Rangeland Ecology & Management最新文献

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Assessment of Land Use Land Cover Change Detection and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index in Desert Area","authors":"Imran Aziz Tunio ,&nbsp;Sheeraz Ahmed Memon ,&nbsp;Habibullah Abbasi ,&nbsp;Abdul Ahad Abro ,&nbsp;Love Kumar ,&nbsp;Muhammad Abdullah Tunio ,&nbsp;Abdul Rehman Tunio ,&nbsp;Jaten Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the spatiotemporal changes in land use land cover (LULC) from 1990 to 2023 in the Islamkot subdistrict of Tharparkar, Pakistan, an area known for its vast coal reserves and environmental challenges. A change detection analysis was performed using the maximum likelihood supervised classification method, and a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis was conducted to evaluate vegetation variations. The findings indicate significant changes in land cover patterns: settlement, vegetation, water bodies, and mining areas increased by approximately 3.02%, 20.2%, 3.8%, and 0.9%, respectively, while bare land decreased by 27.9%. The primary drivers of these changes were identified as mining activities and precipitation variations. These results provide a foundation for informed land use planning, conservation efforts, and regional sustainable development strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"101 ","pages":"Pages 126-139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Dynamics of Plant Growth Forms in a Forest-Grassland Mosaic","authors":"Noah G. Davis ,&nbsp;Samuel A. Wyffels ,&nbsp;Daalkhaijav Damiran ,&nbsp;Enkhjargal Darambazar ,&nbsp;Martin Vavra ,&nbsp;Robert A. Riggs ,&nbsp;Timothy DelCurto","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of plant community type, forest stand age, and season on the forage quality of plant growth forms in a forest-grassland mosaic. We determined the forage quality of plant growth forms (graminoids, forbs, and shrubs) at 64 sites in the Blue Mountains of Oregon, over four dates between May and September over two years. Samples were analyzed for crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Sites were classified according to climax vegetation and grouped as either forested (ponderosa pine, <em>Pinus ponderosa</em>; Douglas-fir, <em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em>; grand fir, <em>Abies grandis</em>) or non-forested (meadow or grassland). Forested sites were also categorized as “young” or “old” based on mean diameter at breast height of less than or greater than 37.5 cm, respectively. Graminoid and forb CP in early May were 3.5 and 2.5 points greater in the grand fir community type than the other forested types (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.01) and were 2.7 and 4.9 points greater in the meadow type than the grassland type (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.04). In mid-September, graminoid CP was similar between all community types (<em>P</em> ≥ 0.78). In early May, forb ADF and NDF were similar between all community types (<em>P</em> ≥ 0.18). In mid-September, forb ADF was 10.7 points lower in the ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir types than in all other community types (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.02). Forb ADF and NDF were greater in young stands than in old stands (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, forb ADF was 11.4 points greater in the young grand fir community type than all other forested types (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Our study characterizes forage quality across the growing season in diverse vegetation types and, in turn, can be applied to wildlife and livestock management to predict and manage animal landscape distribution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"101 ","pages":"Pages 117-125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ranch-Level Economics of Lesser Prairie Chicken Conservation Practice Implementation","authors":"John A. Tanaka,&nbsp;Kristie A. Maczko,&nbsp;Jessica L. Windh","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2022, the lesser prairie chicken's northern distinct population segment was listed as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act and the southern distinct population segment was listed as an endangered species by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Approximately 95% of the land area of the species is in private land ownership. Conservation is thus focused on these lands with funding potentially supplied through Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) conservation programs, most notably through the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP). Under EQIP, practice payments are made to landowners to implement planned conservation practices. Trees and uniform grazing are viewed as two of the main threats to the lesser prairie chicken over its range. We seek to estimate the economic impact of implementing lesser prairie chicken conservation practices on small and large representative ranches in 4 Major Land Resource Areas (MLRA). Models were developed in the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) as recursive linear programs and run for 20 years using random cattle price sets and precipitation patterns for each MLRA. Baseline models were first developed to balance forage with the average herd size; conservation practice models that implemented practices on all or half the rangeland area, with the ranch paying 100, 25, or 0% of the conservation cost, were then compared to the baseline models. This modeling exercise shows that restoring lesser prairie chicken habitat on private ranches may or may not be profitable for the rancher or the ranch household. However, all of the scenarios show that with some level of financial assistance ranchers can implement LPC conservation practices without experiencing lasting negative impacts to their ranch or personal household incomes. The size of the ranch, how much area needs to be treated, the forage response to removing trees, cattle prices, and how much of the conservation practices need to be paid by the rancher all affect the profitability of restoration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"101 ","pages":"Pages 104-116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thresholds and Driving Mechanisms of Plateau Pika Burrowing on Ecosystem Multifunctionality in Alpine Meadows","authors":"Yingxin Wang ,&nbsp;Luxi Peng ,&nbsp;Ziying Huang ,&nbsp;Lu Pei ,&nbsp;Jinxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongqiang Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The activities of plateau pika (<em>Ochotona curzoniae</em>) significantly influence ecosystem functions and services in alpine meadow, yet further investigation is required to explore how pika burrowing impacts the ecosystem multifunctionality and its underlying drivers. Here, we evaluated the response of ecosystem multifunctionality to carrying levels of pika burrowing activity using various methodologies, including field surveys, laboratory analyses, and model approaches. Our study demonstrated that the criticality and reliability of ecosystem multifunctionality assessment in determining optimal pika burrowing thresholds surpass the utility of individual indicators. Specifically, maintaining low levels of pika burrowing disturbance emerges as essential for preserving multiple ecosystem functions. We observed that ecosystem multifunctionality and species richness peaked when pika burrowing densities were approximately 780 and 730 burrows per hectare, respectively. The critical threshold of pika burrowing density impacting ecosystem multifunctionality (transitioning from positive to negative) was identified at around 1 500 burrows per hectare. Structural equation models revealed that under low pika burrowing conditions, belowground ecosystem functions predominantly shaped ecosystem multifunctionality. Conversely, under high pika burrowing conditions, ecosystem multifunctionality was regulated by altering species richness and soil temperature. These findings put forward a broader insight into evaluating the relationship between ecosystem functions and plateau pika burrowing activities, offering a basis for developing reasonable ecological management strategies for rodent control in alpine meadow ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"101 ","pages":"Pages 93-103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spread of Forage Kochia in Invasive Annual Grass-Dominated Sagebrush Steppe","authors":"Kirk W. Davies ,&nbsp;Lauren N. Svejcar ,&nbsp;Danielle R. Clenet","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forage kochia (<em>Kochia prostrata</em> (L.) Schrad.) is a nonnative, semi-shrub that has been seeded in the western US to improve forage and habitat value of nonnative grasslands, compete with invasive plants, and as green-strips to reduce wildfire spread. As with other introduced plants, there are concerns that it may spread from areas it has been seeded. Current information on the potential for forage kochia to spread are inconclusive and reported results contradict each other. Thus, empirical studies investigating its spread over long-term (10 yr) periods of time are needed to guide land management decision. We investigated the spread of “Snowstorm” forage kochia at 11 invasive annual grass-dominated plant communities in southeastern Oregon a decade after they had been seeded. The seeding boundary was permanently marked at the time of seeding to ensure accurate measurements of forage kochia spread. Forage kochia established beyond the seeding boundary at two of the 11 seeded sites. The maximum distance that forage kochia spread from the seeding boundary was 65 cm. These results suggest that forage kochia does not readily spread in annual grass-dominated sagebrush steppe and what little spread it exhibited was over a relatively short distance. The risk of forage kochia spreading and dominating annual grass-invaded rangelands, at least in this region, appears minimal. Additional investigations of forage kochia spread in different environments and across various plant communities is warranted to inform land managers of any potential risks. Multiple decades evaluations of its potential to spread would also be important. Even though additional research would be valuable, our results that forage kochia does not readily spread suggest it may be a relatively safe option to seed to diversify nonnative grasslands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"101 ","pages":"Pages 89-92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Future Lehmann Lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana) Distribution in Texas and Adjacent Areas","authors":"Juan G. García-Cancel ,&nbsp;Robert D. Cox","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lehmann lovegrass is non-native in North America and has recently been expanding its distribution with potentially detrimental effects for native plants and compounding ecological ramifications in the southwest United States. This grass has a low palatability for livestock and can create connecting fuel corridors in historically discontinuous landscapes, creating potential for novel fires. We collected publicly available geographic locations for this species in the eastern portion of its Texas range and developed maximum entropy models to determine potential range expansion through several climate change scenarios. We found that Lehmann lovegrass is likely to expand significantly in all projected models, suggesting concerns for species conservation and livestock production in the more arid areas of the study, which are expected to suffer more intense and prolonged drought episodes in the rest of the 21st century.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"101 ","pages":"Pages 80-88"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing for Flexibility on U.S. Forest Service Grazing Allotments","authors":"Susan Charnley ,&nbsp;Paige L. Stanley ,&nbsp;Abigail R. Kaminski","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2025.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2025.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many ranchers in the western U.S. operate in a rangeland environment characterized by seasonal and annual fluctuations in water and forage, recurring drought, spreading invasive plants, increased wildfire, warming temperatures, shifting grazing seasons, and predators. Climate change is predicted to exacerbate these characteristics. Flexible grazing management can facilitate adaptation to western rangelands while meeting desired resource conditions, including on federal lands, where thousands of western ranchers graze livestock for at least part of the year. To investigate current strategies and opportunities for promoting flexibility on federal grazing allotments managed by the U.S. Forest Service, we employed a survey of agency rangeland management specialists in the western U.S. (Forest Service Regions 1-6). We received responses from 129 individuals across 53 national forest and grassland units. We found that numerous practices supporting flexible grazing management were already in use on at least some units, and that laws and policies governing grazing on Forest Service lands were perceived as a minor constraint to flexibility. The primary policy change desired is the ability to increase use of National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) categorical exclusions for rangeland improvement projects. Survey respondents perceived the main barriers to increasing flexibility in grazing management as being internal to the Forest Service. Prominent among them are budget and staffing limitations, the NEPA process, lack of capacity to conduct ecological monitoring, and fear of litigation. Managers offered multiple ideas for overcoming these barriers while emphasizing the need for increased budgets and staffing to implement flexible management approaches. We found that greater investment in and prioritization of the Rangeland Management Program within the Forest Service could help address lack of program capacity and alleviate some constraints to flexible grazing management on allotments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"101 ","pages":"Pages 64-79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of Cheatgrass and Other Vegetation to Proactive Management Using Two Consecutive Fall Herbicide Applications in High-Elevation Sagebrush Steppe","authors":"Colter Mumford ,&nbsp;Jane Mangold ,&nbsp;John Winnie Jr. ,&nbsp;Kyle A. Cutting ,&nbsp;Catherine Zabinski ,&nbsp;Lisa J. Rew","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2025.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2025.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nonnative plants are one of the foremost concerns to public and private land managers. To help guide managers, conservation and nonnative plant management methodologies have been blended to help prioritize management under the “defend the core” management framework. This approach emphasizes the need to control low-abundance infestations of nonnative plants before they become costly to manage and result in irreversible ecosystem alterations. However, few studies have explored the impacts and efficacy of nonnative plant management when target species occur in low abundance. Our study focused on one of the most prolific invaders in the western United States, cheatgrass (<em>Bromus tectorum</em>). We found that at the northern edge of cheatgrass's historical range, two consecutive fall applications of the herbicide imazapic (Plateau; BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC) controlled low-abundance populations of cheatgrass for three or more years. However, cheatgrass reductions did not result in an increase in native plant richness, native plant abundance, or native perennial grass productivity, and ultimately, cheatgrass returned to pretreatment abundances in one of two areas. As a result, we conclude that imazapic can be an effective tool to control cheatgrass when it occurs at low abundance in high-diversity plant communities, i.e., “core” sagebrush areas, within the Middle Rockies ecoregion. To defend the core, we recommend herbicide as a tool within a broader adaptive and integrated management plan that includes alterations to factors that managers can control, e.g., stocking rates, timing, placement of grazing infrastructure, and off-road travel. Lastly, we suggest that monitoring should be conducted throughout the management process so managers can adapt to the real-time responses of plant communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"101 ","pages":"Pages 43-53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Wildlife Grazing During Drought on Herbaceous Vegetation in a Semiarid Rangeland and Postdrought Recovery","authors":"Zacharias Martinus Smit ,&nbsp;Paulus Johannes Malan ,&nbsp;Gert Nicolaas Smit ,&nbsp;Francois Deacon","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2025.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2025.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rainfall is regarded as the primary determinant of vegetation dynamics in non-equilibrium semi-arid rangelands and mitigates the potential impacts of heavy grazing. In reality, the impact of grazing and rainfall on vegetation dynamics in these systems are far more complex. It is well documented that the combined effect of heavy grazing and drought conditions in semi-arid rangelands can be particularly impactful on herbaceous vegetation. In Witsand Nature Reserve, located in the southern Kalahari, vegetation was subjected to heavy grazing by wild herbivores (game species) for prolonged periods. The region also experienced the most severe drought recorded in the region in the last 60 years. A study was conducted to determine the extent that heavy grazing impacted the response of vegetation to rainfall variability. Furthermore, the applicability of non-equilibrium based models in this semi-arid rangeland was tested. The study also investigated the effects of heavy grazing by wildlife and compared it to the reported detrimental effects of overgrazing caused by livestock. The results found that rainfall was the main determinant of cover abundance and biomass changes, but did not affect species composition. Heavy grazing resulted in areas of low species diversity and the dominance of undesired annuals. Heavily grazed areas were also far more susceptible to drought conditions compared to lightly grazed areas. In lightly grazed areas, vegetation responses post-drought conformed to the description of non-equilibrium systems while heavily grazed sites did not. This was indicative of vegetation responses being closely coupled to the inherent resilience of the vegetation. Heavy grazing by wildlife resulted in the degraded state of the rangelands, as has also been found with livestock farming. The key difference of overgrazing caused by livestock and wildlife was concluded to be in the spatial extend of the impact. This is due to the management and behavioural differences between livestock and wildlife.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"101 ","pages":"Pages 54-63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of Fire-Affected Buildings and Air-Quality Assessment: A Remote-Sensing Study Using Ground-Based interferometric Radar and Google-Earth-Engine","authors":"Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiangtian Zheng ,&nbsp;Bushra Ghaffar ,&nbsp;Abdul Quddoos ,&nbsp;Iram Naz ,&nbsp;Rana Waqar Aslam ,&nbsp;Zoia Fatima ,&nbsp;M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud ,&nbsp;Rana Muhammad Zulqarnain","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2025.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2025.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the environmental and structural impacts of crop and rangeland residue burning in Punjab during April and May 2023, utilizing ground-based interferometric radar alongside atmospheric and land use datasets. The radar system was employed to monitor structural deformations in buildings affected by fire, providing critical insights into the broader impacts of the fires on infrastructure. Multiple ground-based interferometric radars for distributed monitoring can effectively obtain the three-dimensional deformation components of structural targets in real fire scenes. The monitoring results conform to the displacement variation law of existing portal steel frame structures during fire deformation, and can provide effective data support for building structure collapse warning under fire. This approach offers a novel method for assessing the structural integrity of buildings during and after fire events, complementing traditional environmental monitoring. Environmental data show a marked increase in atmospheric pollutants such as NO₂, CH₄, and CO in May 2023, directly linked to the residue burning. Active fire data from FIRMS and MODIS revealed a 98% increase in fire events compared to April, while land surface temperature analysis showed a rise of 1.54%, with affected areas reaching up to 45.9°C. LULC analysis indicated a 23.3% decrease in cropland and rangeland areas, reflecting extensive land clearing. These findings highlight the urgent need for sustainable agricultural management and policies to mitigate the environmental and infrastructural damage caused by residue burning in Punjab.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"101 ","pages":"Pages 28-42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}