflam Provides Long-Term Reduction of Annual Brome Grass (Bromus spp.) in Canada's Mixedgrass Prairie","authors":"Anabel Dombro,&nbsp;Lisa Raatz,&nbsp;Edward W. Bork","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.07.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Annual bromegrasses are some of the most widespread and problematic weeds in North America and present a challenge in managing rangeland, with control options needed. The herbicide indaziflam has shown promise in long-term annual brome reduction on western United States rangeland, though how this strategy applies to northern temperate grasslands, including those of western Canada, remains uncertain. We studied the effect of indaziflam rate (0, 37.5, 75, and 150 g ai ha⁻¹) and timing (fall vs. spring) of application on long-term biomass and density of annual brome at two field sites in Canada's northern Mixedgrass Prairie. Reductions in brome were not evident until the second growing season following treatment. During the third growing season, the current recommended rate (75 g ai ha⁻¹) of indaziflam reduced brome biomass and density by at least 90% at both sites. By the fourth season, indaziflam continued to reduce brome biomass by 11% and 66%, and brome density by 76% and 95%, at the two sites, respectively. While reductions in brome biomass and density occurred at rates as low as 37.5 g ai ha⁻¹, this rate was not as reliable as higher rates of 75 and 150 g ai ha⁻¹. The timing of indaziflam application had little impact on long-term brome reduction. We conclude that a single application of indaziflam can reduce annual brome, including corn brome (<em>Bromus squarrosus</em> L.), in northern Mixedgrass Prairie grasslands for up to 4 years, and therefore provides another tool to manage the spread of these species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 73-82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}